巻号一覧
48 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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大前 和幸1994 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 1017-1026
発行日: 1994/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーToluene diisocyanates (C6H3CH3(NCO)2, TDIs) are syntheytic low molecularweight organic chemicals with two highly reactive isocyanate groups (-NCO). Exposure to TDI can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and upper and lower respiratory tract, asthma-like responses, sensitive pneumonitis, and obstructive pulmonary function loss. In this paper, the exposure-effect relationships between long-term TDI exposure and its effect on pulmonary function are summarized by evaluating the results of cohort studies, including 2 cohort studies conducted by the author's research team, which were specially devoted to the exposure-effect relationships and were published at the end of 1992. By assessing the exposure-effect relationships, the current occupational exposure limit of TDI in Japan is discussed and a framework for the health checks on TDI-exposed workers is proposed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1279K) -
清原 千香子, 廣畑 富雄1994 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 1027-1036
発行日: 1994/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーLung cancer mortality has been increasing rapidly in recent years in Japan and is expected to exceed that of stomach cancer in male Japanese in the near future. Although chronic inhalation of cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for the development of lung cancer, it seems important to examine genetic susceptibility to the disease as well. Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), a drug-metabolism enzyme, is useful in determining the individual differences in genetic susceptibility to lung carcinogenesis.
AHH is a microsomal membrane-bound monooxygenase system located in most tissues of the body. In mice, AHH inducibility is under the control of the Ah locus and certain inbred strains of mice are susceptible to AHH induction by 3-methylcholanthrene treatment (Ah responsive strains), while other strains are not (Ah non-responsive strains). A strong correlation was observed between AHH inducibility and tumor incidence in mice. Since AHH is also responsible for the activation to carcinogens of benzo (a) pyrene and other aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke, it may also be important in humans in the causation of lung cancer.
Kellermann et al. investigated the genetics of AHH in a human population and reported that the inducibility of this enzyme was controlled by a single gene locus with 2 dominant alleles. They classified humans as having low, intermediate, or high inducibility of AHH. In addition, they reported a significant positive correlation between the extent of inducibility and susceptibility to lung cancer. Their claim, however, has been both supported and refuted by subsequent investigators.
Recently, a close association between development of lung cancer and three polymorphisms of CYP1A1 caused by the presence or absence of one MspI site in the 3'-flanking region, namely, a predominant homozygote pattern (A), a heterozygote pattern (B) and a homozygous rare allele pattern (C), has been reported. The relationship between AHH inducibility and polymorphisms of CYP1A1 had not been investigated previously. Our study indicated that the genotype of C, very frequent in Kreyberg type I, was closely related to high AHH inducibility. Thus, the relationship between ARE inducibility and lung cancer, suggested by Kellermann et al., is supported by our study. Further studies will be needed to confirm the present results. Identification of smokers who have genetically high susceptibility to lung cancer (pattern C), may become important for the prevention of lung cancer.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1250K) -
Katsushi YOSHITA, Hideaki NAKAGAWA, Masaji TABATA, Yuko MORIKAWA, Mune ...1994 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 1037-1047
発行日: 1994/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーA nutritional survey and questionnaire regarding dietary habits were administered to 649 men ranging in age from 35 to 64 years receiving a one-day health screening examination. First, comparisons of nutrient intake based on the nutrient rate of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for Japanese (RDA), and the total score on the questionnaire regarding dietary habits according to the RDA rates of total energy and calcium (Ca) were investigated. Then, the comparisons of intake of food groups, intake of nutrients and the total score on the questionnaire regarding dietary habits according to potassium/energy (K/E) ratio and phosphorus/calcium (P/Ca) ratio were determined. Last, differences between comparisons with the nutrient rates of RDA and comparisons with K/E ratio and P/Ca ratio were investigated.
The following results were obtained:
1. Even in the group with RDA rates of total energy or Ca of ≥90% and ≤110% the RDA rates of some other nutrients were out-side the appropriate range.
2. In the group with high K/E ratios, as compared to the group with low ratios, the intake of potatoes, pulses, fruits, green/yellow vegetables, other vegetables, soy sauce, other beverages, fish/shellfish, and milk products showed high values, while cereals and fats/ oils showed low values. For this reason, in the former group as compared to the latter, the intake and RDA total energy rate showed low values whereas the intake and RDA rates of nutrients such as Ca, Fe, and vitamin A were low.
