It is a theme of regional-structure analysis in Human Geography to demarcate the smallest regional units of the community, and to clarify some functional connectivity among them in an hierarchical context.
In the feudal age of Japan,
Hanseison functioned as the strongest regional unit.
Oaza is derived from the
Hanseison in the research area. The purpose of this paper, then, is to make clear the function of the
Oaza and the structure of the community. The research area is Koyo-cho, in the northern suburbs of Hiroshima city, situated at the entrance leading to the Chugoku mountains, where typical
lockere Haufendörfer can be discerned in the settlement pattern.
Judging from the fact that communal properties, have been held mainly by the
Oaza, it is the basic unit of the community. But the practical functioning unit of the community is the
Koburaku which is composed of about 50 households under the
Oaza. Therefore in the
lockere Haufendörfer area, the community is organized by the linkage of the
Oaza and the
Koburaku.
The function of the
Koburaku was strengthened gradually by the Municipality Reorganization Act enacted in 1889 and the Chiho-Kairyo-undo (Social Reform Movement) after the Russo-Japanese War. Special stress must be laid on the fact that various activities of the
Seinendan (the young men's association) came to be held on the
Koburaku level after the latter half of the Meiji Era. Furthermore, in 1934, the
Oaze properties officially became privately-owned, but a part of them were transferect in actuality to the
Koburaku. In this way, the
Koburaku was elevated to the status of the smallest modern community unit, and it became the
Jichikai or
Chonaikai (a town/block association) and the agricultural settlement instituted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
The dwindling
Oaza communal forests, however, have persisted for several decades and been revived in the form of
Airinkai (the association of the forest preservation) or
Seisanshinrinkumiai (the productive forestry association). The existence of such a deep-rooted
Oaza is worth noting from the view point of regional-structure analysis.
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