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Volume 30, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Masaru Shiogaki, Yoshie Dotsu1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 111-121
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo new genera, Propherallodus and Pherallodichthys and their type species, Propherallodus briggsi sp.nov. and Pherallodichthys meshimaensis sp.nov. are described. Propherallodus is mainly diagnosed by the uniserial incisors with rounded tips on both jaws, lachrymal sensory canal with two openings, preopercular sensory canal with three openings and by the absence of mandibular sensory canal, and this genus is placed in the subfamily Diplocrepinae. Pherallodichthys is diagnosed by the uniserial incisors on both jaws, of which those in front have rounded tips but those at sides on upper jaw are highly compressed and hooked posteriorly, lachrymal and preopercular sensory canals with two openings each and mandibular sensory canal missing.This genus is tentatively placed in the subfamily Aspasminae. Pherallodus smithi is placed in Propherallodus gen. nov. and a key to Propherallodus species is given. Pherallodus indicus is described from newly collected larger specimens with accounts of unique head sensory canals.Arrangements of head sensory canals of the family Gobiesocidae are provisionally reviewed for 28 species of all eight subfamilies.These characters are found to be apparently important for higher classification.View full abstractDownload PDF (1562K) -
Ronald Fricke, Martha J.Zaiser1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 122-128
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSynchiropus kiyoae sp.nov.is described on the basis of 20 specimens from Miyakejima and Hachijo-jima, Izu Islands, Japan, and compared with allied species.Comments on the ecology of the new species are included.View full abstractDownload PDF (3927K) -
Kosaku Yamaoka1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 129-141
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cichlid fish genus Petrochromis is endemic to Lake Tanganyika. The genus consists of six species: 5 previously known and the present new species, P. macrognathus. This new species is easily distinguished from the other species of Petrochromis by the following characters: more projecting upper jaw, posterior margins of lips just reaching to vertical from anterior orbital rim, shorter pectoral fins (26.0-28.2% in standard length (SL) instead of 30.5-36.0%), strongly pronounced premaxillary ascending process, pronounced concavity of chin region, greater number of vertebrae (33-34 instead of 30-32), many small scales present on bases of dorsal and anal fins, and specimens smaller than about 160 mm SL show distinct 11 to 12 vertical stripes (in larger ones those stripes become obscure and the whole body becomes dark-green or dull yellowish-green). A key is given to the species of Petrochromis.View full abstractDownload PDF (2467K) -
Masao Katayama, Hajime Masuda1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 142-145
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new anthiine fish, Anthias (Pseudanthias) truncatus is described from the Kerama Islands, Okinawa.This new species differs from all other species of the genus in the combination of a truncate caudal fin with shortly produced outer rays in males, slightly lunate in females, a dark red blotch on basal portion of seventh to tenth dorsal spines in males, and a red spot on tip of each lobe of caudal fin in females.View full abstractDownload PDF (3723K) -
Helen K. Larson1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 146-149
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new species of commensal goby, Lobulogobius morrigu, from the Arafura Sea, is described. It differs from the other known species, L. omanensis, in the compressed head and body, sculpturing on the angle of the preopercle and in lacking nape scales. L.omanensis is recorded from Australia for the first time.View full abstractDownload PDF (483K) -
Noritomo Komada1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 150-157
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify a developmental mechanism of vertebral anomalies, the incidence and the morphology of abnormal vertebrae in juvenile cyprinid fish, Zacco platypus, both wild-caught and laboratory-reared specimens were examined. The frquencies of vertebral anomalies in juvenile fish (8.0-33.0mm in standard length (SL)) collected from the Ibi River were higher than those from either the Yahagi River or the Toki River. In juvenile fish taken from the Ibi River, the frequency of vertebrae joined by abnormal calcium deposits was about 7 times as great as that of helical sutures of centra and about 14 times as great as that of shortened vertebrae.Out of the 4, 564 fish (8.0-19.0mm SL) taken from the Ibi River, 273 (5.98%) specimens had abnormal calcium deposits stained with alizarin red S alongside of vertebral column.In 273 fish having abnormal calcium deposits, 171 (62.6%) specimens showed abnormal calcium deposits extending from one centrum to the next one, and 13 (4.8%) specimens showed them extending to the two adjoining centra.In these defective vertebrae, the separate centra could be distinguished.And the other fish (32.6%) showed the abnormal calcium deposit attaching to a single centrum.The vertebrae joined by abnormal calcium deposits were seen only in fish ranging from 8.0-19.0mm SL;not a single instance of this anomaly has been found in fish ranging from 19.0-25.0mm SL. The frequencies and the incidence of the fused vertebrae throughout the vertebral column in fish ranging from 19.0-25.0mm SL were similar to those of vertebrae joined by abnormal calcium deposits in fish ranging from 8.0-19.0mm SL. These results may suggest that the vertebrae joined by abnormal calcium deposits extending to the adjoining centra in specimens ranging from 8.0-19.0mm SL were fused together during the next period, 19.0-25.0mm SL. Therefore, abnormal calcium deposits extending to the adjoining vertebrae are one cause for fused vertebrae in Zacco platypus. The frequencies of this type of vertebral anomaly in fish taken from the Ibi River were higher than those from either the Yahagi River or the Toki River.View full abstractDownload PDF (2722K) -
Lori J. Bell1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 158-167
