巻号一覧
62 巻 (2007)
- 4 号 p. 939-
- 3 号 p. 881-
- 1 号 p. 3-
62 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1～8を表示しています
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総説
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加藤 昌志, 武田 湖州恵, 川本 善之, Hossain Khaled, 大神 信孝, 柳下 武士, 大嶋 雄一郎, 加藤 容子, 大神 ...2007 年 62 巻 1 号 p. 3-8
発行日: 2007/01/15
公開日: 2008/05/16
ジャーナル フリーWe previously established a RET-transgenic mouse line (304/B6), in which skin melanosis, benign melanocytic tumors and malignant melanoma spontaneously develop. We found that the activities of RET tyrosine kinase, Erk and c-Jun are definitely upregulated in malignant melanoma in the RET-transgenic mice of line 304/B6. We also established another RET-transgenic mouse line (192), in which skin melanosis and benign melanocytic tumors, but not malignant melanoma, spontaneously develop. Ultraviolet irradiation induced malignant melanoma from benign tumors in the RET-transgenic mice of line 192, and promoted RET tyrosine kinase, Erk and c-Jun activities. These results suggest that the ultraviolet irradiation-mediated enhancement of RET and the activity of its downstream molecules play important roles in malignant melanoma development.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2280K) -
石津 澄子, 橋田 ちせ2007 年 62 巻 1 号 p. 9-17
発行日: 2007/01/15
公開日: 2008/05/16
ジャーナル フリーBy examining historical documents regarding occupational bladder cancer in Japan, we interpreted and followed the progress made in developing preventive measures against the outbreak of occupational bladder cancer in Japanese dye industries after World War II, and documented how these measures became well organized. During Dr. M. H. C. Williams's, who was an industrial physician for the British ICI Company, occasional visits to Japan, he encouraged the enforcement of such measures, considering them to be as important in occupational health in Japan as in Western countries. He received permission to implement these measures in Japanese dye companies. A urine cell diagnostic system was already being employed in Japanese industries as a method of diagnosing occupational bladder cancer, and its use was promoted by engineers, urologists, and pathologists even before the Industrial Safety and Health Law was enacted in 1972. It took about 10 years for these measures to become standardized industry-wide. The use of these measures has had a considerable effect on the early diagnosis of patients and extended patients' life spans. Eventually, the life spans of such patients became approximately the same as that of the average Japanese male. Some patients unfortunately died of occupational bladder cancer. Others were examined using these measures not only while employed but also after retirement. Therefore, some patients in whom occupational bladder cancer was detected are still alive at over eighty years of age.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (914K) -
稲寺 秀邦, 内田 満夫, 下村 明子2007 年 62 巻 1 号 p. 18-31
発行日: 2007/01/15
公開日: 2008/05/16
ジャーナル フリーToxicology research can be applied to evaluate potential human health risks resulting from exposure to chemicals and other factors in the environment. The tremendous advances that have been made in high-throughput “omics” technologies (e.g., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) are providing good tools for toxicological research. Toxicogenomics is the study of changes in gene expression, protein and metabolite profiles, and combines the tools of traditional toxicology with those of genomics and bioinformatics. In particular, identification of changes in gene expression using DNA microarrays is an important method for understanding toxicological processes and obtaining an informative biomarker. Although these technologies have emerged as a powerful tool for clarifying hazard mechanisms, there are some concerns for the application of these technologies to toxicological research. This review summarizes the impact of “omics” technologies in toxicological study, followed by a brief discussion of future research.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1864K)
原著
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牟礼 佳苗, 竹下 達也, 森岡 郁晴, 有田 幹雄2007 年 62 巻 1 号 p. 32-38
発行日: 2007/01/15
公開日: 2008/05/16
ジャーナル フリーObjectives: To clarify the antioxidative effects of kakisu (persimmon vinegar), plasma antioxidant power and urinary oxidative stress level in healthy subjects were measured using enzyme immunological assays.
