Japanese Journal of Ichthyology
Online ISSN : 1884-7374
Print ISSN : 0021-5090
ISSN-L : 0021-5090
Volume 3, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Toshiji KAMOHARA
    1953 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
    Published: July 31, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the present paper is given a review of fishes of the family Chlorophthalmidae found in the deep waters of Japan. The specimens referable to two genera and four species with the annexed addition of two subspecies, of which one species and two subspecies seem to be new to science, are chiefly secured from the Mimase Market (Kochi City), Kôchi Prefecture and the Chôshi Market, Chiba Prefecture. All are secured by a kind of the small fishing motor-boat known as “kisen-teguri”, operated at grounds some 100 meters deep.
    In the following descriptions the body length is measured from the anterior end of upper jaw to the upper insertion of caudal; the length of head from the anterior end of upper jaw to the posterior end of opercle; the number of caudal rays is counted excluding unbranched ones; the color notes all are based on the material preserved in for malin.
    All the specimens except two of Chlorophthalmus albatrossis borealis from Chô-shi, which are collections of the Department of Fisheries, Kyôto University, are deposited in the Biological Laboratory, Liberal Arts Faculty, Kôchi University, Kôchi City, Japan.
    Before proceeding further, I wish to express my hearty thanks to Dr. Shigeho Tanaka, ex-professor of the Tokyo University, who offered kind advice in various ways.
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  • Ryo SUZUKI
    1953 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 7-14
    Published: July 31, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This research was made to examine the reciprocal cross between mud loach (Misgurnus angaillicaudatus (C.)) and goldfish (Carassius auratus (L.)) which is of a different family, and to explain the development and the effect of the genes.
    At the early stage of development, it was found that more dead eggs were among the interfamiliar hybrid ones than in the case of the normal cross, and the number of them were much more increased at the gastrula stage.
    The larvae which were produced from M. a. (=mud loach) _??_×C. a. (=goldfish) _??_ survived for 14 days and those produced from C. a. _??_×M. a. _??_ survived for 24 days, but many of these larvae had an obstacle of development in the head, the tail and the yolk sac.
    The time needed for hatching C. a. of the normal development was twice as long as that for hatching M. a. of the normal development, when both of them had been kept under the same condition of temperature (19-21°C) by the thermostat. But C. a. _??_×M, a. _??_ hatched faster than C. a. of the normal development, and M. a. _??_×C. a. _??_ hatched slower than M. a. of the normal development.
    The nuclei of the normal larvae of M. a. were found to be very small compared with that of C. a. In the case of M. a. _??_×C. a. _??_, however, the nuclei were bigger than those of the normal larvae of M. a., while the nuclei of the larvae hatched out of C. a. _??_×M. a. _??_ were smaller than those of the normal larvae of C. a.
    The number of the myotomes of normal larvae of M. a. were greater than those of the normal larvae of C. a. But through the experiment of M. a. _??_×C. a. _??_, it was known that the number of the myotomes were less than those in the case of the norrnal larvae of M. a. C. a. _??_×M. a. _??_ showed that the ndmber of the myotomes was bigger than in the case of the normal larvae of C. a.
    The normal larvae of M. a. had no melanophores immediately after having been hatched, but the normal larvae of C. a. had already melanophores ranging from 120 to 240 as soon as they were hatched. More melanophores, however, appeared in the case of M. a. _??_×C. a. _??_ than in the normal larvae of M. a., and in the case of C. a. _??_×M. a. _??_ they appeared less in numder as compared with the normal larvae of C. a.
    From the facts mentioned above, I think I can conclude that the size of nucleus of larvae, developmental rate of the egg, the number of myotomes, and that of melano-phores are effected by the paternal as well as maternal genes. Therefore, I can not approve of the parthenogenesis which LOEB had publicized, and I am convinced from the facts of my experiments that the interfamiliar hybrids can be produced by the fusion of the egg nucleus and the sperm nucleus concerned at the moment of the insemination.
