人文地理
Online ISSN : 1883-4086
Print ISSN : 0018-7216
ISSN-L : 0018-7216
57 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
  • プサン市オムグン市場の分析を中心に
    荒木 一視
    2005 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 233-252
    発行日: 2005/06/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    The aim of this study is to geographically describe the fruit and vegetable supply systems in South Korea and to evaluate the role of local supply systems which coexist with expanding nationwide supply systems. The study focused on Omgun wholesale market, located in Busan, the second largest city in South Korea. Busan was selected for this study because of its importance as the second largest city, and, since it is located at the other end of the country from South Korea's capital and largest city, Seoul, it is less likely that the latter, which receives fruit and vegetables from all over the country, will have a major influence on Busan's supply system. Moreover, since several detailed analyses have already been undertaken on Seoul's supply system, it is possible to make a comparison in order to obtain a more comprehensive picture of South Korea's distribution systems.
    In this study, we obtained data on transaction values and volumes on ten items: cucumbers, potatoes, water melons, radishes, onions, pears, garlic, Chinese cabbages, grapes and apples. Geographical patterns of their production locations were constructed from Provincial statistics provided by South Korea's Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The locations of the suppliers to Omgun market were then plotted to determine the shipping sphere for Busan city. The sites of all of the national producers and suppliers to Seoul were also determined, and then the features of Busan's distribution system were analyzed. The data also allowed us to determine the correlation between monthly fluctuations in supplies, arrival volume and price. Data from the Agricultural and Fishery Marketing Corporation allowed us to compare Seoul and Busan markets for differences in suppliers' locations, seasonal changes and prices.
    From the size of shipping spheres for many items, we found that, whereas Seoul market's supply system extends nationwide, Busan's system extends mainly locally, being focused within the Province of Gyeongsanagnam-do. Omgun market's suppliers of Chinese cabbages and radishes, which have the two largest transaction volumes of the ten items, are particularly small and are all located within the Province of Gyeongsangnam-do, yet provide a steady, year-round supply. Prices are more stable in Omgun than in the Seoul market, and so the local supply systems in Geongsangnam-do can be regarded as working effectively.
    In a previous study on Japan's fruit and vegetable supply system, Araki described the agro-economic changes taking place in response to the growth of a few large producers and the decline of many small producers, which occurred during the formation of a nationwide supply system. He also re-evaluated supply systems between small producers and small consumers to assess the possibility of revitalization of the agricultural industry in Japan. It is interesting that, in Omgun market, major items, including Chinese cabbage, that occupy the largest transaction volumes, are supplied through a network of small producers, despite Busan's population being about 3.6 million. Actually, compared with the Seoul market, prices are low and stable in the Omgun market, even in pre-harvest months. These findings indicate that local supply systems backed by small-scale producers can meet the demands of large cities. Another advantage is their contribution to the economic sustainability of rural areas. In addition, because the producers are small and dispersed, in contrast to a handful of large producers tied to nationwide supply systems, there is a low risk of the supply system being disrupted by bad weather or diseases and pests. Is it the reduced risk that makes decentralization of suppliers sustainable, despite being expensive to run?
  • 経営群の進化と適応的技術変化
    大呂 興平, 新井 祥穂, 永田 淳嗣
    2005 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 253-273
    発行日: 2005/06/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    Agriculture in Okinawa has experienced a significant growth in the beef cattle breeding sector since the reversion to Japan in 1972. Especially since the mid-1980s, induced by booming calf prices and declining profitability of sugar cane farming, many farmers have embarked on or expanded their beef cattle breeding, and this has resulted in the rapid growth of the sector to the present day. This study viewed this process in terms of the evolutionary process of the population of farm management making up the sector, tries to deepen the understanding of this phenomenon and sets forth a reliable view of the future through an analysis focusing on their adaptive technological changes. Adaptive technological changes result from a process of trial and error by farmers striving to incorporate new technology, induced by the changes in the external environment. This aspect of technological change has captured little attention in existing theories such as that of induced technological innovation.
