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45 巻, 4 号
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馬場園 明1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 849-859
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe study evaluated the impact of the October 1984 introduction of 10% cost sharing on insured persons belonging to the Employees' Health Insurance Scheme. There was a total of 199 subjects with hypertension, all of whom were insured by a health insurance society under the scheme from January 1982 to March 1986.
The consultation rate for hypertension, as revealed by the medical receipts, was studied with time sequential analysis to evaluate the impact. Moreover, the differences of the impact pertinent to sex, age, medical facility, first year of visit and complications were analyzed.
The results are as follows.
1. The study disclosed an increase in the rate of consultation during the six-month period before the introduction and a substantial decrease in the rate during the following six months. The impact proved to be temporary because the rate of consultation returned to the originally estimated level.
2. The impact on insured persons whose first year of visit was more recent was larger than that of those whose first year of visit was before 1980. The impact on patients with complications was larger than that on those without complications.
3. The effect of the first year of visit was independent of that of complications.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1184K) -
本田 貞1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 860-872
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThere have been many attempts to quantitatively measure the hardness of skin-muscle, but no objective method for doing so has been established, because there is no universal standard for the hardness of organisms. The author considered elasticity and viscosity as the most important mechanical properties of the hardness of skin-muscle and applied the Maxwell model, in which a spring and a dash-pot are arranged in a series, to the static mechanical behavior of skin-muscle. A relatively large globular pressing body with a radius of 5mm was set as a transducer in the measuring system, so that the conformity of the practically measured values to those calculated theoretically by the model was increased. Strain of skin-muscle is expressed as a function of the load, which includes indices of elasticity (1/M) (M(N/mm2)=E/(1-λ2) (E: Young's modulus, λ: Poisson's ratio)) and viscosity (1/η) (η: modulus of viscosity) in a particular region. Because hardness is defined as the degree of resistance against transformation by loading, decreases in the indices of both elasticity and viscosity mean increases of hardness. With 150 male and female office workers chosen as the subjects, the model was examined and the indices were calculated. The results were as follows.
1) Very good conformity of practically measured values to those calculated theoretically by the Maxwell model was recognized within the range of load velocity from 0.3G to 3.0G (N/sec).
2) In both males and females the regions with values nearest to those of a Newtonian fluid were, in descending order, the distal phalanxes of digiti 2-4, the palm, the distal phalanx of the first digitus and the arm. In reverse order these regions approached complete elasticity.
3) In males it was suggested that the element of viscosity in the region of the biceps brachii muscle and the hardness in the regions of the brachioradialis, the flexor carpi radialis and palmalis longus muscles and the distal phalanxes of the 4th and the 5th digiti were increased with age. In females, a decrease in hardness in the region of the biceps brachii muscle with age was observed.
4) The indices of not only elasticity, but also of viscosity in females were higher than those in males. The results showed that for both elasticity and viscosity, the hardness of skin-muscles in males were higher than that in females.
Furthermore, the index of plasticity was determined by examining the mark remaining after unloading, and good correlation of the index to age was observed.
These results were considered very effective in comparing the hardness of skin-muscle induced by different occupations and by exercise.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3254K) -
齋藤 憲光, 和田 安彦, 小泉 昭夫, 加美山 茂利1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 873-883
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーNitroarenes, potent rodent carcinogens, have attracted much attention as environmental contaminants. Recently, simultaneous exposure to dust have been found to potentiate tumorigenicity of nitroarenes in rats (14). We hypothesized that inhabitants of northwestern Japan may be exposed to such substances in winter. First, we sought to develop a sensitive yet time saving method to determine nitroarene concentrations in airborne particulate matter. The method developed used a highperformance liquid chromatograph equipped with a fluorescence detector. By on-column catalytic reduction, using silica coated with platinum and rhodium, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), 1, 3-dinitropyrene, 1, 6-dinitropyrene, and 1, 8-dinitropyrene were effectively reduced to their amino derivatives which were easily detectable with the fluorescence detector. The lowest detectable limits found using the present method were on the order of picograms for individual compounds. Subsequently, we sought to determine the concentrations of nitroarenes using the new method on airborne particulate matter during the period from November to April. Samples were collected at sampling sites on road with high-volume air samplers for 24 hours or 72 hours in four different rural areas in Iwate Prefecture. At one location in the city of Morioka, samples were collected at the height of 25m from the ground. Among the four nitropyrenes mentioned above, only 1-NP was detected in the samples. The concentrations of 1-NP and airborne particulates changed significantly in all examined areas in parallel with the rise and fall of the frequencies of studded tire use. The highest 1-NP and airborne particulate concentrations were 1, 210pg/m3 and 1, 291μg/m3, respertively, being recorded at the busiest road in Kitakami. In contrast, the lowest values were 38 to 66pg/m3 for 1-NP and 54 to 94μg/m3 for airborne particulates in Morioka, being recorded in November and Aprill, respectively. The mutagenicities of extracts of airborne particulate matter showed similar trends. Thus, exposure situations with high concentrations of dust and 1-NP were confirmed to occur in Iwate. Finally, the risk posed by 1-NP in airborne particulate matter was estimated using the equation proposed by Cuddihy and McClellan (37) and was found to range from 3.12×10-2 to 24.2×10-2 lung cancer/year/106 people. Although the estimated risk due to 1-NP is relatively small, further surveillance is highly recommended in those areas since heavy dust exposure also occurs there.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1327K) -
吉川 日出男, 吉田 宗弘, 原 一郎1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 884-889
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーChanges in electroretinograms (ERG) due to administration of chlorpyrifos were examined in rats. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally injected with chlorpyrifos (0.2mmol/kg body weight), and their cholinesterase (ChE) activities and ERG were measured at various times after the injection. Amplitudes of A and B waves in ERG were more than 50% decreased and latencies of the waves were prolonged 10-20% from 5h to 2d after the injection. At the same time, activities of ChE in plasma, erythrocytes, brain and retinochoroid were remarkably decreased. However, the amplitudes and latencies recovered to the control level more rapidly than the ChE activities of the erythrocytes, brain and retinochoroid.
