The strategies for cancer treatment are changing toward coming century. Surgical treatment is still main modality for common solid tumor, but minimal invasive surgery will be frequently applied for postoperative quality of life of patients with cancer. Targeting cancer chemotherapy with drug delivery system, high dose anticancer chemotherapy with bone marrow transplantation, X knife will be promising for patients with solid cancer. Gene therapy will become a important modality for cancer treatment next century.

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[in Japanese]

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The purpose of this study is to perform statistical analyses to determine if there is any possible relationship between student success or failure in the national license examination for health professionals and their entrance examination scores of college performance levels. The analyses were done on items including the entrance selection method, results of the entrance examination, academic performance during college studies, the number of dropouts and expellees, and success / failure in the national examination which were paired for comparative results. An attempt was made to create an estimation formula based on these results. The sample included 1,132 students who have been admitted to the Tokyo Metropolitan College of Allied Medical Sciences. The indices used for analyses included methods applied for entrance selection(regu1ar entrance examination, entrance by recommendation), results of the regular entrance examination, results of the academic performance during college, and success / failure in the national examination. No difference was found in the outcome of the national examination between students who entered by regular entrance examination and those who entered by recommendation. There was, also, no difference in the resulting scores of the entrance examination between those who passed and those who failed in the national examination. As to the academic records during college, those who passed the national examination showed higher academic performance in more than half of the major subjects than those who failed in it. The score estimation on the results of the national examination was formulated using a mathematical equation for two of the four major courses of study.

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Analysis of surface electromyographic findings of isometric contraction of Rectus Femoris and Vastus Medialis. It is considered important for elucidation of the pathogenesis of disorders to comprehend the muscular activities during articular movements. Relations of the activities of Rectus Femoris(RF)and Vastus Medial(VM)is to the output torque were assessed in the knee extension. The subjects were 67 adults without past history of trauma of the knee joint, and they had a mean age of 21.9 years. Surface electrodes were applied to RF and VM of the subjects, whose knee joints were immobilized at 90 degree flextion for inducing isometric contraction of extension of the knees. Then, recorded EMG were analyzed in terms of relationships between articular torque and each root mean square(RMS)by applying the EMG data to the power equation(Y = aX^b). The coefficient b of the equation averaged 0.67(±0.23)for RF and 0.92(±0.28)for VM, showing a significant difference. The coefficient b indicates the depth of a curve ; the RMS for RF tended to reach the uppermost limit at the high output torque. These curves were suggested to become indices of the activities of RF and VM.

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Many elder suffered from femoral neck fracture. It is well know that early rehabilitation is very important for them. This time we investigated about some kind of term with 13 patients in our hospital. We confirmed some term were too long, e.g. 1)it took 21 days to their operation from their suffering of femoral neck fracture, 2)thire term in hospital were 97 days on average. Actually we had not early rehabilitation system. We recognized that we have to need to make rehabilitation protocol for early discharge. We present here process of our early rehabilitation protocol.

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Mastoparan(MP), a tetradecapeptide from wasp venom, acts as a secretagogue and stimulates histamine(Him)release from rat peritoneal mast cells and catecholamine(CA)release from adrenal chromaffin cells. The N-terminal tetrapeptide(INLK-NH_2 ; N-4)and C-terminal tetrapeptide(KKIL-NH_2 ; C-4)of MP inhibited acetylcholine-stimulated CA release from adrenal chromaffin cells. We synthesized five MP fragments including N-4 and C-4, and measured the activity of MP fragments themselves to induce Him release from mast cells. In addition, we investigated whether MP fragments inhibited MP-stimulated Him release from mast cells. It was shown that MP fragments except C-terminal heptapeptide(ALAKKIL-NH_2 ; C-7)of MP had no Him releasing activity. The activity of 30μM MP was inhibited to about 70% by the addition of 3 mM N-4 or C-4. The peptides may possibly block the MP interaction site(s)on mast cells. We are now synthesizing more active peptides by amino acid replacements, which are expected to be potent medicines for Him-related diseases.

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In stereotactic irradiation using linear accelerator, lateral electron equilibrium must be considered for smallest field. The dosimetry has some problems, for example, the accuracy of measurement depend on detector volume. Therefore comparison between theoretical and experimental techniques is important. It has previously been shown that broad beam dose calculation models for high energy x-rays can be described by transport of secondary electrons introducing the electron disequilibrium factor. In this study, theoretical calculation of the electron disequilibrium factor was performed at four different beam qualities. Experimental measurements of electron disequilibrium factors of longitudinal and lateral components showed that they depend on depth Z and field radius R, respectively, such as E(Z, R)=E_z(Z)・E_R(R). As a result, a model for the E(Z, R)-factor explains well measurements for different beam energies. It suggests that the parameters of the theoretical model depends on the dose averaged linear attenuation coefficient.

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We constructed DICOM network system for radiological education and study in Tokyo Metropolitan University of Health Sciences, using infrastructure LAN system, workstations, personal computers and free softwares. The UNIX server was used as the DICOM image server. Two Windows NT workstations were used as server for making DICOM Storage Media. Some Windows NT workstations or UNIX workstation were used as clients. We used CTN and eFilm as DICOM transport softwares, and Scion Image and Osiris as DICOM image viewers. The constructed system represents sufficient speeds in query to DICOM image servers and in transportation of the objects. Details of the constructed system and results of performance tests were described in this report.

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As preliminary study to establish teaching methods on occupational therapy at undergraduate and graduate level, we have examined research trend on the subject. After analyzing 91 studies from "The Journal of Japanese Association of Occupational Therapists", "The Japanese Journal of Occupational Therapy" and other published in last five years, we have found that they could be classified into four categories. #1 curriculum. #2 class work. #3 clinical internship. #4 other. 8 studies were dealing with curriculum ; number of hours for clinical internship, comparison of professional training schools, colleges and universities, comparison with Japan and other countries, designated rules, validity of curricula at professional training schools from the point of view of clinical facilities. 17 studies were about class-related subjects : teaching methods to let students themselves find appropriate occupational therapy approaches, class utilizing one's early clinical experience, etc. Only "basic occupationology" examined teaching methods with specific class subjects. There were 35 studies dealing with clinical internship : the ideal method of clinical training in community, a shortage of clinical internship facilities, arguments about the way to improve the quality of clinical supervisor, a different view of training goals between supervisors and students, degree of satisfaction from training for supervisors and students, students′ problems on clinical internship. Other studies covered on tendencies of occupational therapy students′personalities, guidance about what to do after graduation. However, we have found that most studies are still in the practice report level and few deal with teaching methods.

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