Methods: Eighty-one subjects (age 30-69, 58.4±0.8) were randomly divided into two groups using a crossover design. Group A drank kakisu for 56 days starting in March, whereas group B drank kakisu for 54 days starting in June. Copper reducing equivalent level in plasma was measured as antioxidant power, and urinary 8-isoprostane (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α) level was measured as oxidative stress marker.
Results: Baseline plasma antioxidant power and urinary 8-isoprostane level showed no significant correlation among the subjects in this study. By drinking kakisu for 8 weeks, total antioxidant power significantly increased, and urinary 8-isoprostane level decreased. Total antioxidant power increased more markedly in group A than in group B. In contrast, urinary oxidative stress level decreased more markedly in group B than in group A. Smoking habits significantly correlated with urinary 8-isoprostane level. Males were more sensitive to the antioxidative effects of kakisu than females.
Conclusions: Kakisu has antioxidative effects that increase plasma antioxidant power and reduce urinary 8-isoprostane level. Further study is needed to clarify the influence of season and gender on such antioxidative effects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1668K) -
亀 千保子, 馬場園 明, 山本 英二2007 年 62 巻 1 号 p. 39-46
発行日: 2007/01/15
公開日: 2008/05/16
ジャーナル フリーObjectives: Total cholesterol (TC) level reduction decreases coronary heart disease (CHD) risk, but it is also associated with an increase in non-CHD mortality rate. Our objectives are to estimate the effect of TC level reduction on total mortality and other mortalities in the Japanese population using published data and to analyze the cost-effectiveness of drug therapy.
Methods: We analyzed three data sets for the estimation. The first data set comprised Japanese mortality rates of cardiac diseases, cerebrovascular/other vascular diseases, malignancy, and all causes according to sex and age. The second data set comprised the distributions of serum TC levels in the Japanese population. The third data set comprised the relative risks of mortality rates for the above causes according to the TC level classified into discrete intervals of 20mg/dl from an intervention study. We estimated the mortality rates of people aged 30-69, with each TC level classification group on the basis of each cause. On the assumption that TC level decreases from 240-259mg/dl to 160-179mg/dl or 180-199mg/dl with drug therapy, we calculated the differences between the mortalities of the classification. When we found a positive effect of TC level reduction, we performed cost-effectiveness analyses of Number Needed to Treat (NNT).
Results: TC level reduction increased the mortality rates except for that of cardiac diseases, and the NNT for cardiac diseases was in the range of 4,202-17,533. The cost of simvastatin, for example, was 0.25-1.05 billion yen per year.
Conclusions: TC level reduction from 240-259mg/dl to 160-199mg/dl leads to an increase in total mortality rate in the Japanese population. The treatment should be reevaluated from both viewpoints of risk benefit and cost-effectiveness.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (955K) -
石榑 清司2007 年 62 巻 1 号 p. 47-57
発行日: 2007/01/15
公開日: 2008/05/16
ジャーナル フリー日々の学校管理下で発生している傷害が学校規模とどのような関連にあるかを検討する目的で, 滋賀県, 京都府, 大阪府の小学校計21校について, 1999年 (9校) および2004年 (12校) の10～11月の2ヶ月間にわたって, 保健室で対応, 処置したしたすべての傷害を記録・調査し, 各学校の傷害発生数, 受傷児童数と全校児童数および1クラス当り児童数との関連を検討した。
1) 調査期間中の各学校における1日当り児童100人当り傷害発生数は0.58～4.10件で, 21校の平均値では1.79件であった。
2) 全校児童数が200人未満 (小規模校), 200～400人未満 (中規模校), 400人以上 (大規模校) の学校規模別傷害発生数は, それぞれ2.36件, 1.29件, 1.57件で, 中規模校で低い傾向を示した。
3) 傷害発生数と学校規模要因との曲線回帰分析の結果, 傷害発生数は1クラス当り児童数との間で統計的に有意な二次回帰方程式および二次項偏回帰係数が得られ, 傷害発生数は1クラス当り児童数が26.7人の場合に最も小さい値を示した。傷害の発生は児童数が少なくても多くても増大することが示唆された。
4) 1日当り児童100人当り受傷児童数は, 小, 中, 大規模校それぞれ平均1.34人, 0.94人, 0.97人で, 小規模校で多少高い値を示した。また, 各学校の調査期間中における各児童の受傷回数は, 小規模校の場合, 同じ児童が複数回受傷するケースが多く, 中規模校では逆に少ない傾向が認められた。
5) 学校規模別傷害発生要因では, 小規模校の場合, 中, 大規模校にくらべて, 女子が男子より, また, 低学年ほど発生数が多かった。さらに, 創傷の発生頻度はより高かった。一方, 大規模校では小, 中規模校にくらべて, 休憩時間の発生ならびに校舎内の発生がより多かった。
6) 日々小学校で発生している (軽微な傷害を含む) 傷害発生頻度は, 共済給付金を申請するような比較的重症な傷害の発生頻度とは相違することが示唆された。抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1107K) -
渡辺 啓太, 柳瀬 香織, 大平 修二2007 年 62 巻 1 号 p. 58-63
発行日: 2007/01/15
公開日: 2008/05/16
ジャーナル フリーObjective: The objective of this study is to provide basic information on the metabolic fate of five trialkyltins, namely, trimethyltin, triethyltin, tripropyltin, tributyltin, and trioctyltin, in rats.