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reproductive biology of the wrasse, Cirrhilabrus temminckii, was studied at one of the Izu Islands, Miyake-jima, Japan during August and September, 1979. Most males at the study site were territorial while females occurred in“herds.” Individual females migrated between male territories, indicating a promiscuous, but not necessarily random, mating system. The reproductive season at Miyake-jima was estimated to occur between May and September. Reproductive activity occurred in the afternoon and three pre-spawning actions were observed: flashing, rushing and looping.Only pair spawning was observed. Spawning tended to occur earlier as the time of sunset advanced. A relationship between timing of spawning and light intensity is suggested. Individual males were observed to spawn from 1 to 26 times per day. Interference spawning by a territorial, terminal-phase male is described.Initial-phase males are not believed to occur in this population. Male territoriality appeared to be based on the defense of territories for spawningassociated activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1468K) -
Akira Goto1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 168-175
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe spawning habits of two closely related river-sculpins, Cottus amblystomopsis and C.nozawae were compared. The spawning period partially overlapped between the two species though C.amblystomopsis began to spawn slightly before C.nozawae. There were no significant differences between the two species in micro-environmental conditions of the nest sites, such as the depth of water, current velocity, bottom substratum and the size of stones used as the nest.However, the spawning area in the course of the rivers was clearly geographically separated according to the species in most rivers studied; C.amblystomopsis spawned in the lower course of the river, while C.nozawae spawned in the upper course, distinctly apart from the spawning area of C.amblystomopsis. No noticeable differences were revealed between the two species in the pattern of spawning behavior, or the spawning time within the day. However, in mate preference tests, no mating occurred in heterospecific combinations between the two species, though conspecific combinations succeeded in mating in both species. From the present results, it appears that the two closely related species are reproductively isolated from each other, and it is suggested that geographical and ethological isolation may serve as important devices as isolating mechanisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (1102K) -
George M.Hughes, Shun-Ichi Umezawa1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 176-183
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure of the gills of yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) and frogfish (Phrynelox tridens) have been investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that these two species of widely differing habits both have a basic structure which, although related to their activity, is very similar to that found for fishes in other marine habitats.Yellowtail have an extensive gill system in which the water comes into closer contact (4μm) with the blood than in the more sluggish frogfish (6μm).The water/blood barrier in both cases consists of epithelial, basement membrane and pillar cell flange layers.The outer surface of the epithelium has microridges which have a convoluted form in the yellowtail. Chloride cells are extensively developed in frogfish and in some cases extend to regions near the marginal channels. The frogfish gill forms a less dense network which will provide less resistance to water flow. The gill filaments are not so well developed and are absent from the posterior hemibranch of the fourth arch.There are about 28 secondary lamellae/mm on one side of each filament in yellowtail but only 14-15/mm in Phrynelox. Morphometric diffusing capacity is about 2.5 times greater in yellowtail than frogfish gills.View full abstractDownload PDF (12825K) -
Hiroshi Onozato, Masaru Torisawa, Masayuki Kusama1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 184-190
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe erythrocytic size method for determination of ploidy in the crucian carp, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) collected from Hokkaido was examined. The ploidy of 17 fish was determined by somatic chromosome number.The mean major diameter of 20 erythrocytes per individual ranged from 13.0 to 14.4μm in 5 diploids, from 15.4 to 17.7μm in 7 triploids and from 20.6 to 22.2 μm in 5 tetraploids. The shape of erythrocytes tended to be more long and slender with the increase in ploidy. The distribution of the mean major diameter of 20 erythrocytes per individual was examined in 31 fish collected from Lake Akan and in 32 fish from the Tokoro River.They were divided into three groups according to their erythrocytic size.Karyotype analysis of 8 fish from the Tokoro River and erythrocyte shape suggested that the animals belonging to the first group, with the smallest erythrocytes, were diploids, while those belonging to the second group were triploids and those belonging to the third group were tetraploids.The critical size between diploid and triploid was 15 μm in mean major diameter of erythrocytes and that between triploid and tetraploid was 19 μm.
Ploidy was determined for a total of 1, 534 samples collected from 24 sites throughout Hokkaido by the erythrocytic size method. They were composed of diploids (38.3%), triploids (59.5%) and tetraploids (2.2%). Triploid fish were collected from 22 collecting sites and were the most dominant in 18 out of the 22 sites.Tetraploid fish were found in only 6 collecting sites located mainly in Eastern Hokkaido.View full abstractDownload PDF (2333K) -
Masaru Shiogaki1983 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 191-194
Published: August 15, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe genus Chirolophis is characterized by two or three pairs of supraorbital tentacles; teeth on jaws forming two alternating rows, incisiform in most species;no teeth on vomer and palatines;pelvic fin with three or four rays; the presence of siphon of gill covering and postcleithrum composed of one or two elements (Makushok, 1958;Shiogaki, 1981). Along the northern coast of Japan, this genus is repreented by three species, C.japonicus, C.otohime and C.saitone (Ichthyological Society of Japan, 1981). C.saitone is separable from its congeners by its pointed teeth, mossy head and fewer number of dorsal and anal rays. C.japonicus is mainly distinguished from C.otohime by scaled cheeks.
Although the squamation on cheek among the northern blennies has been believed a specific or even generic character in previous articles (e.g., Jordan and Snyder, 1902), my observations showed that the scales on the cheek of C.otohime developed with the growth of fish.In other words, it is doubtful to separate C.japonicus from C.otohime by this character. The purpose of the present paper is to show that C.otohime is a junior synonym of C.japonicus.View full abstractDownload PDF (530K)
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