Below is the author's explanation of the regional structure of the districts that produce agricultural products according to the location theory of agricultural production.
Since the economic rent to produce product B for a territory which is some distance away from a city and which is defined by geographic points X₁ and X₂ is higher than for the production of other products, this territory must be the best place for the production of product B (Fig. 3). This is the producing district of agricultural product B. In reality, not only agricultural product B, but also product A or product C is produced in this region. According to the agricultural managements of this territory, the amount of product B is the highest in the place designated as X_b, which is located between X₁ and X₂. Since the proceeds from product B in X_b is highest, it is seldom subrogated for other products. The author called X_b as the core of the producing district. As one moves away from X_b toward X₁ or X₂, the degree of occurence of product B with product A or C increases. The author designated this as the circumference part of the producing district of product B.
There are different types of producer communities and system for sales in the interior of the citrus producing district if the district is considerably vast. Almost all of the farmers in the core of the citrus producing district plant Satsuma orange since it brings in much profits. Since the farmers have only a small capital, they strengthen the organization of the Agricultural Cooperative Association. They sell their products through this organization. As much as possible the Agricultural Cooperative Association sends their products to markets in large cities such as Tokyo. Sale through the Agricultural Cooperative Association is remarkable in the core of the producing district but becomes less marked as one moves away from it in the circumference of the producing district. The number of farmers who plant citrus in the latter are few and careful consideration must be paid to products other than citrus. Merchants who live in the towns near the circumference part of the producing district buy and collect the products. Unlike the Agricultural Cooperative Association these merchants do not send the products to markets located in large cities. They tend to send them to farther markets such as Hokkaido.
In Japan, fruit trees are ordinarily planted in mountain slopes or hills (Fig. 5, 7). The roads for agricultural use in the core of the citrus producing district are paved and freight trucks often pass (Fig. 5). Old-moded means of transport as overhead freight-carrying cables are decreasing. The farmers prevent their orchards cooperatively from the damages by blight and noxious insects. Pipes through which agricultural medicines pass to every field ramify like wire mesh on the mountain slopes (Fig. 4). In comparison with the communal productive efforts in the core of the producing district, those in the circumference part are individual. Roads for agricultural use in the latter are narrow and unpaved. Transportation depends upon individually-owned overhead freight-carrying cables (Fig. 6). There are some farmers who do not own such cables.

抄録全体を表示

The Pu-Li Basin(_??__??__??__??_)is the only wide plain among the mountainous region of central Taiwan and is thought to be the last in development. Many scholars have paid their attention to this region owing to specific topographical, geological and cultural reasons.
This paper has two main objectives; the first is to make an investigation into the colonization of the Pu-Li Basin and the change in the landscape from the viewpoint of the settlement; the second is to make clear the landscape and structure of the present rural settlement which was established by people from various backgrounds.
1. The pu-Li Basin as a Dwelling Place The Pu-Li Basin is the northernmost and the largest one among the basins of central Taiwan. There are two main rivers, the Mei-Si(_??__??_)and the Nankang-Si(_??__??__??_).The Mei-Si flows from the west of Central Mountain Range to the north of the basin; the Nankang-Si flows from the northeasten hills of the Sun-Moon Lake(_??__??__??_)to the southwest of the basin. The so-called Mei-Si Fan(_??__??__??__??__??_)and the Nankang-Si Fan are formed by these two rivers. There are some topographical, agronomical and agricultural differences between the two Fans.
The climate of the Pu-Li basin belongs to the southern type in Taiwan, its rainy season and dry season are remarkable. Thus, it was very difficult for the pioneers who had been accustomed to rice cultivation.
2. Historical Development of the Settlement in the Pu-Li Basin After the conquest of natives about Shuishalien(_??__??__??__??_)in 1726, the Han People(_??__??__??_)gradually turned their attention to this region. At that time, the natives who lived in the Pu-Li Basin were of the Bunun group(_??__??_)and the Atayal group(_??__??_).
The movement of the Han People(_??__??__??_)to the Pu-Li Basin was interrupted by the Kuo Pai-Nien Incident(_??__??__??__??__??_)in 1814. All of the Han people were expelled from the basin in accordance with the mountain region blockade policy of the Government of the Ching Dynasty(_??__??_).In order to protect themselves, the Bunun group called the Ping-Pu People(_??__??__??_)who lived in the middle part of the western plain in their region. The Ping-Pu People brought a portion of the land under cultivation formed a large part of the present settlement and became the rulers of the basin.
A merchant of the Minnan group(_??__??__??_)(of the Han People) came to the basin from about 1865, This was the first step of the Han People's settlement in the basin. In 1875, the Government of the Ching Dynasty cancelled prohibition to the mountainous regions and started pioneering the Pu-Li Basin. They built the Ta-Pu Castle(_??__??__??_).After that, the immigration of the Han People suddenly increased. Among them the Minnan group who came from the middle part of the western plain, occupied the good part of the region; whereas, the Minnan and Kanton groups(_??__??_)who came from northern Taiwan settled in the piedmont or the plateau. The general development of the Pu-Li Basin was accomplished by the settlement of these groups of the Han People.
During the Japanese occupation, almost all of the Japanese people preferred to reside in the city. They were less concernd about villages. The Japanese Goverment occupied Pu-Li Town(_??__??__??_)as its center and built up the modern foundation of this basin. After the World War II, the culture of Mainland China was reintroduced. Pu-Li Town gradually developed to a modern city. Accordingly, the contrast of town and village within the basin became more noticeable.
3. The Type of the Rural Settlement in the Pu-Li Basin The Mei-Si Fan area was dominated by the clustered settlement, whereas there was a mixture of disperesed and clustered types of settlement on the Nankang-Si Fan. According to the map and the history of development, the clustered settlement was the basic type of rural settlement in the Pu-Li Basin.

抄録全体を表示