Injection into rats of 0, 0.002, 0.01, 0.05 or 0.25mmol/kg of chlorpyrifos showed that the chlorpyrifos-induced changes of ERG were dose-dependent, and that a level of 0.05mmol/kg caused a 50% decrease in the A or B wave 5h after the injection.
These results indicate that chlorpyrifos caused abnormal ERG characterized by decreased amplitudes and prolonged latencies of A and B waves and that the abnormal ERG did not always correspond to the decreased retinochoroid or brain ChE activities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (805K) -
島根県隠岐島の追跡調査から福澤 陽一郎, 岸本 拓治, 阿部 美代子, 多田 學, 増田 登, 重松 峻夫1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 890-903
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn 1968 (the first survey), the food intake patterns and smoking and drinking habits of the 3, 546 male and 4, 350 female inhabitants aged 40-74, of the Oki-Islands, Shimane, Japan were investigated. The response rates were 64% for males and 65% for females.
A second survey according the same protocol was carried out from 1987 to 1988. A total of 1, 140 males and 1, 694 females were randomly selected from the cohort members who were completely followed up from 1968 to 1987. The overall response rates at the second survey were 91.2% for male and 88.9% for female. The results are summarized as follows:
1. ‘Saltless’ dietary habits significantly advanced in both sexes of all age groups (40-49, 50-59, and 60-74 years old in 1968) and in both hypertensives and normotensives; the frequency of pickle intake significantly decreased, while that of miso soup intake did not change.
Nutritional improvement was remarkable in that the frequency of fish, meat, eggs, milk, green vegetable and fruit intakes increased in both sexes of all age groups and in both hypertensives and normotensives.
2. The frequency of smoking significantly decreased in all age groups and in both male hypertensives and normotensives, in contrast with that of drinking. The frequencies of smoking and drinking showed the same tendencies in females.
3. The frequencies of smoking, drinking, and miso soup intake were higher in males who died from strokes than in those who died from other causes from 1968 to 1987, in contrast with the intakes of eggs and milk. The frequencies of fish, eggs, and milk intakes in hypertensives of both sexes who died from strokes were lower than in those who died from other causes from 1968 to 1987.
4. The life expectancy of normotensives was longer than that of hypertensives in both sexes of the two age groups studied (40-59 and 60-74 years old in 1968) during the past two decades.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1659K) -
井奈波 良一, 渡辺 信哉, 岡田 晃, 諸治 隆嗣1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 904-908
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーTo investigate the effects of whole-body microwave exposure on plasma corticosterone, glucose, uric acid and allantoin levels, rats weighing 245-300g (light group) and 440-510g (heavy group) were exposed to microwaves with a frequency of 2, 450MHz at the power density of 10mW/cm2 under an ambient temperature of 21 to 23°C for one hour. Rectal temperatures were increased by 3.4°C in the light group and 1.4°C in the heavy group after microwave exposure. Plasma levels of corticosterone, glucose and uric acid did not change in both groups after microwave exposure. Plasma levels of allantoin increased significantly only in the heavy group after microwave exposure. These results suggest that the plasma levels of allantoin, a metabolite of uric acid, may be useful as a biological variable for assessment of the effects of whole-body microwave exposure in rats. The increase of plasma allantoin level after microwave exposure could not be explained only by the degree of increased rectal temperature caused by hyperthermic effects of microwaves.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (617K) -
森永 謙二, 由谷 聰至, 原 一郎1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 909-918
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーベンジジンおよびβ-ナフチルアミンを製造・使用していた大阪市内の2工場従業員で,1945年以降にはじめて曝露を受け,1970年末現在で生存が確認されている男性794人のうち,住所が判明し,予後の調査が可能であった604人を対象とした後ろ向きコホート調査を行った。1970年1月1日から1986年12月31日末までの観察期間内に死亡者は84人であった。
統計学的に有意の差(p<0.01)を示した過剰死因は尿路系の悪性新生物(死亡数10)の12.20,11.24と性質不詳の新生物(7)の4.89のみであった。しかし,ベンジジン曝露群で結腸・直腸癌(2),肺癌(3)が,ベンジジンおよびβ-ナフチルアミン曝露群で肝・胆管(1)癌が1.0を上回った。これらの部位の癌で組織型の判明している9例のうち4例(肺癌2,直腸癌1,胆管癌1)が腺癌,2例が肝細胞癌であった。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1158K) -
田中 俊行, 前田 隆子, 林 康久, 今井 昭二, 船川 一彦, 能勢 隆之1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 919-925
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe silicon (Si) concentrations in maternal serum and breast milk were determined for 38 healthy postpartal women, 19 primiparae and 19 multiparae, by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
The results are as follows:
1. The geometric mean (95% confidence interval) of the Si level in maternal serum was 9.7μmol/l (8.8-10.8μmol/l) at 1 week after delivery, and 8.1μmol/l (7.1-9.2μmol/l) at 1 month after delivery. The Si level at 1 week after delivery was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that at 1 month after delivery.
