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43 巻, 4 号
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菊池 正一1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 833-844
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThis article is a summarized report and discussion of a series of experiments carried out to elucidate the many-faceted effects of ambient thermal conditions on change in splenic plaque forming cells (PFC) and humoral antibodies which were chosen as examples of physiological functions. As the results, the following findings were obtained. (1) The effect of thermal environment is more intense just after a change of thermal condition than after acclimation. (2) The adverse effects of high or low ambient temperature do not appear symmetrically as the thermal conditions go up or down from the optimal range. (3) When animals are exposed repeatedly for short period of time to a temperature which would normally exert a suppressive effect on immune response, the results turned out to be stimulative of immune response. (4) In the case of a temperature shift from a moderate to a cold environment, the effect on PFC took place mainly when the shift occurred after immune stimulation, while in the case of temperature shift from a moderate to a hot environment, the effect appeared when the shift took place before immune stimulation and the duration of effect lasted longer. To explain these results an “effective period” in the course of physiological adaptation to the change in ambient temperature and a “susceptible period” in the course of immune response were postulated.
This series of experiments revealed that the effects of ambient temperature on the immune response were not simple but rather multilateral and complicated. Although the thermal environment rarely acts as the specific cause of a disease, more detailed knowledge on the influence of thermal environment will render prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases more precise and reliable.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1055K) -
牧野 茂徳, 岩田 弘敏1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 845-852
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー昭和60年の岐阜県における身体障害者調査からみた難病による在宅の身体障害者について検討し,次の結果が得られた。
難病による身体障害者は男が124人,女が152人,合計で276人であった。女が男より多かった。ベーチェット病,多発性硬化症,重症筋無力症,スモン,サルコイドーシス,ビュルガー病,パーキソン病の7疾病であった。男女ともパーキンソン病が最も多く,次に,スモンが多かった.スモン,パーキソン病は男より女に多く,ベーチェット病,ビュルガー病は女より男に多かった。年齢別では60∼69歳が最も多く,次に,70歳以上,50∼59歳,40∼49歳の順になっている。等級別では2級が最も多く,以下,3級,1級,5級,6級,4級という順であった。発病年齢別では40∼59歳が最も多く,次に20∼39歳,60歳以上が多かった。食事,トイレ,入浴,洗髪,洗面,衣服の着脱,家の中の移動,寝返りなどの日常生活動作について,何らかの介助を必要とする者の割合は40.6%であった。難病による身体障害者は障害者の中でも重度の者が多く,日常生活動作の介助を要する者の割合が高い。
人口10万人あたりの難病による身体障害者数はベーチェット病は男が1.6,女が0.2,多発性硬化症は男が0.4,女が0.3,重症筋無力症は男が0.2,女が0.3,スモンは男が2.1,女が5.6,サルコイドーシスは女が0.2,ビュルガー病は男が1.6,女が0.2,パーキソン病は男が6.6,女が7.9であった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (998K) -
第1報 富山県神通川流域カドミウム汚染地住民の尿細管機能,とくに尿β2-マイクログロブリン値との関連において青島 恵子, 岩田 孝吉, 加須屋 実1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 853-863
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (1434K) -
第2報 富山県神通川流域カドミウム汚染地住民の血清カルシウム,リン,アルカリホスファターゼ値ならびに骨萎縮度について青島 恵子, 岩田 孝吉, 加須屋 実1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 864-871
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーSerum calcium and phosphorus concentrations, alkaline phosphatase activity and the metacarpal bone mass were measured in 85 female inhabitants of the cadmium-polluted Jinzu River basin aged 55-71 years who had various concentrations of β2-microglobulin (β2-m) in urine. The relationship between cadmium-induced renal tubular dysfunction and abnormalities of calcium and phosphorus metabolism was studied.
1) Most of the values for serum calcium were within the normal range. However, fractional calcium excretion (FEca) was increased in 81 subjects (95.3%). The correlation coefficient between urinary excretion of β2-m and FEca was significant (r=0.352, p<0.005).
2) Serum phosphorus concentration averaged 3.16±0.48ml/dl and the values found in 28 subjects (32.9%) were below the normal lower limit (3.0mg/dl). There was a significant correlation between serum phosphorus level and TmP/GFR (r=0.797, p<0.001). These observations show that hypophosphatemia is due to excessive renal phosphate excretion.
