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Volume 1, Issue 2
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KIYOMATSU MATSUBARA, AKIRA OCHIAI1950 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 73-81
Published: October 20, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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KIYOMATSU MATSUBARA, AKIRA OCHIAI1950 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 82-88
Published: October 20, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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TAKEICHIRO KAFUKU1950 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 89-100
Published: October 20, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 52 species of Japanese bony fishes (Table 1), the horizontal septum was found to be separated into two tendons, and these tendons were here called anterior oblique tendon and posterior oblique tendon respectively. The d: stal end of each tendon, in the form of connective tissue attaches to the superficial red muscles in the teleosts other than the scombers and tunas. (Fig. 1 and 5).However, in the scombroid fishes examined here, the end of the tendon reaches the deep: seated red muscles with a simiiar patern as in other bony fishes. The two tendons are running (Figs. 4, 5, 6, 7) with a loose mechanism so as to make the two tendons slide with each other. This is especialy significant in scomboroid fishes.
The Superficial red muscles runs horizontally along the horizontal septum in non-scombroid teleosts, on the other hand, the same muscles of scmbroids, though homologus with those in the former referring to the position and the direction, was found to be light in color as other non-red-muscles. It has been known that the red-muscle fibres are thinner than those of ordinary muscles in bony fishes. The writer's histlogical examination, however, showed that the superficial muscles noted above in scombroids are consisted of thick fibres same as those of ordinary muscles.
This change found in the scombroids, however, do not take place in the same degree in this particular group of fish. The differentiation occurs gradually (Fig. 8) in the order of Scomber-Sardai-Thunnus-Katsuwonus
The three facts clarified here (1. structure of tendons, 2. histology of the superficial muscles, and 3. sliding mechanism of two tendons) convinced the writer to believe that the deep seated red muscles in scombroid fishes derived from the superficial red muscles in ordinary bony fishes, and the former red muscles sunk from the body surface to the inner part of body accompanied also by function as red-muscle. Such anatomical deformation in scombroid teleosts tested here seems to have developed adapting to their speedy moving by beating of the tail.View full abstractDownload PDF (1963K) -
I.The influence of wave lengths of light on the behavior of young marine fishesNOBUYUKI Y. KAWAMOTO, MASAHIKO TAKEDA1950 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 101-115
Published: October 20, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have studied about the influence of colors on the behavior of young marine fish to know the relation between the light and fish which is essential to the knowledge of the fish gathering lamp.
1. As the results of our experiments, it was found that there are two fish groups, A and B, their reactions to light being quite different; among the eight lights (including white), green and blue bring forth the greatest fish gathering rates, for Oplegnathus, Monaeanthus, Cybium, Spheroides and Sphyraena (of the former group).
2. It becomes evident that the light. chasing tendency of A-group fish are due not to the energy of light but rather to the wave length of light.
3. A-group fish can be classified into two different sub-groups, one scarcely has any light-chasing tendency for white light, (as in Cybium and Sphyraena), and the others has fairly strong chasing tendencies (as in Spheroides).
4. Considering the fish-gathering rates for white light as a standard, Anguilla, which belongs to B-group, shows almost no reaction to blue, green, indigo and yellow, but shows distinct light-chasing tendency for violet and red.View full abstractDownload PDF (1637K) -
YASUHIKO KANOH1950 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 116-126
Published: October 20, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
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YASUJI KATSUKI, SHIZUO YOSHINO1950 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 127-134
Published: October 20, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lateral-line nerve of Japanese eel shows the markedly spontaneous discharges. Those discharges are various in their sizes owing to the fiber-diameters (from 1mv. to 100pv.). The dischargesshow marked seasonal differences according to the temperature of the external environment. Statistical calculations prove that such impulse discharges from a single fiber in situ have some correlation to the heart-beat.
Fibers which elicit small spike discharges and large ones, react differently to many kinds of stimuli, as, pressure, water-flow, mechanical vibration and electrical (D. C. and A. C.) stimulation.
Most fibers show discharges of slow adaptation and only a few fibers of phasic. The weak stimulus excites only a thin fiber, that is, of small spike, and when its strength increases, step by step thickes fibers can be excited and at the same time the dischrge frequencies increase more and more. There can be seen the relation: N=klogS, where N is the average discharge frequencies of the fiber in the initial stage of the stimulation, S the strength and k a constant.
For the vibratory stimuli to a receptor, either of mechanical or electrical, many discharges are elecited in one cycle if its frequency is low and when the frequency of vibration increases gradually, imqulse discharges correspond one to one to those stimuli, such correspondence continues to some frequencies, which is 20-50 per second for thicker fiber and below 10per second for thinner fiber. The more frequent vibration makes the discharge to fall out more and more.
The recepter is easily stimulated by D. C.. Most fibers elicits discharges by the ingoing current and the outgoing current inhibit it. By the A. C. stimulation to the recepter, the fiber discharges only in the negative phase, but for the strong stimulus both in the negative and positive phases. Such mechanism is similar to Weyer and Bray's phenomenon of the cochlea.
The histological construction of the lateral-line shows that many thin and thick fibers innervates the sensory organ. The thinner fiber innervates the more peripheral part of the receptor and the thicker fiber the central part.Both fibers are branching in the sensory cells. Such innervation-modus of thin and thick fibers has been seen already in the receptor of higher order, that is the vestibular organ and the retina.View full abstractDownload PDF (1650K) -
TOKIHARU ABE1950 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 135-139
Published: October 20, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmong the fine fish specimens in the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, which the present writer examined during summer, 1948-summer, 1949, through the courtesy of Dr. K. Hattori, Mr. T. Saito and Mr. H. Tsujirnura, were found several species belonging to the family Liparidae. In this paper is treated of one of these species as it is believed to be unnamed. The writer wishes to express here his thanks to those biologists of the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Household, mentioned above by name for their kindness in giving him the privilege of examining and reporting upon the valuable fish specimens in the Laboratory.View full abstractDownload PDF (2767K) -
TOYOJI HIKITA, TOYOHIKO HIKITA1950 Volume 1 Issue 2 Pages 140-142
Published: October 20, 1950
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe genus Lyconectes belonging to the family Cryptacanthodiidae was erected by Ch. H. Gilbert in 1893 based on only one northern Pacific species, Lyconectes aleutensis. Recently two specimens of the genus were secured by the present writers, separately from off the coasts of Kushiro and Abuta in Hokkaido, 1949. They seem to belong to a species, probably new to science.
The writers :wish to express their gratitude to Prof. Dr. Tohru Uchida, Hokkaido University, for his kindness extended to them in various ways.View full abstractDownload PDF (638K)
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