巻号一覧
70 巻 (2015)
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70 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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ミニ特集 環境発がんと衛生～ヒ素研究の視点から～
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梅村 朋弘2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 175
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (328K) -
加藤 昌志, 小又 尉広, 飯田 真智子, 熊坂 真由子, 大神 信孝, 李 香, 鄒 存超, 中野 千尋, 加藤 容子, 大神 恭子, 大 ...2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 176-180
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーEnvironmental factors affecting human health are generally classified into physical, chemical and biological factors. In this review article, we focus on ultraviolet (UV) as a physical factor, heavy metals as a chemical factor and Japanese cedar pollens as a biological factor. Since we believe that progress based on both fieldwork research and experimental research is essential in hygiene study, we included the results of both the research approached. We first introduced the mechanism of development of and prevention of UV-mediated skin melanoma in our experimental research after showing our epidemiological research on UV-mediated DNA damage in humans. We then introduced our evaluation of toxicity and development of a remediation system in our experimental research on heavy metals after showing our fieldwork research for the monitoring of drinking water from wells in Asian countries. We finally introduced the results of pathogenic analysis of pollinosis in our clinical study. We would be very happy if young researchers would re-realize the importance of experimental research as well as epidemiological research in hygiene study.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (501K) -
鈴木 武博, 野原 恵子2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 181-185
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーNaturally occurring inorganic arsenic is known to increase the risk of cancers of the skin and several other organs, including the urinary bladder, lung, and liver. Epidemiological studies have also indicated that gestational arsenic exposure is associated with increased incidences of cancers in several organs, including the bladder and liver, in adulthood. Previous studies have shown that epigenetic changes are involved in arsenic-induced carcinogenesis. Among epigenetic changes, DNA methylation changes that are specific to arsenic-induced tumors would be useful for distinguishing such tumors from tumors induced by other factors and for clarifying arsenic carcinogenesis. It has been reported that gestational arsenic exposure of C3H mice, whose males tend to spontaneously develop liver tumors, increases the incidence of tumors in the male offspring. Using the same experimental protocol, we found a number of regions where the DNA methylation status was altered in the liver tumors compared with the normal liver tissues by the methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP)-CpG island microarray method. Among such regions, we demonstrated using real-time methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing that a gene body region of the oncogene Fosb underwent alteration in DNA methylation following gestational arsenic exposure. We also showed that the Fosb expression level significantly increased following gestational arsenic exposure. These findings suggest that the DNA methylation status of the Fosb region is implicated in tumor augmentation and can also be utilized for characterizing tumors induced by gestational arsenic exposure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (825K) -
阿草 哲郎, 國頭 恭, TUE Nguyen Minh, LAN Vi Thi Mai, MINH Tu Binh, TRANG Pham ...2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 186-196
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーArsenic metabolism affects the susceptibility of humans to arsenic toxicity; therefore, clarification of the factors associated with individual variations in arsenic metabolism is an important task. Genetic polymorphisms such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT), which can methylate arsenic compounds using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet), have been reported to modify arsenic methylation. In this review, we summarize studies conducted by us in Vietnam and by others on the association of AS3MT genetic polymorphisms with arsenic metabolism as well as human health effects. Most of the SNPs in AS3MT showed inconsistent results in terms of genotype-dependent differences in arsenic metabolism among the studies. However, AS3MT 12390 (rs3740393) and 14458 (rs11191439) were consistently related to arsenic methylation regardless of the study population: AS3MT 12390 (rs3740393) affected the second step of methylation of arsenic, whereas 14458 (rs11191439) affected the first methylation step.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (769K)
学会賞受賞論文
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―新しいNASHモデル動物からのアプローチ―那須 民江, 内藤 久雄2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 197-204