2. The geometric mean of the Si level (95% confidence interval), in breast milk was 6.3μmol/l (5.4-7.3μmol/l) at 1 week after delivery, and 6.1μmol/l (5.1-7.2μmol/l)at 1 month after delivery.
3. At both 1 week and 1 month after delivery, a significant correlation was not found between the Si concentrations in maternal serum and in breast milk.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (843K) -
三宅 久美子, 三澤 哲夫, 重田 定義1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 926-934
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe toxicity of his (tri-n-butyltin) oxide (TBTO) was studied in THA rats. Doses of 0 (control), 10 or 15mg/kg/day of TBTO were administered to adult rats for 12 consecutive days, and 0, 5 or 10mg/kg/day was given to pregnant rats from day 6 to day 20 of gestation by gastric intubation.
In the adult rat exposure experiment, the 15mg/kg group showed slightly decreased body weight and spontaneous motor activity, and a low avoidance rate in the Sidman avoidance test in the early stage of administration.
In the pregnant-rat exposure experiment, no effect of TBTO was seen in either the 5mg/kg or 10mg/kg groups in dams while all pups in the 10mg/kg group died by postnatal day 3. Little effect of TBTO on body weight, pinna detachment, incisor eruption, eye opening, surface righting, cliff avoidance, pivoting, negative geotaxis and auditory startle was found in the 5mg/kg pups. In the Sidman avoidance test, the avoidance rate of the 5mg/kg pups was lower than that of control pups in the early stage of the session. In a water E-maze test, the swimming time to the goal and the number of errors were increased in the 5mg/kg pups. In a reversal water E-maze test, increases of the swimming time to the goal and the number of errors made by the 5mg/kg pups were marked.
These results suggest that TBTO administration disrupts the learning acquisition of rats, and that the toxicity of TBTO is greater in prenatally exposured pups than in adult rats.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1092K) -
吉田 勝美, 松田 弘史, 武藤 孝司, 桜井 治彦, 近藤 東郎1990 年 45 巻 4 号 p. 935-940
発行日: 1990/10/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー長期の体重変動が,肥満の健康影響を評価する上で,関心を呼んでいる。体重の増加量が及ぼす健康影響は知られるものの,体重増加の時間的経緯による健康影響については,ほとんど知られていない。本研究の目的は,体重増加の時間的経緯として,増加速度がもたらす健康影響を評価することである。某企業の1,627名男子従業員の中から,次の基準により,解析対象を選択した。選択基準は,以下のごとくである。1)対象者は,少なくとも20回以上の健康診断を受診している。2)対象者は,青年期より7kg以上の体重増加を認める。上記の基準により,437名が選択された。対象者の年齢は,46.2±5.1歳(M±S.D.)であった。体重の増加速度により,対象者を以下の3群に分けた。急速体重増加群は,5年間に5kg以上の増加を認めた者であり,167名が分類された。緩徐体重増加群は,5年間に5kg未満の体重増加を認めた者であり,212名が分類された。観察期間中に,一時的な体重減少を認めた残りの58名は,その他の群として,以下の解析から除外した。現時点の比体重を補正したMantel-Haenszel odds比は,空腹時血糖の有所見(110mg/dl以上)に関して,急速体重増加群で有意に高かった。また,体重増加速度以外の要因を含めたロジスティック解析の結果では,空腹時血糖の有所見に関するロジスティック式に,年齢とともに体重増加速度が取り込まれ,体重増加速度のodds比は,2.86(95%C.I.:1.35-6.06)であった。血圧,総コレステロール,中性脂肪,尿酸の有所見の発現に関して,体重増加の有意な関係は認めなかった。以上より,青年期から7kg以上の体重増加を認めた者において,体重増加速度が糖代謝異常の発現に関連していることが示され,体重増加速度が有する健康危険指標の意義が確認された。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (798K)
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