Methods: The levels of trialkyltin and its metabolites in the liver, kidneys, brain, and blood of rats and mice were determined 24h after single oral treatment with trimethyltin, triethyltin, tripropyltin, tributyltin, and trioctyltin by gas chromatography. The doses (as tin) of the trialkyltin compounds were 2.98mg/kg for trimethyltin and triethyltin, 18.23mg/kg for tripropyltin and tributyltin and 24.09mg/kg for trioctyltin.
Results: For the trimethyltin and triethyltin treatments, no metabolites of either trialkyltin accumulated in the organs, except for the kidney in the triethyltin treatment. The levels of trimethyltin and triethyltin in the blood of the rats were markedly higher than those of the mice. For the tripropyltin and tributyltin treatments, the predominant metabolites in the liver and kidneys were found to be dialkyltins. Furthermore, despite the higher dose, the level of total tin in the organs 24h after treatment with trioctyltin were markedly lower than those of the other trialkyltins tested.
Conclusion: There are clear differences in the metabolic fates of the tin metabolites of the five trialkyltins studied. These results should be considered when carrying out toxicological research on trialkyltins.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (706K) -
～地域分布の比較～菅原 亜紀子, 黄田 光博, 前田 享史, 神田 秀幸, 福島 哲仁2007 年 62 巻 1 号 p. 64-69
発行日: 2007/01/15
公開日: 2008/05/16
ジャーナル フリーObjective: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the statistics from three published reports on Parkinson's disease (PD) are mutually interrelated and to clarify the relationship between the prevalence statistics and mortality statistics of PD. These statistics included data on “number of patients with PD (PD Patients)”, “number of patients with PD receiving financial aid for treatment (PD Recipients)” as an indicator showing the prevalence of PD, and “number of deaths from PD (PD Deaths, i.e., mortality)”.
Methods: The data on PD Patients, PD Recipients and PD Deaths were cited from “Patient Survey” by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, a report by the Research Committee on Epidemiology of Intractable Diseases and “Vital Statistics of Japan” by Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, respectively. The expected PD Patients, PD Recipients and PD Deaths were calculated as products of their respective rates for the entire country and prefecture population, adjusting for a difference in population composition. Observed/expected number ratios (O/E ratio) of PD Patients, PD Recipients and PD Patients were calculated by prefecture. The correlation between the O/E ratios was examined. In addition, the relationships of the O/E ratios with the number of hospitals or physicians per person were examined.
Results: There were no significant correlations between the O/E ratios of PD Patients, PD Recipients or PD Deaths. The O/E ratio of PD Recipients significantly correlated with the numbers of hospitals and physicians per person.
Conclusion: PD Patients and PD Recipients were included in number of people with PD and PD Deaths was derived from people with PD. However, these statistics do not necessarily reflect the prevalence of PD in each prefecture. When using these published statistics as an indicator of the prevalence of PD, it is necessary to clarify the purpose of their use and to comprehend their characteristics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1361K)
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