3) Serum alkaline phosphatase activity was definitely elevated in 29 subjects (34.1%). A significant positive correlation of alkaline phosphatase activity and urinary β2-m level was present (r=0.346, p<0.005).
4) The metacarpal index (MCI) and ΣGS/D of the second right metacarpal bone were measured by the quantitative microdensitometric method. A significant negative correlation of the urinary β2-m level with MCI and ΣGS/D was present (p<0.01). This result suggested that the degree of renal tubular dysfunction was related to the bone mass.
5) This study showed that the inhabitants with severe renal tubular dysfunction had hypophosphatemia due to excessive renal phosphate excretion, increased urinary excretion of calcium, elevated activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and decreased bone mass. We proposed that these cases be diagnosed as latent renal tubular osteomalacia.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1082K) -
中村 裕之1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 872-886
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) in the responses of organisms to exposure to whole body vibration, dopamine (DA) metabolism and levels of DA-related neuropeptides: substance P-like immunoreactivity (SP-LI), somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LI) and neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NT-LI) in various discrete regions of the rat brain were examined in the following three groups; a group exposed to whole body vibration (4G, 20Hz, 1.5 hours), a group exposed to noise (68-72 dB (A), 1.5 hours) associated with the driving of a vibration generator, and a control group. Simultaneously, changes of both rectal temperatures and plasma corticosterone levels and the development of gastric ulcers were examined as indices of the autonomic-endocrine function.
1. Rectal temperatures and plasma corticosterone levels were increased by the exposure to whole body vibration, as compared with those of the group exposed to noise. Furthermore, gastric ulcers developed in all of the rats exposed to whole body vibration.
2. The whole body vibration increased the DA turnover rate in the frontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens, compared with those in the noise group. SP-LI in the nucleus accumbens was also increased significantly.
3. The striatal SRIF-LI was increased in the rats subjected to whole body vibration.
4. SP-LI and SRIF-LI in the amygdala were increased in the whole body vibration group as compared with in the noise group. A significant increase of NT-LI was also observed in the hypothalamus.
5. SP-LI was reduced and NT-LI was increased in the frontal cortex of the rats exposed to whole body vibration.
6. The noise exposure caused no changes in rectal temperature, plasma corticosterone levels or gastric mucosa. However, the DA turnover in the amygdala increased significantly compared with that of the control group, suggesting that the DA neurons projecting to the amygdala were involved in emotional changes induced by the exposure to noise stress.
7. The combined effects of noise and whole body vibration could not be observed in this study.
In conclusion, the findings obtained in the present study indicate that DA systems in the CNS, especially the mesocortical DA system, may be involved in various responses of the organism, including emotional changes in a functional relationship with SP, SRIF and NT neuron systems in various brain regions when subjected to whole body vibration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1992K) -
米山 京子, 永田 久紀, 宮田 英子, 坂本 洋子1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 887-894
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー東京都および滋賀県の中学生384名について小学4年から中学3年までの各学年の身長,体重,初潮時期,誕生月の資料を用いて,初潮発現時の身長,体重ならびに思春期の発育パターン,即ちスパート開始期,加速期,ピーク期の発育経過の様相を初潮年齢4群間で比較し,それらの様相による初潮時期の予測を試みた。
1.初潮年齢4群間で初潮時の身長の平均値には有意差があり,体重の平均値には有意差は認められなかったが各群とも標準偏差がかなり大きく,全体の平均値±2倍の標準偏差は32.8∼52.4kgであった。
2.発育パターンの様相を示す種々の発育値ならびにスパート開始期およびピーク期から初潮までの期間の平均値は,いずれも初潮年齢4群間で有意に異なり,単一の発育値から初潮年齢の予測は困難であった。
3.満10歳時および最大発育年齢の判明した時点における初潮年齢4群の判別分析では,正判別率はいずれも60%弱と比較的低かったが,満10歳時および12歳時において初潮が2年以内に近付いているかそれ以後かの2段階の判別では正判別率はいずれも約80%に向上し,発育様相を示す値から初潮が2年以内か否かの予測はある程度可能であった。
4.初潮が2年以内であるかそれ以後かは,10歳時点では9∼10歳の身長増加量,12歳時点では11∼12歳の体重増加量が最も大きな判断要因であゐた。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (870K) -
島 正吾, 栗田 秀樹, 倉本 徹, 細田 浩, 鵜飼 弥英子, 吉田 勉, 立川 壮一, 伊藤 宜則, 森田 邦彦1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 895-900
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of three zirconium (Zr) compounds, zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2), zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) on the viability and DNA synthesis of cultured spleen cells from C57BL mice was studied in vitro. The viability of spleen cells was determined by the trypan blue stain method using cells cultured in a CO2 incubator at 37°C for 1-4 days.
