巻号一覧
46 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の10件中1～10を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
日下 幸則, 森本 兼曩1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1035-1042
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーNatural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in the defense against tumors. Peripheral blood monocytes are routinely assayed for the activity of NK cells by using a 4hr-51Cr release assay, and subsets of the NK cells are determined with monoclonal antibodies directed against surface phenotypes of the NK cells. We reviewed associations of demographic characteristics and individual lifestyles with the NK cell activities and the NK cell subpopulation frequencies. The age-dependence of NK cell activities has been a matter of controversy, although there are a number of cross-sectional survey reports suggesting an increase in NK cell activities with aging. The elevation of an NK subset bearing a phenotype of CD16+(Leu11+) has been reported to coincide with an increase in NK cell activities. Males are said to have higher NK cell activities than females. Smoking tobacco seems to reduce the NK cell activities and cessation of the smoking habit clearly increases the activities. With respect to alcohol consumption, no clear relevance to the NK cytolytic capability has been reported. Polyunsaturated fatty acid in food lowers the NK cell activities, while acute and subacute physical exercises significantly enhance the NK cell activities and the NK cell numbers in the peripheral blood, and a physical training protocol over a several-week period heightens the NK cell activities even among non-trained individuals. The association of the number of daily sleeping hours with the activities has not yet been elucidated. Stressful life events, daily hassles, mood, and a pattern of behavioural characteristics or personalities have been described as altering the NK cell activities and subpopulation frequencies. A well-designed cohort study involving psychoneuroimmunulogical approaches is expected to clarify the effects of individual lifestyles on the NK cell activites and populations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1171K) -
岸本 拓治, 福沢 陽一郎, 阿部 美代子, 橋本 道男, 多田 學1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1043-1050
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー内皮細胞由来弛緩因子(EDRF)に関する簡便な間接的測定方法を確立するために,ヒトおよび犬の冠動脈を用いて,トロンビンに対するヒトおよび犬の血小板の反応性を観察した。冠動脈の分離リングは犬と心臓移植患者から入手した。正常な内皮細胞を有する犬およびヒトの冠動脈を添加することにより,トロンビンにより引き起こされる血小板凝集を阻害したが,内皮細胞を剥離した冠動脈では,血小板凝集は阻害されなかった。サイクロオキシゲナーゼ阻害剤のインドメサシンで前処理した冠動脈では血小板凝集阻害作用が明らかに低下した。インドメサシンで前処理した冠動脈の抗血小板凝集作用は,EDRF産生の刺激剤であるアセチルコリンやヒスタミンにより,またEDRFの半減期の延長するスーパーオキシドディスムターゼにより増強したが,EDRFの阻害剤であるヘモグロビンにより抗血小板凝集作用は阻害された。これらの結果は,ヒト冠動脈の内皮細胞が犬冠動脈と同様にEDRFを産生し血小板凝集を阻害すること,またこの簡便な実験モデルは環境中の諸化学物質のヒト冠動脈由来EDRFへの影響を検討するために有効であることを示唆している。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (889K) -
棚田 成紀, 中村 武夫, 馬 小紅, 樋口 俊一, 三好 保, 田村 隆教, 今木 雅英1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1051-1056
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリー活性炭によるパラコート除去における塩化ナトリウムの促進効果について,吸着量および吸着速度の観点より考察した。
パラコート吸着量は,塩化ナトリウムの添加により増大した。平衡濃度1mg/Lにおける吸着量を比べると,0.1%の塩化ナトリウム添加で,無添加の場合より,約5倍高値を示した。
活性炭に対するパコートの吸着速度においても,塩化ナトリウムの添加により促進効果を認めた。0.1%および0.9%の塩化ナトリウム添加における速度定数は,無添加の場合より約1.4倍および2倍高値を示した。
活性炭によるパラコート除去において,塩化ナトリウム添加による促進効果が認められた。塩化ナトリウム添加により,溶液中のパラコートの解離が妨げられることによるものであると推察した。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (604K) -
森河 裕子, 中川 秀昭, 田畑 正司, 西条 旨子, 千間 正美, 北川 由美子, 河野 俊一, 寺西 秀豊, 城戸 照彦1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1057-1062
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーWe studied an outbreak of itai-itai disease in the Jinzu River basin, in Toyama, Japan. One hundred and fifty females recognized as itai-itai disease patients till by 1990 were studied for the ages and years of onset and residence in the cadmium-polluted area.