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease in humans having a broad spectrum of liver histology from simple fatty liver to mixed inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, NASH), which is a more severe and progressing form. NASH/NAFLD is significantly associated with lifestyle such as diet and exercise, obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. Age and gender are also associated with the development. On the other hand, NAFLD has been found in a high percentage of nonobese individuals in the Asia-Pacific area. Some characteristic animal models of NAFLD/NASH have been developed to clarify the pathogenesis of human NAFLD/NASH. We have recently developed a novel NASH rat model (stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, SHRSP5/Dmcr), which showed hepatic steatosis and inflammation at 2 weeks, ballooning, macrovesicular steatosis and fibrosis at 8 weeks, and bridging fibrosis at 14 weeks by feeding of high-fat and -cholesterol (HFC) diet alone. This animal model does not have obesity, insulin resistance or diabetes. Therefore, this may be an excellent animal model of human NASH/NAFLD without obesity and diabetes. Sex and strain differences observed in fibrogenesis by the HFC diet in SHRSP5/Dmcr may be associated with the sensitivity to detoxification enzymes in the liver, because the levels of UGP-glucuronosyltransferase and sulfotransferase and their regulating nuclear receptors only decreased in male SHRSP5/Dmcr rats, but not in female and SHRSP rats. This suggests the importance of phase II reactions of drug-metabolizing enzymes in NASH progression. Importantly, SHRSP5/Dmcr rats are spontaneously hypertensive; therefore, when we use the original strain Wistar Kyoto, which has normal blood pressure, the involvement of blood pressure in the development of human NASH/NAFLD may also be clarified.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2073K) -
吉村 健清2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 205-210
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーDuring my academic career for more than 40 years, I was involved in 18 epidemiological field studies, partially or fully. Among these field studies, four (1. Medical services in remote rural areas in Okinawa, 2. Yusho episode, 3. JICA Onchocerciasis Control Project in Guatemala, and 4. Miyako cohort study in Fukuoka) are introduced in this paper, including the latest situation after the presentation. Through these field works experienced by the author, the following lessons were gained. 1. Strong human reliance between researchers and the targeted population is essential in carrying out epidemiological surveys successfully in the field. 2. Data obtained from the survey should be carefully examined and analyzed so that those data may reflect the real situation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (678K)
総説
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外田 洋孝, 廣岡 茂樹, 折田 博之, 若林 一郎2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 211-219
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic obstructive disease of the arteries in lower extremities. Patients with PAD show high rates of mortality from coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. Smoking as well as diabetes is an important risk factor for PAD. A lesion of PAD in the lower extremities tends to be more proximal in smokers than in nonsmokers and to be more distal in patients with diabetes than in nondiabetics. By a systematic review, the odds ratio for PAD of smokers vs nonsmokers has been reported to be in the range of 1.7–7.4. Previous epidemiological studies suggest a stronger association of smoking with PAD than that with CAD. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule suppressing the progression of atherosclerosis, but this function is compromised by smoking. Smoking decreases the bioactivity of NO and the expression level of NO synthase. In addition, smoking results in deteriorations of risk factors for atherosclerosis such as decreases in blood HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol and tissue plasminogen activator levels and increases in the levels of blood triglycerides, LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, fibrinogen and the von Willebrand factor. Thus, smoking increases blood coagulability and deteriorates the blood lipid profile, resulting in thrombogenetic proneness and dyslipidemia. Smoking also increases the generation of atherogenic oxidized LDL in blood and decreases antiatherogenic prostacyclin production in the vascular endothelium. Smoking cessation is important for the prevention and therapy of PAD, and to this end, counseling by physicians and nicotine replacement therapy are useful and strongly recommended for patients with PAD.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (795K) -
嵯峨井 勝, ウィンシュイ ティンティン2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 220-229
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーTraffic-related air pollution is a major contributor to urban air pollution. Diesel exhaust (DE) is its most important component of near-road and urban air pollutions and is commonly used as a surrogate model of air pollution in health effects studies. In particular, diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) and nanoparticles in DEPs are the components considered hazardous for health. It is widely known that exposure to DEPs is associated with mortality caused by respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Recently, evidence has been accumulating showing that DEPs and nanoparticles may cause neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we introduce evidence suggesting their association with these disorders. The chemical components and the translocation of DEPs and nanoparticles to the brain are described in part 1. In part 2, we introduce the mechanism of development of neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease via oxidative stress and inflammatory events. Furthermore, there are many lines of epidemiological evidence showing that the particulates impair cognitive function and ability of memory through oxidative and inflammatory events in the brain. These lines of evidences are supported by many animal experiments on neurological disorders.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1067K)