The degree of DNA synthesis of spleen cells was determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation into spleen cells. The viability of spleen cells treated with ZrOCl2 exhibited similar changes at concentrations of 1-40μM and decreased at concentrations of 80-400μM, as compared with that of control cells.
On the other hand, no effects of ZrO2 and ZrSiO4 on the viability of spleen cells were recognized at concentrations of 1-400μM. The degree of 3H-thymidine incorporation into spleen cells treated with ZrO2 or ZrSiO4 was not different from that of control cells.
In the case of spleen cells treated with ZrOCl2, it was enhanced at concentrations of 1-20μM and was inhibited at concentrations of 40-400μM as compared with the control cells.
The results of these studies in vitro suggest the following:
1) The effect of Zr on the cytotoxicity of mouse spleen cells depends upon the solubility of Zr salts.
2) ZrOCl2 was found to be weakly mitogenic for lymphocytes at a narrow concentration (1-20μM; max, about 10μM) range.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (599K) -
山田 重行, 加瀬沢 信彦, 櫻井 信夫, 菅野 剛史1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 901-906
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー35∼49歳までの飲酒習慣を有しない健康な男性2,146人を対象に喫煙習慣と体重との関係について調査した。
喫煙群の体重は,一日当たりの喫煙本数が増すに従って増加し,21∼30本/日,31∼40本/日および41本以上/日喫煙群の平均体重は,非喫煙群に比し,それぞれ0.6kg,1.3kg,2.5kgずつ重かった。体重におけると同様の正の量-反応関係が皮下脂肪厚と肥満指数(体重/身長2)にも認められた。三つの血清中非蛋白性含窒素終末代謝産物,即ち,クレアチニン,尿酸,尿素窒素の各喫煙カテゴリーにおける値の分布は互いに異なっていた。血清クレアチニン値は各喫煙カテゴリーでほぼ同一の値を示し,血清尿酸値は,11∼20本/日喫煙群を底とするV型曲線を示した。尿素窒素は喫煙量に比例して減少した。以上の成績から,一日一箱以上喫煙する者の体重は増加する傾向にあり,これには,シガレット煙に対する内分泌反応の寄与していることが示唆された。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (662K) -
池田 順子, 永田 久紀, 東 あかね, 渡辺 能行, 川井 啓市1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 907-916
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー京都府下W町の20∼74歳の女子183名を対象に尿中NaCl量と食生活の状況を調査し,その結果に基づいて食生活状況調査結果から食塩摂取傾向の高い群と低い群を判別する方法を験討した。
1.食生活状況調査の21項目で年齢階級間に差が認められたのは漬物と塩干魚の摂取頻度と味付けの好みのみであった。24時間尿中NaClは年齢階級間で差がなかったが尿中クレアチニンは若年齢階級で多い傾向であった。
2.尿中〔NaCl/Cr〕を個人の食塩摂取傾向を示す指標値として用いて対象を低値群(A群),中等値群(B群),高値群(C群)に分類した。この3群を外的基準,食生活状況調査の21項目と年齢階級の計22項目を説明変数として数量化分析II類を適応したが,正判別率は低かった。そこで,A,C2群のみを対象として同様の分析を行ったところ,正判別率は83%であった。
3.A,C2群についての分析で得られたカテゴリーウェイト並びにこれを簡略化したカテゴリーウェイトを用いて算出した塩分スコア2,3は,従来用いられてきた塩分スコア1に比べて,尿中NaCl量,尿中NaCl/Cr値と高い相関を示した。また,塩分スコア2と3の相関は0.98と非常に高かった。すなわち,塩分スコア2,または3は個人の食塩摂取状況を把握するのに有用と思われる。
4.塩分スコア2,3の算出に関与した調査項目は15項目で,従来用いられてきた食塩摂取に関与する5項目の他に,食パターンに関与する10項目が含まれた。この結果は,食塩摂取に食パターンが関与していることを示唆している。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1125K) -
坂本 峰至, 脇阪 一郎, 安藤 哲夫, 柳橋 次雄1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 917-922
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーTwo groups of male Wister rats, 10 animals each, were fed vitamin-E deficient diets containing either of two kinds of lipid, beef tallow containing less amount of polyunsaturated fatty acid or cod-liver oil containing much of one. At the end of 5 weeks (35 days) on these diets, 4 animals from each group were measured for the amounts of expired ethane and pentane, followed by sacrifice for analyses of the fatty acid compositions of the lipids and the contents of thiobarbituric acid (TBA)-reactants in the plasma, brain, liver and kidney, and the level of oxidative hemolysis. The remaining 6 animals in each group were subcutaneously injected with 1.25mg methylmercury daily for 5 consecutive days and the blood cells, liver, kidney and brain were analyzed for total and inorganic mercury. Results obtained were as follows:
1) The fatty acid compositions of the plasma, liver, kidney and brain were changed by the effects of dietary lipid components, in that the concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the ω-3 series increased significantly in the group fed the diet containing cod-liver oil as compared with the group fed the diet containing beef tallow.