3. In the group with high P/Ca ratios, as compared to the group with low ratios, the intake of beer and meats showed high values while that of pulses, green/yellow vegetables, and milk products showed low values. For this reason, in the former group as compared to the other groups, despite the fact that the intake and RDA total energy rate tended to be higher, the intake of nutrients such as Ca, P, K, and vitamin A showed lower values.
4. The RDA rates of all of the nutrients of group with a high K/E ratio and the group with a low P/Ca ratio generally showed largely appropriate values.
5. These results suggest that indices reflecting the balance of minerals such as the K/E and P/Ca ratios more objectively reflect the quality of nutrition than comparisons based on the RDA rates of total energy and specific-nutrient.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1317K) -
小笹 晃太郎, 渡辺 能行, 東 あかね, 梁 紅波, 林 恭平, 下内 昭, 青池 晟, 川井 啓市1994 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 1048-1057
発行日: 1994/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーReproducibility of results from a self-administered questionnaire on dietary habits (the frequency of taking various foods and eating habits), smoking and drinking was examined to study the reliability of the questionnaire, stability of lifestyle, and the validity of the questionnaire in assessing lifestyle as a risk factor in chronic diseases. The study sample included 120 males and 173 females in a rural town in Kyoto Prefecture, who participated in a series of three health examinations in 1988, 1989, and 1992. A survey using the same questionnaire was performed before each health examination. Reproducibility was assessed by correlation (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient or kappa coefficient), exact agreement of category answered, and comparison of mean frequency. An attempt was made to separate reliability and stability from reproducibility using the data from the questionnaire obtained in the three years.
Good reproducibility for one-year and four-year intervals was found for foods taken habitually or often (boiled rice, cooked rice gruel with tea, milk, coffee, fruits and bread), and habits (eating breakfast, some eating habits, smoking and drinking). The same was also found for cigaratte or alcohol consumption among current consumers except that cigarette consumption over a four-year interval was more likely to change. The reliability of the questionnaire and stability of these items were considered satisfactory, suggesting that the questionnaire was a valid method of assessing long-term lifestyle.
Poor reproducibility of results regarding consumption of green-yellow and other vegetables indicated both poor reliability and a change in consumption over four years, and suggested poor validity. However, disagreement in more than one category of vegetables was not large and misclassification in assessing them as risk factors and changes in frequency of consumption may not be large either.
Although correlation coefficients for the items of dairy food and eating snacks were fair, disagreement in more than one category was relatively large which may have caused misclassification. The mean frequency of consumption of pickles and fishpaste, ham or sausage significantly decreased over the four year interval. This may reflect the influence of health education on reducing salt intake.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1272K) -
上野 伸正, 中村 健一, 山下 均, 木崎 節子, 大河原 知水, 大野 秀樹1994 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 1058-1066
発行日: 1994/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーTo elucidate the mechanism of brown adipose tissue (BAT) enlargement, we investigated the effects of norepinephrine (NE) and insulin on the in vitro growth of rat brown adipose cells (RBAC) and the capillary growth in angiogenesis in vitro using co-culture of bovine capillary endothelial cells (BCEC) and rat smooth muscle cells. In the primary cell culture, NE significantly enhanced the growth of RBAC in the range of 10-9-10-5M, whereas it did not stimulate the growth of BCEC. Insulin showed the same trend. Moreover, both NE and insulin appeared to increase the expression of mRNA for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which is a potent angiogenic factor, in RBAC. At 4h after NE stimulation, the bFGF mRNA expression was considerably increased but it decreased markedly after 16h. These results suggest that the bFGF mRNA expression in RBAC is quickly simulated by NE, wih resulting bFGF production. Actually, bFGF stimulated the RBAC growth up to about 170% of the control level. However, neither NE nor insulin stimulated the expression of the bFGF gene in BCEC. On the other hand, NE notably increased the capillary growth in vitro compared with insulin.