原著
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中島 尚登, 矢野 耕也, 長澤 薫子, 小林 英史, 横田 邦信2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 230-241
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーObjectives: A difference in the medical treatment situation between the first group and the second group of the hospital group in the DPC system was clarified using Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) survey data according to Major Diagnostic Category (MDC). Furthermore, the division between the first group and the second group was examined. Methods: DPC survey data collected in 2012 was used. According to MDC, significant differences in the patient ratio of hospitalization, the number of planned hospitalizations, the number of emergency hospitalizations, the number of ambulance conveyances, and the number of treatments were considered. Then, by the Mahalanobis–Taguchi method, distributions of the Mahalanobis distance and item choice according to MDC were considered. Results: Many items according to MDC showed significant differences between the first group and the second group. The Mahalanobis distance was increased by MDC 16 disease when divided by the Mahalanobis distance of 1.0 between the first group and the second group. The item, which contributed to the calculation of the Mahalanobis distance by item choice, varied and showed a difference between the first group and the second group. Conclusions: The second group was authorized by the hospital followed by the first group. However, the results showed significant differences in the number of DPC survey data and the Mahalanobis distance of many items.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5519K) -
森岡 郁晴, 宇田 賀津, 山本 美緒2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 242-248
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーObjectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the contamination and cleaning of touch panels used in everyday life and the awareness of persons in charge and users of devices about contamination. Methods: Samples from touch panels were cultured to detect viable bacteria (n=132), Staphylococcus aureus (n=66) and Escherichia coli (n=64). A questionnaire survey was conducted on persons in charge and users of the devices on the day of sampling. Results: Viable bacterial cells were detected in more than 90% of the automatic teller machines (ATMs) at banks, the ticket machines at stations, and the copy machines at convenience stores. S. aureus and E. coli were detected in more than one-half of such devices examined. The detection rate of viable bacterial cells in smartphones was 57.5% and was lower than those in other devices. More than 65% of the ATMs, ticket machines, and copy machines were cleaned once or twice a day. More than one-half of the users of smartphones or button-type mobile phones did not clean their devices. Those who did not aware about the contamination of touch panels were 46.6% of the persons in charge and 38.2% of the users. Conclusion: It is necessary to examine the suitable number of times and methods of cleaning of touch panels and to raise the awareness of persons in charge or users of such devices about contamination.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (809K) -
坂元 宏成, 内山 茂久, 木原 顕子, 都竹 豊茂, 戸次 加奈江, 稲葉 洋平, 中込 秀樹, 欅田 尚樹2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 249-258
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーObjectives: Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a major concern, because people on average spend the vast majority of their time indoors and they are repeatedly exposed to indoor air pollutants. In this study, to assess indoor air quality in Chiba City, gaseous chemical compounds were surveyed using four types of diffusive sampler. Methods: Gaseous chemical compounds such as carbonyls, volatile organic compounds (VOC), acid gases, basic gases, and ozone were measured in indoor and outdoor air of 50 houses throughout Chiba City in winter and summer. Four types of diffusive sampler were used in this study: DSD-BPE/DNPH packed with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine and trans-1,2-bis(2-pyridyl)ethylene-coated silica for ozone and carbonyls; VOC-SD packed with Carboxen 564 particles for volatile organic compounds; DSD-TEA packed with triethanolamine-impregnated silica for acid gases; and DSD-NH3 packed with phosphoric acid-impregnated silica for basic gases. Results: Almost all compounds in indoor air were detected at higher concentrations in summer than in winter. However, the nitrogen dioxide concentration in indoor air particularly increased only in winter, which well correlated with the formic acid concentration (correlation coefficient=0.974). The compound with the highest concentrations in indoor air was p-dichlorobenzene, with recorded levels of 13,000 μg m–3 in summer and 1,100 μg m–3 in winter in indoor air. Conclusions: p-Dichlorobenzene in summer and nitrogen dioxide in winter are detected at markedly high concentrations. Pollution control and continuous monitoring of IAQ are indispensable for human health.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1263K) -