1. Cases were recognized from as early as 1929, increased gradually to the peak of 1955-1959 and rapidly decreased up to the 1970s.
2. It was found that the later the patients was born, the younger the age of onset, though there was no difference of ages of onset between the cases born in the 1910s and the cases born from 1920.
3. The onset of itai-itai disease was most frequently seen at 50-59 years of residence in the cadmium-polluted area. It was found that the later a person started to inhabit the cadmium-polluted area, the shorter the period of residence in the cadmium-polluted area up to onset of itai-itai disease.
4. Comparing the patients who inhabited the cadmium-polluted area from birth and those who had moved there from non-polluted areas, the age of onset was higher in the latter, but there were no significant differences in the period of residence up to onset.
From these findings, it appeared that itai-itai disease was not caused by aging, but by cadmium exposure starting from the 1910s.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (574K) -
松田 晋哉, 曽根 智史, 土井 徹, 華表 宏有1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1063-1070
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーSeasonal variation of mean birth weight in Okinawa was examined by a traditional time-series analysis, which decomposed the variation in a series into trends, seasonal variations, other cyclic changes, and remaining irregular fluctuations, based on the data in Vital Statistics from January 1974 to December 1983.
The seasonal index of mean birth weight showed a peak in winter to early spring and a bottom in summer with statistical significance. Previous reports have revealed that the gestational period is the most important factor associated with birth weight. Therefore, we carried out the time series analysis for the mean gestational period but could not observe seasonal periodicity in it. On the other hand, mean birth weight at 40 gestational weeks was significantly lower in summer. These results suggest that factors other than the gestational period, such as infectious diseases, nutritional conditions and so on, might play important roles in seasonal variations of mean birth weight in Okinawa.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (932K) -
石原 祐治, 山浦 由郎1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1071-1078
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe Incidence of mushroom poisoning was surveyed statistically from 1959 to 1988 in Japan. The results are summarized as follows:
1. During the past three decades, the total number of incidents of mushroom poisoning was 2, 096, which involved 10, 924 patients and 72 deaths. The average number of incidents was 70 cases per year, involving 364 patients and 2.4 deaths, and the number of incidents decreased gradually every year. Mushroom poisoning usually happened most frequently in September and October.
2. Considering regional differences, the incidence of mushroom poisoning was more frequent in the northeastern part of Japan than in the southwestern part. The incidences of mushroom poisoning in the prefectures of Nagano, Hokkaido, Niigata, Iwate and Fukushima were relatively high.
3. Three species of mushrooms, L. japonicus, R. rhodopolius (R. sinuatus) and T. ustale caused the majority of all poisonings.
4. The rates of total patients and fatalities for each type of poisoning, which were classified according to the symptoms caused, were 90.3% and 10.7% in the type with cholera-like symptoms, 90.2% and 0.2% in that with gastro-intestinal irritation, and 74.1% and 0% in that with neurological symptoms, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2980K) -
安藤 哲夫, 柳橋 次雄, 泊 惇, 脇阪 一郎1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1079-1087
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーMercury contents of samples of sea water and fish from Kagoshima Bay, sediments in rivers, and the surface soil from the area surrounding a waste incinerator in the city of Kagoshima were measured to search for the source of mercury in Kagoshima Bay. The results obtined were as follows:
1) Mercury contents of sea water samples at 26 stations in Kagoshima Bay ranged from 6.3 to 19.7ng/l. When the 26 stations were classified into four areas, the entrance, the middle and the interior of the Bay, and the water around the Sakurajima area, mercury contents of the samples from the last area were significantly higher than either at the entrance or in the interior of the Bay.