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  • Hideyuki HOTTA
    1953 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 15-20
    Published: July 31, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The young of “Ayu” spend their lives in the sea, and then ascend streams. The author studied the sea life of the “Ayu”, found in and outside of Mikawa Bay on the Pacific coast of central Japan, with special reference to their migration, growth, and entry into rivers in the Bay.
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  • Kojiro TANAKA
    1953 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 21-28
    Published: July 31, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This report is based on a physiological study of the digestive function in the mouth of Ophiocephalus argus CANTOR. The resuls obtained are summarized as follows:
    1. Besides the usual teeth known in other fishes, this fish has teeth on the parasphenoid.
    2. The young, up to ca. 62 mm in total length, have few teeth on the gillarches.
    3. This fish is polyphobont and grows to a size of ca. 510 mm in total length within 16 months. The total number of teeth at thi3 size is ca. 4, 000.
    4. It is presumed that the stage in which the voracity of this fish appears remarkably and attacks other animals is more than 16 months after hatching.
    5. It is presumed that the suitable term for artificial culture of this fish in ponds is about 6 months, and that the body-weight suitable for harvest is about 1.2-0.23kg.
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  • Kiyomatsu MATSUBARA
    1953 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 29-32
    Published: July 31, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The new species here described under the name of Carapus owasianus is based on a specimen (MATSUBARA'S Fish Coll. No.18871) obtained by a deep-sea trawler on November 17, 1952 from off Owasi, Mie Prefecture, at a depth of about 100 hiro (about 151.5 meters). The present study is a part of the results of our investigations on the deep-water fishes of Japan and its adjacent regions. The expenses for the studies of the present series were defrayed from 1943 to 1945 from a research fund contributed by Viscount Keizo SHIBUSAWA and since 1948 from the grant-in-aid by the Ministry of Education.
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  • I. Geographical variation in wild populations
    Nobuo EGAMI
    1953 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 33-35
    Published: July 31, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Giles W. MEAD, James E. BOHLKE
    1953 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 36-38
    Published: July 31, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: July 04, 2011
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In December of 1951 the writers published a description of a previously unknown species of the morid genus Physiculus, P. jordani (BOHLKE and MEAD, 1951: 27). The description was based on a single specimen trawled by the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer “Albatross” off Suruga Bay, Japan. In March of the following year Dr. Toshiji KAMOHARA of Kochi University described P. inbarbatum as new (KAMOHARA, 1952: 94), designating as types three specimens obtained from the Mimase market (Kochi City, Shikoku). Since these two nominal species appeared to be strikingly similar in many respects, a direct comparison of the type material seemed desirable. This comparison was effected through the kind cooperation of Dr. KAMOHARA, who made available to us not only his types but also several specimens subsequently collected from the type locality.
    Specimens of P. jordani and P. inbarbatum are similar in the absence of the mandibular barbel, in the extremely slender caudal peduncle, in color pattern and in many other general features. In several meristic and morphometric characters, however, the type of P. jordani differs significantly from those of P. inbarbatum. Counts and proportional measurements of the specimens at hand are recorded in Table 1. It is immediately apparent that our specimen has a greater number of dorsal and anal rays, a slightly longer and broader head, a longer snout, a wider interorbital space and more posteriorly placed pectoral and ventral fins than has Dr. KAMOHARA'S material.
    We cannot, therefore, assign P. inbarbatum a place in the synonymy of P. jordani, although it seems improbable that two closely related and morphologically similar populations could have evolved and maintained their identity while living together in waters off Shikoku and southern Honshu.
    A third form apparently closely related to these two is Physiculus edelmanni (BRAUER, 1906: 274, pl. 12: 6, from the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. Counts and measurements of this species, taken from BRAUER'S type description, are also included in the table. In many respects the specimens of P. inbarbatum appear to be intermediate between P. jordani, as originally understood, and P. edelmanni. A biometric study of the members of this complex based on material from various localities and depths may demonstrate the existence of but a single widespread and highly variable species. However, since available representatives of the three forms are in several respects at variance with one another the three nominal species must tentatively be considered distinct.
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  • Tokiharu ABE
    1953 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 39-47
    Published: July 31, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Tokiharu ABE
    1953 Volume 3 Issue 1 Pages 47-48
    Published: July 31, 1953
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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