人文地理
Online ISSN : 1883-4086
Print ISSN : 0018-7216
ISSN-L : 0018-7216
45 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
  • 天理市と田原本町を事例として
    伊藤 寿和
    1993 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 117-138
    発行日: 1993/04/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aim of this study is to clarify controllers and period of construction of the many irrigation ponds in the Nara-Basin. The mental reconstruction of those irrigation ponds which have been developed so far drew the following findings.
    1. It became clear that most of the irrigation ponds in the Nara-Basin were built during the Edo period. The period of building can be divided into two. The first period is the earlier Edo period, when an economic system placing a great importance on production of rice was established. Landlords built many irrigation ponds in their villages to increase output of rice collected as a tax. The second period was the mid-Edo period when farmers suffered from the lack of water for irrigation, caused by a drought and a tax increase ordered by the Bakufu. Many irrigation ponds were built in villages in response to the farmers' demands.
    2. It is the villages governed by smaller Han [provinces] that mainly built irrigation ponds in the earlier Edo period, while it is villages governed by the Bakufu or retainers of a shogun or some feudal lords that built them in the mid-Edo period. Hence we can assume that the period of the construction of irrigation ponds in the Nara-Basin depended upon who governed the villages in the Edo period and that it made a great difference in agriculture and agricultural production between villages.
    3. The peak of bulding irrigation ponds in Tenri-shi was the erly Edo period. Most of them were built on level ground below 60 merters msl. As for Tawaramoto-cho, the peak war in the mid-Edo period and the Meiji Era. Almost all irrigation ponds built or expanded at that time were built on level ground. There is a difference of from 50 to more than 100 years between the period of construction of irrigation ponds on level ground in Tenri-shi, located on the upper reaches of a stream, and that in Tawaramoto-cho, located on the lower reaches.
  • 埼玉県八潮市を中心として
    竹内 淳彦, 森 秀雄, 八久保 厚志
    1993 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 139-155
    発行日: 1993/04/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    After World War II, the enforcement of a policy of relocation resulted in many manufacturing plants being transferred to adjacent suburban areas. In the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, the development of the northeastern area lagged behind that of the southwest. Yashio has developed as a unique and distinctive industrial city in the northeastern suburbans. The majority of the plants of Yashio City made their start in the 1960s during the period of rapid economic growth in eastern Tokyo and sprouted up like weeds.
    Although there were no particularly large-scale plants, there were innumerable plants which engaged in a wide range of various metal processing, in an interlocking relationship as a technical complex. As a complicated but exceedingly strong supporting complex of subcontractors, this interlocking group of plants provided a very strong subcontracting network supporting the development of large corporate factories which produced finished products. This high level engineering group found its support from the management and their families, who shared an entrepreneurial spirit in manufacturing plants and engineering together with the employees who together shared and formed a strong social relationship to comprise a fortified industrial community. In the metropolitan area, there are many industrial cities supported by industrial complexes of large scale factories which have been established in accordance with a prearranged plan. However there are no other industrial cities comparable with Yashio City, sustained by such a complex of small-scale processors with such abundant vitality.
    In recent years, Japanese industry has been undergoing a change in character as it grows. This amazing development of Japanese machinery manufacturing has been supported by the industrial complex which has been represented by the materials processing groups as a base. The further development of the machinery industry will continue to require a superior group of processing complexes. Today the machinery industry is becoming established in the outskirts of the Greater Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Yashio City is expected to play an important role as a new hardware center which responds to the diverse requirements of the machinery industry in the northern and eastern parts of the Tokyo Metropolitan Area.
  • 1980年代以降の英米の動向を中心に
    長谷川 孝治
    1993 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 156-177
    発行日: 1993/04/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    In Europe the study of the history of cartography has a long tradition that dates back to the Renaissance, but its establishment as an independent science had to await the works of L. Bagrow and others since the 1930s. During the ensuing fifty years, a great effort has been devoted to organizing an academic and social framework, including publishing general histories of cartography and facsimiles, and founding the academic society Imago Mundi. During the 1980s, paradigmatic changes occurred in the view and methodology of study in this field. These changes were initiated by P. D. A. Harvey's The History of Topographical Maps and particularly by Concepts in the History of Cartography by M. J. Blakemore and J. B. Harley, both works published in 1980.
    In this paper the contemporary Anglo-American trends in the study of the history of cartography after 1980 are summarized according to the categories of iconology, context, and social history.
    1. History of Cartography as Iconology
    Various methods of interpreting messages conveyed by means of icons and pictures embedded in maps have been employed in the study of the history of cartography and historical geography. In recent studies of the history of cartography, the analysis of animals (W. George 1978), heraldry (R. V. Tooley 1983), portraits (G. Schilder 1985, P. Barber 1990) and other icons found in maps, as well as of the typology of cartographic symbols and legends (C. Delano Smith 1988), has continued.
    A synthetic method to consider the map as a whole, not to analyze each element on the map or its border separately, was proposed by Harley (1980 & 1983). He used E. Panofsky's iconology as a framework and suggested that a cartographic parallel existed.
    Attempts to interpret the whole work as a single icon, semantically or symbolically, have often been limited to the title-page of an atlas, rather than considering the maps themselves. Although Tooley (1975) had published a collection of title-pages of atlases, it was R. W. Shirley (1987 & 1988) who systematically organized all of them. Nevertheless these title-pages are categorized only by their format and content, and there is no in-depth interpretation of any individual map. For instance, the title-page of the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum by A. Ortelius, the first modern atlas, should be seen as a stronger spatial expression of the Darwinian paradigm than of the relation between those dominating and dominated.
    2. History of Cartography as Context
    Beyond the iconographic interpretation, a contextual approach to consider the individual map in the context of the historical circumstances in which it was produced has been developed. The cultural context, or the relationship between the invention of maps in early modern Europe and the corresponding historical and cultural circumstances, especially those of art, has been discussed by R. Rees (1980), S. Y. Egerton (1987) and S. Alpers (1987). All of these credit the impact of the revival of the Ptolemaic grid system to art.
    In the political and social context, Harley (1983) applied his method to the meaning and function of the various scale maps under the Tudors and developed cartographic semantics. The county maps of Saxton, for example, were prepared with such things in mind as the bureaucracy, defence, local administration and decoration, and they have been interpreted as symbolizing the county community and serving a social function as the identity of the county and as an intellectual discovery of England. Harley (1988) later employed M. Foucault's concept of power-knowledge and episteme to interpret the relationship between the maps and the ideology in them. This work attempted to divide the empty space in maps, interpreted as silence, into intentional and unintentional silence, and to investigate in particular the role of political, religious and social ideology in the unintentional silence.
  • 辻 稜三
    1993 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 178-191
    発行日: 1993/04/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 「非常設店舗商業」に関する序論的考察
    中村 周作
    1993 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 192-205
    発行日: 1993/04/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1993 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 206-216
    発行日: 1993/04/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 柴 彦威
    1993 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 216-219
    発行日: 1993/04/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1993 年 45 巻 2 号 p. 220
    発行日: 1993年
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
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