    In Okinawa after 1972, the population of beef cattle breeding management has evolved, differentiating into roughly three types. The first is small-scale management (type C) which generally tends to have less than 20 female breeding cattle. This type of management makes no major investment in agricultural machinery or facilities. Farm households adopting this type earn their living depending on other principal sectors. The second is middle-scale management (type B) which generally tends to have 20-40 female breeding cattle. This type of management possesses a set of machinery for mowing and producing roughage and makes a moderate investment in upgrading and expanding grasslands and facilities according to need. Farm households adopting this type enlarge the management from type C and increase their reliance on beef cattle breeding. The third type is large-scale management (type A) which tends to have at least 40, normally more than 60, female breeding cattle. This type of management makes large-scale investment in fully-fledged facilities, machinery, and the acquisition and creation of vast grasslands taking advantage of subsidized projects and institutional financing. Farm households adopting this type enlarge the management from type C in stages (type A3) or take a sudden jump by joining government projects to create large-scale livestock management (type A2) or to develop wide-scale grasslands (type A1).
    With respect to beef cattle breeding in Okinawa, it has been repeatedly pointed out that it has the advantage of reducing cost due to lower material costs for roughage which is naturally supplied in the subtropical climate where it is warm throughout the year and the productivity of grass is relatively high. However, according to knowledge based on the analysis of sample farm management from Tarama and Ishigaki islands in this study, it is only small-scale management that can be said to enjoy this advantage. As regards middle-scale and large-scale management, especially the latter, the ecological and social environments in Okinawa impose many difficulties to be overcome in their operation. What is in question there is the high level of technological capability of individual farm management, including the ability to cope with the unfavorable situation in Okinawa.
    The shift from sugar cane farming among "the second sugar cane boomers" contributed a great deal to the growth of the beef cattle breeding sector after 1972 and in conjunction with this, small and middle-scale management have occupied an important share in the population of beef cattle breeding management. The second sugar cane boomers are the generation who responded to changes in the policy environment after 1972, including price rises for sugar cane, and decided to enter into or remain in the agricultural sector during the period from the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s.
  • 2005 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 274-331
    発行日: 2005/06/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 武蔵野市の事例
    畠山 輝雄
    2005 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 332-346
    発行日: 2005/06/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper discusses the location and present state of the service and supply of commuting type facilities in service areas that changed after the introduction of the long-term care insurance system. It also analyzes the conditions for determining the facilities selection by the users as formation factors in the service areas, and examines the relationship between the conditions for determining the facilities and the service area of facilities.
    Research methods include interview surveys of facilities, and a questionnaire survey for users and their families. The study area was Musashino city which is located in the Tokyo metropolitan area.
    The location of commuting for care facilities does not correlate with the distribution of the elderly population. On the other hand, the location of commuting rehabilitation services facilities correlates well with the distribution of the elderly population. Most of the commuting for care facilities are being constructed by the municipality. Extensive sites are necessary for the construction of commuting for care facilities, since they are mainly established as an addition to special nursing homes for the elderly. Therefore, the commuting for care facilities have been located in regions with small populations, and there is no correlation with the distribution of the aged population.
    There are two patterns regarding the conditions for determining facilities selection. One is the pattern in which the facilities selection is left to the care manager. In another, the proximity from the homes of users is a primary condition. If multiple facilities are located in a region near to the homes of users, the users choose the facilities by service content and equipment, and on the advice of the care manager.
    When care managers make care plans, it is necessary for them to choose the service provider because the care manager belongs to the service provider. The primary condition of choosing a service provider is the proximity from the homes of users to the provider who has the facilities which users can utilize.
    Hardware such as baths is an important index when facilities are chosen by service content and equipment. Therefore, the result of pursuing better equipment often leads to the user choosing a facility that is not the closest to their homes.
    From the above, the spatial factor assumes considerable importance in the conditions for determining the facilities selection. From this fact, it is necessary to properly organize the facilities which are established as an addition. Furthermore, it is also necessary to execute the plan by taking special care over the service area of commuting type facilities.
  • 2005 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 347-348
    発行日: 2005/06/28
    公開日: 2009/04/28
    ジャーナル フリー
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