人文地理
Online ISSN : 1883-4086
Print ISSN : 0018-7216
ISSN-L : 0018-7216
39 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
  • 山根 拓
    1987 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 1-24
    発行日: 1987/02/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The post office network has been developing in Japan since 1871. In the formation of this network, the post office has contributed to the formation of modern spatial organization in Japan. In order to explain this geographical situation concretely, the distribution of this communication facility during different development periods is compared with the growth of central places and the distribution of other public facilities, and so the hierarchical linkages in the postal system are presented as one example of a modern integrated system formed by rational interregional relations. This paper discusses these points based on a case study of Hiroshima Prefecture.
    The results obtained are as follows:
    (1) The history of the post office network can be divided into three phases (1871-1900; 1900-1945; 1945-), according to features of its growth.
    a) Before 1882, the post office network was developed in many places at the same time. This sudden expansion was caused by historical and political conditions in the Meiji era and the introduction of post office management by contractors. After 1882, a number of post offices were closed because of the contractors' financial difficulties. During the Meiji era, post offices developed in central places belonging to higher class than the lower order central places where primary schools and/or village offices were located.
    b) In the second phase (1900-1945) the post office network became denser. A number of non-collection-delivery post offices were concentrated in densely populated urban areas. On the other hand 70% of the settlements in rural areas having a town office or village office got post offices. The allocation of collection-delivery offices was nearly completed during this phase. The reformation of postal districts was carried out in order to bring them into conformity with administrative districts and the homogeneity of each area.
    c) The reopening of closed post offices in war-damaged cities (e. g. Hiroshima) characterized the locational development of these facilities in the postwar period. However the basic locational development pattern did not change. In urban areas the distribution of post offices has become denser in city centers and then expanded to suburban areas. Today most of the lower order central places in rural areas have also received post offices. Depopulation in rural mountainous areas has caused some closures of post offices in recent years. These closures will probably have an important effect on the locational development of post offices in the near future.
    (2) The hierarchical linkage among post offices is made clear by analyzing the internal organization of postal services. As indicators of this system, the grade of post offices, mail routes, the flow of funds used in post offices, and some designated post office were selected. As a result, it was found that the hierarchical linkage, which included the Hiroshima office as a first order center, and Kure, Fukuyama, Onomichi and Miyoshi offices as second order centers, has been formed and tightened in relation to modernization of the central place system. Especially, the centrality of the Fukuyama and Miyoshi offices has increased in recent years. Additionally, since the 1930's third order centers have began to appear, for example Mihara, Takehara, and Shobara offices. They have been established in central places reorganized as municipalities since the 1930's and had their status raised to ordinary post offices in the 1940's.
    Two aspects of the post office -its locational development and its hierarchical integration-were dealt with. These two aspects of the post office indicate effects of national policy and the reformation of the regional system at the same time.
  • 北村 修二
    1987 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 25-40
    発行日: 1987/02/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 琵琶湖岸における村落調査より
    大槻 恵美
    1987 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 41-53
    発行日: 1987/02/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 山下 宗利
    1987 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 54-69
    発行日: 1987/02/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Many studies have been done on land use patterns in the CBD. In such studies the dominant use in each building is used to represent all the spatial use of the structure. However, the CBD is characterized by high-rise buildings where the spatial use may differ from one floor to another. The purpose of the present paper is to clarify spatial use in the core of Osaka's CBD called Senba. For this purpose, the author undertook field surveys on the floor use of almost all the buildings in Senba. Seventeen spatial-use maps were drawn by floor (B4F-13F) (see Figures 8 through 11).
    Senba was a townsmen's residential district developed originally in the Toyotomi era (about 1590). Streets running from east to west were called tori or dori, and those from north to south, suji. Most shops kept their fronts on the tori, for the tori was the major street. Then Sakai-suji and Mido-suji were widened in the Taisho era (1912) and the Showa era (1937) respectively, forming the most important streets in Osaka City. Senba has developed as the economic center of Osaka, the second largest city in Japan, with the concentration of big companies along the three main streets (Mido-suji, Sakai-suji, and Tosabori-dori).
    The results of this study are summarized as follows:
    1. Many high-rise buildings are concentrated along the main streets, especially Mido-suji. However, off the main streets low and small Japanese-style wooden houses predom-inate even within the core in Osaka's CBD. This phenomenon is found along the narrow streets of suji and in the Yokobori district at the western edge of the study area (Figure 5). On the other hand, the buildings along the tori are generally larger than those along the suji. Such differences are mainly due to the original block shapes formed in the Toyotomi era.
    2. In the Doshomachi district, parking lots have been provided in the buildings with the construction of higher and larger structures. Open-air parking lots also make use of many sites after low-story buildings are torn down (Figure 6). These open-air parking lots, however, are only temporary, for they are to be converted into new high-rise buildings in the near future. Therefore, the spatial use pattern in the CBD is taking a different form with the increase of parking space. The residential space is now decreasing, while the office and warehouse space are greatly increasing together with the parking space. This phenomenon signifies the transformation of the center of a large city from residential space to office, parking, and warehouse space, creating a population vacuum.
    3. Some characteristics of the spatial use can be seen at the core in Osaka's CBD. There is a great difference in spatial use patterns between the area facing the main streets (Mido-suji, Sakai-suji, and Tosabori-dori) and the area surrounded by such streets. On the main street, financial offices such as banks, stock companies, and insurance companies are concentrated in high-rise buildings. Such buildings are occupied almost entirely by financial offices excep the underground areas which are used as warehouse or parking space. Off the main streets, the mixed spatial use pattern is typical with restaurants, retail stores, small parking lots, and houses (Figure 9). Such areas surrounded by the main streets have spatial uses of lower order functions complementing those along the main streets. This distinctive difference is a reflection of the land values (Figure 4). Around the subway stations, the first floor and underground floors are mainly occupied by restaurants and shops. These commercial uses make the most of high accessibility to the subway terminals.
  • 報告・討論の要旨および座長の所見
    1987 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 70-84
    発行日: 1987/02/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1987 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 84-89
    発行日: 1987/02/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1987 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 89-92
    発行日: 1987/02/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 小田 匡保
    1987 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 92-93
    発行日: 1987/02/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
feedback
Top