It is thus possible that NE and insulin contribute to the growth of RBAC and endothelial cells partly through bFGF production by an autocrine mechanism, suggesting that both agonists play an important role not only in the thermogenic function of BAT but also in BAT enlargement.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3735K) -
広重 由可, 古田 瑞穂, 曽根 智史, 松田 晋哉, 土井 徹, 華表 宏有1994 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 1067-1076
発行日: 1994/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーAnnual trends of mean birth weight (MBW) at an obstetric facility in the city of Osaka were examined, based on the data in the delivery records for 30 years from January 1962 through December 1991. MBW at this facility had been decreasing during the years of 1975-1985, after being adjusted for parity (primipara/multipara) and the infants'sex. In addition, annual trends of the rate of intrauterine growth and mean gestational period, which are considered to be the two major processes to governing birth weight, were retarded or shortened during almost the same time. Among some possible factors with causal impacts on birth weight, the advance in maternal age, the lowered parity, and the increase in premature delivery may explain these findings. Additionally, it was suggested that the change of socio-economical environment, including the lifestyle of women, may have did not agree with the decreasing trends of MBW.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1210K) -
稲 恭宏, 町田 和彦, 鈴木 克彦, 塚本 和正1994 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 1077-1089
発行日: 1994/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of voluntary running exercise on health indexes in rats were studied before and after Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC)-induced inflammation. Male Fischer rats (SPF) 8 weeks of age were housed in individual sedentary cages (sedentary group) or in individual wheel-running cages (exercise group) for 4 months. Then all rats were injected with 20% SRBC (0.5ml/100g body weight) i. p.
Voluntary running activity averaged 1408m/day, reached a peak (2913m/day) at the 25th day and waned over time, reaching a plateau at the 60th day (about 1000m/day).
In spite of a significant increase in food intake (117%), exercising rats gained significantly less weight (93%) than sedentary rats at all times in experimental period. The exercise group also showed a significant decrease in the value of serum triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (T. CHO) (TG p<0.0002, T. CHO p<0.03).
The hematocrit (Ht) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were higher in the exercised rats, and at 4 days after i. p. SRBC, the difference became statistically significant (Ht p<0.0002, Hb p<0.003). Thus, protective effects against the decrease of Ht and Hb were demonstrated in the exercised group.
Perhaps this inflammation did not impair liver function severely; sedentary rats had normal or slightly higher levels of GOT and GPT. On the other hand, exercised rats had lower GOT and GPT. Significant differences were found between the groups (GOT, GPT p<0.0001).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1589K) -
足立 泰儀1994 年 48 巻 6 号 p. 1090-1098
発行日: 1994/02/15
公開日: 2009/02/17
ジャーナル フリーIt has been reported that the standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) of biliary tract cancer (BTC) (female gallbladder cancer (GBC) in particular) are high in the Niigata plain and low in other parts of Niigata Prefecture. Based on epidemiological studies, the presence of environmental water pollution by agricultural chemicals is likely to be associated with the occurrence of GBC, and one of the most suspected of these is a diphenylether herbicide, chlornitrofen (CNP).
The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether or not there was a difference in concentrations of CNP and its reduction product (CNP-amino) in river and faucet water between Niigata and Joetsu Cities, which are located in the Niigata plain and another part of Niigata, respectively. By employing a new method for CNP and CNP-amino extraction, the detection of CNP and CNP-amino was undertaken by using a gaschromatograph with an electroncapture detector.
The maximum levels of CNP concentrations were 871 and 554ng/l in river and faucet water, respectively on May 6, 1992 in Niigata City. The concentration of CNP in faucet water was well correlated with that in river water. In Joetsu City, the maximum concentration in river water was 183ng/l on May 6 and had decreased rapidly towards the background level on July 29, 1992. As to the concentrations of CNP in faucet water in Joetsu City, they fluctuated between the levels of 2 and 9ng/l. In the case of CNP-amino concentrations in faucet water, a clear-cut difference was evident between the two cities; 384ng/l in Niigata and under the quantity limit in Joetsu.
Examination of CNP and CNP-amino concentrations in faucet water was made in Murakami, Gosen and Kamo Cities, where the SMRs for female GBC were insignificant even in the midst of the Niigata plain. It was demonstrated that concentrations of CNP and CNP-amino were as low as in Joetsu City. The levels of pollution of faucet water with CNP and CNP-amino were well correlated with the SMRs of BTC, especially female GBC.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (946K)
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