2) Mercury contents in the cardinal fish, Apogon notatus, were significantly higher than those in either the dragonet, Callionymus lunatus, or the sillaginoid, Sillago japonica. Merucury contents of fish from the Ushine coast station, the innermost part of the Bay, were significantly higher than those from the other collecting stations. Moreover, significant interactions between the species of fish and the sampling stations were detected, and mercury contents of cardinal fish from Ushine coast station were 6.7-fold higher than those from the sampling station at the mouth of the Shinkawa river.
3) River sediments obtained 1km from the mouth of each river contained from 4 to 96μg/kg of mercury. Mercury contents of the river sediments from the Wada river were higher than those from the other rivers examined.
4) Mercury contents obtained from the surface soils every 0.5km in eight directions, with the waste incinerator as the central point, ranged from 6 to 128μg/kg; however, neither distance nor direction showed significant differences.
Possible sources of mercury in Kagoshima Bay were mainly eruptive products of Mt. Sakurajima and partly man-made products such as mercury-containing pesticides. Mercury levels in the bay remain unchanged with a state of mercury balance between the eruptive products from the increasing activity of Mt. Sakurajima and the reduction of man-made ones by administrative control. Mercury in the environment of Kagoshima Bay should be monitored for the prevention of human disease caused by consuming mercury contaminated fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1109K) -
清水 英佑, 鈴木 勇司, 林 和夫, 安藤 皓章1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1088-1094
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn spite of strict laws prohibiting it, criminal cases involving marijuana abuse are increasing, resulting in a serious social problem in Japan. The most common method of ingestion is smoking, since abusers feel that this method produces quick psychological effects controversial. Marijuana is known to induce psychological addiction, but it's genotoxic effects are still argued. Marijuana smoking tar has been extracted from seized pipes. The amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the tar were weighed and the mutagenic activity was tested.
The results are as follows:
1) Five of the seven PAHs were detected in marijuana tar, although benzo (e) pyrene and perylene were not.
2) There was more pyrene than any other substance detected in the tar, with fluoranthene having the next highest concentration.
3) Mutagenic activity was observed in all samples, with relative mutagenic potency ranging from 0.03 to 1.59.
4) The type of smoking pipe and burning temperature may affect the mutagenic activity and the amount of PAH.
5) Since marijuana smoking tar contains carcinogens, promoters, and mutagens, there is a risk of developing cancer just as in the case of tobacco.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (826K) -
中村 裕之, 諸治 隆嗣, 中村 秀喜, 野原 聖一, 岡田 晃1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1095-1103
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the involvement of cerebral 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in whole-body vibration stress, DOPAC and VIP-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) in various discrete brain regions of rats exposed to whole-body vibration (4G, 20Hz, 90min) were assayed. The results showed that the whole-body vibration increased the DOPAC level in the frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens, but did not induce a concurrent change of VIP-LI in these regions. VIP-LI was significantly increased in the amygdala, and decreased in the hippocampus, accompanied by no significant change of DOPAC. These results show that whole-body vibration affects cerebral VIP neuron systems in addition to its nonspecific action, i. e. the activation of mesofrontal and mesoaccumbens dopamine neuron systems. It is assumed that the amygdalofugal VIP neuronal system is involved in the regulation of hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretions, and that VIP in the hippocampus plays a part in modulating the blood circulation in the cortex in whole-body vibration stress.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1073K) -
津島 弘文, 川上 泰彦, 兵藤 文則, 植木 絢子1992 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 1104-1109
発行日: 1992/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIn a previous study, we found that crocidolite (an asbestos fiber) had an inhibitory effect on the differentiation process of HL-60 cells induced by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Here we describe the cathepsin B-like enzyme in HL-60 cells and the changes of its activity during cell differentiation with or without crocidolite treatment. The cathepsin B-like enzyme in HL-60 cell extracts had almost the same characteristics as the already known cathepsin B as for the pH optima and the effects of proteinase inhibitors. The cathepsin B-like enzyme activity increased according to the cell differentiation induced by DMSO, however, its activity was depressed by crocidolite treatment.
On the basis of these results, it is shown that depression of the HL-60 cell differentiation by crocidolite is correlated with the decrease of cathepsin B-like enzyme activity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (573K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|