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Volume 6, Issue 1
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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An Example from Noto Peninsula, Ishikawa PrefectureShinzo KIUCHI1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 1-13,83
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFuture Japanese population estimated by the Research Institute for Population Problems, will be 100, 000, 000 at 1970-75, and 20, 000, 000 peoples will want new employments. This number cannot be checked with birth control or other methods of restriction. Our village population is too crowded as to its cultivated fields, therefore the percentage of agricultural and forestry population shall be decreased to less than 48% (including fishing) of 1950 census. Cities will share more than the rate of national increase. It is the metropolitan districts that be able to absorb population from the viewpoint of industrial location, but their residential accomodations, transportation facilities, and etc. are poor, so overcrowding of population in great cities will be earlier revealed than the national one. A solution is to develop satellite cities in metropolitan districts, and the second is to aid the growth of great cities out of the metropolitan districts-Toyko-Yokohama, Osaka-Kobe, Nagoya, and Northern Kyushu. The third is the strong support for the development of local small and middle cities which have direct and intimate relationships with rural districts.
As an example, Nanao city, Ishikawa Prefecture, has been researched, with the result that its area of population supply is small and centripetal force is weak. Much kinds of seasonal migration of population such as “Toji” (sake brewer), fishing, labour in public bath house, and etc. have been originated in the poorness of villages especially in such an area of Hokuriku District, difficult to get works in winter, but also in the lack of adequate urban centers to digest population flow from surrounding rural area.View full abstractDownload PDF (1321K) -
Kawachi-Konoike-reclaimed Land, Osaka PrefectureMasaharu IKEURA1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 13-27,83
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCovering the lowest part where there used to be Shinkaiike Pond, of Kawachi Province (a part of Osaka Prefecture), the so-called Konoikereclaimed land, as spacious as 180-chobu or 450 acres, was put into shape in 1707 (the 4th year of Hoyei) by Konoike, one of the wealthiest merchants in Osaka.
According to the old documents and maps in possession of the Konoike Family, the reclaimed land was divided by irrigation canals into 38 blocks, for instance, Naka-1, Naka-2, etc., each block being sub-divided into 3-7 units (A, B, C-D, E, F, G), and each unit being further divided into a number of strips such as No.1, No.2 etc. So a strip of land was identified, for instance, by such code number as “Naka 8-A-3”.
At the time when the land was leased for the first time, it was not uncommon that a strip was in such an odd size as 3-ken by 60-ken, or 5.5m by 110m. Frequent changes, however, took place in land allotment.
In order to investigate the cause of such frequent changes, the writer analized the nature of the tenants, the land assignment to them and the system governing the latter, and reached a conclusion that the management by the Konoike Family had the aspect of capitalistic enterprise based on the feudal farming community of modern times, that the land allotment corresponded to the social and economic structure of management, and that the frequent alternation of land allotment was conducted chiefly by the tenants themselves for convenience' sake.View full abstractDownload PDF (1742K) -
Senkichi DOI1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 28-40,84
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is an important problem of agricultural geography in Japan to study the mountain agriculture in this country having few plains. The writer, studying the Mountain agriculture at Naka-Iya, has found several interesting phenomena as follows:
1) All of the settelments and cultivated lands are located on steep slopes almost 20-40°, see Tab. 1). One can get there on foot only by some mountain passes higher than 1, 000m above sea level. Accordingly, it costs a great deal to transport every goods to and from the outside.
2) The productive power of land is very low, owing to climatic conditions together with the inferior fretility of soils resulting from severe soil erosion.
3) The technical backwardness of agriculture aggravates the lowness of the natural productive power; e. g. the lack of attention to warming the irrigation-water, no pretention against soil erosion, use of indigenous species of crop, etc.
4) The population is too great for the cultivated area on the one hand, and its location prohibits the people to engage in any other occupation than agriculture on the other, accordingly the scale of agriculture is very small. It seems to me that the people have been able to maintain the largest crop yield, conquering the technical inferiority and the low natural potentialities only by the most intensive labour.
5) Most of the cultivated lands are normal fields and yakihata (burning cultivation field) called kona, paddy-fields being very few. Barley, wheat, tobacco, sweet potato and mitsumata (from the bark of which Japanese paper is made) are the staple products there.
6) Cheap in transportation cost relatively to its weight, tobacco has been the most important cash crop since about four hundred years ago. It was grown on the more than half of the normal fields by all farmers. But in and after the wartime, its area was reduced to the present acrage of tobacco which is less than a quarter of the prosperous time (Fig.2). Sweet potato has been taking the place of it on account of the bad conditions of food supply, changes of their prices and the large new demands of labour (lumbering and constructing of dam).
7) Natural grasses, useful as the roof material, fertilzer, and fodder, are so abundant that it is quite free for every one to mow the grass over “Iriaichi” (communal grassland).
8) There remains a custom of labour rent (the old tenancy system whose farm rent is paid by labour) a kind of serf-system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1450K) -
Kenichiro TANABE1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 40-46,85
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOwing to its peculiar configuration of the ground, land utilization of a peneplain is markedly different from the one common to other areas in our country. So, here in this thesis, I am to take Yuki, Toyomatsu and neibourhood in Bingo District (Hiroshima Pref.) as an example of a region where characteristics of a peneplain are most remarkably observed, and study the form of the peneplain.
Being of 460-580 metres height, the peneplain is marked by entangled masses of small valleys and low hills. The valleys are utilized as a paddyfield and a glass plot, and the hills as a farm, a pasture-ground and a forest. The land utilization of a valley which extends north and south is generally as follows. Namely, the bottom of the valley is used for a paddy-field, the south side slope (slope in the shade) for a glass plot, the north side slope (slope in the sun) for a farm and a pasture-ground, and the top and the inclined plane in the shade are used for forests. However, these are all on a small scale, and being divided into numerous blocks, they are intricated. The area of the blocks is, on an average, two cho of farm, there cho of pasture-ground and fifty cho of forest.
Therefore, the pasture-ground being inadequate for grazing horses, it has been used for depasturing cattles. This area is a chief producing district of wagyu (indigenous cattle), and is a typical region where a glass plot is attached to a paddy-field.
Farm houses are located within the farm blocks. These farm blocks are of various, and a farm house or two are attached to each of the blocks. The land they cultivate is limited within their respective blocks, and farmer in each block are mostly independent. So, from a viewpoint of form of villages and farm system, this is a representative area of scattered groups of farms. A pasture-ground is also attached to the block, and divided into many sections. The following tells how the farm land is situated in general. There is a farm around the farmhouse, a paddy-field and a glass plot in front of the house, a pasture-ground at the back, and forest at the circumference of the house. In short, with a farm house as the kernel, working land of farmers is grouped around it, and each house is almost cut off from the rest of the world.
As in the case of the form of farm houses, the roads are also divided into a great many narrow paths, and no trunk line is seen. As well as the above-mentioned form of villages, this kind of traffic routes seem to have given a great influence upon the socety of the villages.View full abstractDownload PDF (920K) -
[in Japanese]1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 47-49
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 49-51
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 51-53
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 54-76
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 77
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 77a
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 77b
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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[in Japanese]1954 Volume 6 Issue 1 Pages 78
Published: April 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: April 28, 2009
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