Japanese Journal of Ichthyology
Online ISSN : 1884-7374
Print ISSN : 0021-5090
ISSN-L : 0021-5090
Volume 1, Issue 5
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • Hiroshi YABE
    1951 Volume 1 Issue 5 Pages 285-291
    Published: April 30, 1951
    Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    1.Three famous fishing grounds of sciaenoid fish are found in the Yellow sea side of Korea (Table 1). Most of the fishermen believe that the fishes come to these grounds for spawning in spring.
    2.The auther could obtain at southern two of these fishing grounds matured gonads from adult fishes and also many deposited pelagic eggs (Table 3).
    3.The larvae were obtained by artificial fertilization. The egg is pelagic, spherical in .shape, measuring 1.41 to 1.56 mm. in diameter with a single oil-globule of 0.47 to 0.53 mm. in diameter. The colour of the oil-globule is light pinkish, though there are some individual differences. Very characteristic vermilion chromatophores appeor on the region of the heart, on the 17th myotome and on the surface of oil-globule of the embryo during the development of the larvae.
    4.Besides melanophores, dark vermilion chromatophores are occurred between the eye and the otocyst, and on the 16th to 18th myotomes of the newly hatched larva measuring 3.3 to 3.5mm. in total length.
    5.The time required for the hatching differs considerably by the water temperature. It took about 60 hours (water temp.13.1-20.7°C) 90 hours (11.8-19.9°C) and 82 hours (9.8-20.4°C) in our experiments. The surface water in natural is usually. 11-14°C, and it takes probably 5 days or more to hatch.
    6.The number of ripe ovarian eggs is shown in table 4. It is presumed that adult fishes of 300mm. in body length, may have about 30, 000-70, 000 eggs and those of 350 mm, in body length, have about 100, 000 eggs.
    7.In the breeding season, the yellow color of both sexes becomes more brilliant than in other seasons. In the spawning grounds the adult fishes are observed to leap up at the sea surfaces. A large shoal makei rhythmical loud noise as if in a chorus and it can be heared in the ship very nosily, sounding something like “ga: ga: ”.
    8.This report is based mainely on the observations made in the years 1938 and 1941.
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  • Ichiro FURUKAWA
    1951 Volume 1 Issue 5 Pages 292-294
    Published: April 30, 1951
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Surface tow collection was made at 8-10 miles off the middle eastern coast of Miyazaki Prefecture during the winter of 1949 to 1950. It resulted in rich gathering, amongst others, of fry of clupeoid fishes. Of these, one form resembles closely with that of Etrumeus micropsis, but differs from it in several important characters as given in Table 1. While casting about possible adult of it, Gonorhynchus abbreviatus T. et S. has come to the picture. This species, however, is rather rare in this region “Hyuga Nada”, so far 10 specimens having been obtained. And yet coincidence in the number of rays of dorsal and anal fins and in the vertebral number (Table 2) coupled with similarity in relative position of anal and dorsal fins (Fig 1) warrants one a preliminary reference of the fry to the species in question.
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  • Tatsuyoshi MASUDA
    1951 Volume 1 Issue 5 Pages 295-299
    Published: April 30, 1951
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    On cross-section of dorsal fin-rays of Caprodon schlegeli (GUNTHER), Sardinia melanosticta (T. & S.), and Scomber japonicus HOUTTUYN, resting- zones are found. The cross-sections are made by ordinary histological method embeding in paraffin after decalcification by 10% nitric acid diluted by 10% formalin, stained with Delafield's Hamatoxylin, Mayer's Satires Hamalaun, and Hamatoxylin-Eosin, and cut out in 8-10 microns by means of a mlcrotome. The resting zones of S. melanosticta appear stained deeply by Hämatoxylin (Fig. 2, B), and those of S. japonicus found stained light violet (Fig. 2, C). The growth zones of S. japonicus appear dyed light red. But those of C. schlegeli are very indistinct (Fig. 2, A).
    The number of the resting zones and the growth-ratio between the resting zones occuring on the cross-sections of the fin-rays appear to be largely corresponding to those found on the scales in, at least, S. melanosticta and S. japonicus (Tables 1-4). But this trait seems to be less valuable for the purpose of fishery-biology of such fishes given above by the reasons given below, viz, it is difficult by the present method to make the cross-section for study of a large number of individuals of the fish for which observations may be done, and in addition to this no standard point available for measurments useful for back-calculation of body-length is present.
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  • Hisao KOBAYASI
    1951 Volume 1 Issue 5 Pages 300-303
    Published: April 30, 1951
    Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The principal characteristics of the scales of Carassius carassius (Fig. 1) (including Gold fish and “Tetsugyo”) are that their radial grooves (=radii) meet together in the focus, distinct lateral grooves are observed, their basal margin has strong waves, their grooves do not increase so much in number when they have grown up, and the regenerated scales (Fig. 2 & 3) have remarkable anastomosing network grooves in the focal area.
    The princical characteristics of the scales of Cyprinus carpio (Fig. 4 & 5) are that their grooves approach to the focus, but never meet together, basilateral grooves are often generated, but lateral grooves in their true sense are hardly to be observed, and as the fish grows innumerable supplementary grooves are generated, which outnumber those of Carassius carassius.