戸田 雅裕, 西尾 信宏, 竹下 達也2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 259-263
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーObjectives: We designed a scale to gauge smartphone dependence and assessed its reliability and validity. Methods: A prototype self-rating smartphone-dependence scale was tested on 133 medical students who use smartphones more frequently than other devices to access web pages. Each response was scored on a Likert scale (0, 1, 2, 3), with higher scores indicating greater dependence. To select items for the final scale, exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Results: On the basis of factor analysis results, we designed the Wakayama Smartphone-Dependence Scale (WSDS) comprising 21 items with 3 subscales: immersion in Internet communication; using a smartphone for extended periods of time and neglecting social obligations and other tasks; using a smartphone while doing something else and neglect of etiquette. Our analysis confirmed the validity of the different elements of the WSDS: the reliability coefficient (Cronbach’s alpha) values of all subscales and total WSDS were from 0.79 to 0.83 and 0.88, respectively. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the WSDS is a useful tool for rating smartphone dependence.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (581K)
資料
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堀江 早喜, 竹内 真純, 山岡 和枝, 野原 理子, 蓮沼 直子, 冲永 寛子, 野村 恭子2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 264-270
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーObjectives: This study aims to develop a scale of “women-doctor-friendly working conditions in a hospital setting”. Methods: A task team consisting of relevant people including a medical doctor and a hospital personnel identified 36 items related to women-doctor-friendly working conditions. From December in 2012 to January in 2013, we sent a self-administered questionnaire to 807 full-time employees including faculty members and medical doctors who worked for a university-affiliated hospital. We asked them to score the extent to which they think it is necessary for women doctors to balance between work and gender role responsibilities on the basis of the Likert scale. We carried out a factor analysis and computed Cronbach’s alpha to develop a scale and investigated its construct validity and reliability. Results: Of the 807 employees, 291 returned the questionnaires (response rate, 36.1%). The item-total correlation (between an individual item score and the total score) coefficient was in the range from 0.44 to 0.68. In factor analysis, we deleted six items, and five factors were extracted on the basis of the least likelihood method with the oblique Promax rotation. The factors were termed “gender equality action in an organization”, “the compliance of care leave in both sexes and parental leave in men”, “balance between life events and work”, “childcare support at the workplace”, and “flexible employment status”. The Cronbach’s alpha values of all the factors and the total items were 0.82–0.89 and 0.93, respectively, suggesting that the scale we developed has high reliability. Conclusions: The result indicated that the scale of women-doctor-friendly working conditions consisting of five factors with 30 items is highly validated and reliable.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (625K)
論壇
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二塚 信2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 271-276
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーLarge-scale food poisoning caused by methylmercury was identified in Minamata, Japan, in the 1950s (Minamata Disease). Although the diagnostic criteria for the disease was controversial and difficult during that time, we, the Kumamoto University Study Group, carried out a large-scale study to assess the clinical features in 1972–1973. The author tried to reassess the results of that study to appraise the diagnostic criteria established in 1977 on the basis of those results. A substantial number of residents in the exposed area exhibited neurologic signs, especially paresthesia of only the extremities, namely, the male residents of Minamata City showed a positive predictive value of 0.73 and a negative predictive value of 0.23. The relative risks of paresthesia only were 2.6 (2.0–3.3) and 1.2 (0.9–1.5), in Minamata and Goshonoura related to Ariake (control), respectively. At least until 1977, the diagnostic criteria remained valid, although it was inadequate. Nevertheless, presently, a follow-up study of the certified patients may lead to the development of efficient new diagnostic criteria.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (650K)
謝辞
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2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 277
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (135K)
編集後記
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田邉 剛2015 年 70 巻 3 号 p. 278
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/09/26
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (176K)
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