2) The amount of expired ethane, the levels of TBA-reactants in the plasma, liver, kidney and brain, and the level of oxidative hemolysis were significantly higher in the group fed the diet containing cod-liver oil than in the group fed the diet containing beef tallow, suggesting that lipid peroxidation might be stimulated and that the erythrocyte membrane might be weakened in the rats fed a vitamin-E deficient diet containing much amount of the ω-3 series polyunsaturated fatty acid.
3) The inorganic mercury content in the brains of rats fed the diet containing cod-liver oil was significantly higher than in those fed the diet containing beef tallow, suggesting that the lipid peroxidation induced by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids affects membrane permeability and thus facilitates the sotrage of mercury in the brain.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (805K) -
白井 文雄1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 923-933
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn order to assess the degree of mercury poisoning in the case of occupational and environmental mercury exposure, we commonly used to measure urinary mercury concentration as an indicator. However, it was known that the normal mercury concentrations in the urine of persons who have not been exposed to mercury show a wide range of differences between individuals. The author recently conducted a study to establish the baseline inorganic mercury levels in urine by testing 48 married couples from Niigata, Japan, and investigated the relationship between daily intake of foodstuffs and the variations in urinary mercury levels.
The results were as follows:
1) Urinary mercury concentration averaged 2.70μg/l for the husband, 2.33μg/l for the wife and 2.51μg/l overall.
2) The amount of mercury intake from daily food consumption was similar for husband and wife pairs. It was found that fish and shellfish contributed 50% of the dietary mercury (20.4μg/day a person).
3) Urinary mercury concentration was highly correlated for husband and wife pairs (p<0.01). In the case of married couple samples, there was a significant correlation between urinary mercury concentration and the amount of mercury intake from fish and shellfish (p<0.05).
4) Considering that (a) intake amounts of mercury from fish and shellfish formed the greater part of dietary mercury as compared with that from other food items and that (b) the form of mercury in fish and shellfish was mainly methylmercury, which has a high affinity in vivo, it cannot be denied that the primary factor in the variations in urinary mercury concentration is related to the amount of fish and shellfish consumed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1475K) -
林 和夫, 松窪 耕玄, 長島 敏晴, 石川 知治, 橋田 ちせ, 清水 英佑1988 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 934-939
発行日: 1988/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーMutagenicity of seven aromatic amines, two heterocyclic amines, two azo compounds and one polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon was examined with the fluctuation test modified by Gatehouse. The test was performed by using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 in the presence of bladder S9 from PCB-pretreated rats.
Seven out of 12 compounds were found to be mutagenic to TA98 or TA100, but three were negative for both bacterial strains. 3-Amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido [4, 3-b] indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4, 3-b] indole (Trp-P-2) showed mutagenicity at the lowest concentration, when compared with other compounds. 2-Aminofluorene (2-AF) tested with TA98 revealed an increment of positive wells compared with other compounds at the same dosage. A dose-related increment of mutagenic activity was observed with 3-methylcholanthrene by TA100 and Trp-P-2 and 2-AF by TA98.
Based on this experiment, we suggest that aromatic amines, heterocyclic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can be metabolized to mutagenic compounds by rat bladder S9 pretreated with PCB. The fluctuation test using bladder S9 is useful for investigating the mutagenic activity of chemicals which are capable of inducing bladder tumors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (794K)
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