    The ordinary scale of the hybrid of these two fishes are (Fig. 6), on the whole, of an intermediate type in scale character: some of the grooves approach towards the focus, but do not meet together, lateral grooves usually are not observed on them, their regenerated scales (Fig. 7) are more similar to those of Carassius carassius, having focal network grooves, though the network is rather imperfect.
    This scale character is parallel to the fact that the other structures of the hybrid show intermediate features between these two fishes, as reported by Dr. Y. MATSUI.
    Of what significance it is that the hybrid was born between Cyprins carpio and Carassius carassius which belong to their respective different genera and species and that its stn.ctures display in the mostpart an intermediate from between the two I cannot understand. But unless a law that a hybrid can be made between near related but different genera or species is acknowledged, I cannot agree with the view that genus Carassius and genus Cyprinus should be comprised in the same genus, i. e. Cyprinus carassius, . merely because a hybrid can be made between them.
    Giving more credit for the fact that the structures of regenerated scales of the two fishes are distinctly different than the facts that a hybrid can be made and that its characteristics are of the intermediate nature, and noticing that there is phylogenetically a considerable distance between these two fishes, I am convinced from the lepidological point of view that they should be classified into their respective different genera and species.
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  • Tokiharu ABE
    1951 Volume 1 Issue 5 Pages 304-305
    Published: April 30, 1951
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Toyohiko HIKITA
    1951 Volume 1 Issue 5 Pages 306-313
    Published: April 30, 1951
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Volcano Bay is situated on the south-western coast in Hokkaido and in known as one of the most important fishing grounds. This paper is a report on fishes obtained by the writer in the environs of the bay during these two years. The fishes treated here belong to 50 families, including 116 genera and 141 species. Influenced by the warm current (Kuro shio) from the south, 85 species are temperate forms, while on account of the cold current (Oya shio) from the Kurile Islands, 56 species are boreal ones, the latter being mainly found northwards from northern part of Japan proper and Hokkaido. As to the distribution, the fact agree with the observation on medusae made by. UCHIDA (1940). In the following list the temperate forms are marked with an asterisk.
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  • Nagamichi KURODA
    1951 Volume 1 Issue 5 Pages 314-338
    Published: April 30, 1951
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Itsuo KUBO, Hiroshi SAKURAI
    1951 Volume 1 Issue 5 Pages 339-346
    Published: April 30, 1951
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Dealing with 236 wild specimens of black coloured Aplocheilus latipes (T. & S.) caught at Kurihama, Kanagawa Prefecture, some biometrical observations have been carried out in regard to body-length (standard length), body-weight, length of fins, number of circuli found on the scales taken from the median area below the dorsal fin, weight-length relationship, relative-growth of fins to the body-length, relevance between number of the circuli and body-length, and that between the number of the circuli and the age of the fish. The specimens dealt with comprise 108 males, 15-31mm in body-length, and 128 females, 15-34mm long, and may be referable into 2 age-groups (I and II) on basis of the number of the circuli. The group-I appears to be made up of fish of 1 year-old measuring less than 26mm and 28mm in body-length in male and female respectively, and the other group appears to be of the animal of 2 years-old measuring more than the lengths given above. The mode of the body-length of the group-I is 21-22mm in male and 24-25mm in female, and that of the group-II is 24 26mm and 28-29mm respectively (Fig. 1).The weight-length relationship of the fish (Fig. 2) may be represented by the following formulae: W=.0.00002597L2.933 in male, W, =0.00001212L3.183 in female respectively. Wherein W is body-weight (g) and L is body-length (mm). The relevances between body-length L) and the lengths of the pectoral (F1), dorsal (F2), anal (F3) and caudal (F4) fins are linear in trend (Fig. 3). These are expressed by the equations given below: . F1=0.27L+4.26, F2=0.291A-4.51, F3=0.27L+4.44, F4=0.25L+4.97 in male, and F1=0.24L+4.43, F2=0.16L+3.18, F3=0.13L+3.05, F4=0.21L+4.29 in female. Regarding to lengths of the pectoral and anal fins of both the groups, I and II, and that of the dorsal fin of the group-II, sexual difference is found to exist. Female pectoral fin is longer than male one, on the contrary, female anal and caudal ones are shorter than those of male. The difference of the anal fin is salient as enough as to use the fin for sex recognition at least in regard to the fish measuring more than 15mm in body-length.
    The number of the circuli is given in the Fig. 4 in relation to the body-length. As seen in the figure the number successively increase until the fish attain a length of about 23mm in male and about 24mrn in female, and becomes constant and again it turns to increase at 26mm and 28mm long in male and female respectively. As listed in the Table 4, the scales of the males, 20-26mm long, have 1 5.2-18.2 circuli on average' and those of the females, 20-28mm in body-length, have 13.0-17.8 circuli on average. On the other hand, the scales of the males, 26-32mm long, are provided with 19.0--23.5 circuli, and those of the females 28-34mm long, are developed with 19.3-23.1 circuli on average. And the scales taken from the 7 A. latipes measuring 21.5-30.0mm in total length (about 16-24mm in standard length), reared by HIYAMA during 5 months from June 14 to November 14, 1938, in outdoor aquarium are furnished with 12.1-16.0 circuri on average. Judging from such facts given above, it seems that the fish measuring more than 26mm long in male and 28mm long in female belong to the group of 2 years-old. Finally it may be mentined that the circuli show a tendency to be more variable and larger in number in males than in females.
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