Japanese Journal of Ichthyology

Heteronarce rierai, a New Narkid Ray from Mozambique, Western Indian Ocean

Domingo Horis, Jaime Rucabado

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 327-332
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.327

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Heteronarce rierai sp.nov. is described on the basis of six specimens, one male and five females, caught in the waters off Mozambique (western Indian Ocean). Total lengths range from 257 to 296mm . The new species is distinguished from the three other species of the genus Heteronarce by its narrower disc width (29.6% of TL in male, and 33.0 to 39.2% of TL in females), shorter disc length (32.7% of TL in male, and 34.4 to 40.6% of TL in females), and its longer interdorsal distance (10.1 to 11.7% of TL).

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Hypergastromyzon eubranchus, a New Species of Gastromyzontin Loach (Homalopteridae) from Sarawak

Tyson R. Roberts

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 333-336
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.333

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Hypergastromyzon eubranchus sp.nov. is described from the Lupar basin of Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. It differs from the only other known species of Hypergastromyzon, H. humilis, from the Kapuas basin of western Borneo, in having a very large gill opening instead of a greatly reduced one, 23-25 instead of 28-30 branched pectoral fin rays, and pelvic fins incompletely rather than completely united to each other posteriorly.

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Ceratobregma striata, a New Triplefin (Tripterygiidae) from Northern Australia, and a Record of Norfolkia brachylepis from Western Australia

Ronald Fricke

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 337-343
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.337

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A new species of tripterygiid fish, belonging to the recently described genus Ceratobregma Holleman, 1987, is characterized by a total of 17 spines in the second dorsal fin, 8 rays in the third dorsal fin, 20 anal fin rays (spines+rays=22), 14+21 lateral line scales, a total of 35-37 lateral scale series, small spiny scales on the sides of the head behind the eye and on the upper cheeks, 14 vertical dark stripes along the upper sides of the body, and 8 basal blotches on the second dorsal fin. A key to the species of Ceratobregma is presented. Norfolkia brachylepis is described and recorded from northwestern Australia. Norfolkia springeri is synonymized with N. brachylepis.

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The Status of the Gobioid Genus Paroxyurichthys

Frank Pezold

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 344-353
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.344

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Examination of the holotype and only known specimen of Paroxyurichthys typus Bleeker, 1876, from Indonesia revealed it to have distinctions of the cephalic lateralis, post-cranial axial osteology and pigmentation diagnostic of Gobionellus oceanicus (Pallas, 1770) of the western Atlantic. Paroxyurichthys Bleeker, 1876, is a junior synonym of Gobionellus Girard, 1859. The only other species commonly referred to Paroxyurichthys, Oxyurichthys laterisquamatus Weber, 1908, from New Guinea, has anterior nares medial to the oculoscapular canals of the spout, This feature is a synapomorphy of the genus Stenogobius Bleeker, 1874. The new combination, Stenogobius laterisquamatus is proposed.

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Karyological Study of the Doily Varden Salvelinus malma from Alaska

Takayoshi Ueda, Hiroyuki Fukuda, Jindo Kobayashi

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 354-357
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.354

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The karyotype of the dolly varden Salvelinus malma from Alaska was analysed. A pair of huge acrocentrics, which could have resulted from either tandem fusion or centric fusion followed by pericentric inversion, was observed. Ag-NORs were observed at the terminal regions of the second largest chromosome pair, and individual size-differences in Ag-NORs and in chromosomes with Ag-bands were found. From a comparison of the karyotypes of the dolly varden from Alaska and Hokkaido (Japan), karyotype differentiation by pericentric inversion and translocation was discussed.

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Karyotypes of Three Species of the Family Cottidae (Scorpaeniformes)

Hiroaki Terashima, Hitoshi Ida

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 358-362
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.358

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Karyotypes and cellular DNA contents of three species of the family Cottidae viz. Icelus cataphractus, Gymnocanthus intermedius and Alcichthys alcicornis were analyzed. Structural modifications within the family were supposedly by Robertsonian translocations. The diploid chromosome numbers were determined to be 48 in Alcichthys alcicornis, 44 in Gymnocanthus intermedius and 40 in Icelus cataphractus. The DNA contents ranged from 1.46 to 1.50pg/cell in the three species. The karyotype of Icelus cataphractus is unique in having the smallest chromosome number (2n=40) and 14 large-sized chromosomes. From the chromosome number and the existence of some large chromosome pairs, Robertsonian translocations seem to have occurred frequently in Icelus cataphractus and Gymnocanthus intermedius.

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Epithelium of Lips and Associated Structures of the Indian Major Carp, Catla catla

Nalini Agrawal, Ajay Kumar Mittal

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 363-373
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.363

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Structural organization of the epithelium of the lips and associated structures of the Indian major carp, Catla catla, is described. The upper lip is thin and is associated on its dorsal side with a membranous fold of skin and the rostral cap.In contrast, the lower lip is thick and very conspicuous. It is associated on its ventral side with a fold of skin between it and the ventral head skin. The lower lip is divided into a non-projectile portion, a projectile portion and an intermediate groove region. The projectile portion remains folded covering a part of the ventral head skin when the mouth is closed. Their role in relation to the formation of the characteristic feeding tube is discussed. The epithelium of the lips and associated structures is stratified in nature and is composed of the epithelial cells, mucous cells, club cells, lymphocytes and the taste buds. The mucous cells are small, few or even absent and do not appear to secrete profusely at the surfaces of the upper and the lower lips. This suggests that the lips in Catla catla, which feeds on micro-organisms, do not need extra lubrication for protection against abrasion during feeding. In the epithelium at the folds of skin, the voluminous mucous cells secrete profusely and provide extra lubrication to their surface. This reduces the resistance to surface drag during stretching and enables the jaws to protrude with increasing efficiency and swiftness. The club cells are developed additionally to complement the mucous cells in the rostral cap and the upper lip epithelium. Their primary function appears protective in some way, which needs further confirmation. The taste buds, though few in the lower lip, are located in a good number in the upper lip on the characteristic epithelial papillae-like projections, and are projected at the surface. These have been associated with the acute gustatory sense of the fish. The taste buds are absent on the folds of skin where they may not be of much significance.

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Masculinization in a Hermaphroditic Female of the Mosquitofish Heterandria formosa

Rüdiger Riehl

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 374-380
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.374

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A masculinized female of Heterandria formosa is described for the first time. In size it ranges with 28mm total length between adult males (17-20mm) and adult females (35-40mm). A masculinized anal fin of about 5mm length is clearly evident. Rays I and II are reduced as in normal males. Rays III to V are elongated and show features of a developing gonopodium. The remaining rays VI to VIII show the expected shape of a “normal fin.” The genus-specific hook which normally originates in the anterior ramus of ray IV and the proximal serrae which derive from the posterior ramus of ray IV are absent in the masculinized analis. The gravid spots of pregnant normal females are absent. The causes for the formation of a masculinized anal fin in a female of H. formosa are still unknown. In the masculinized female a hermaphroditic gonad is found in which female and male sections are readily distinguishable. The female regions are dominant. The oocytes of the hermaphroditic gonad are in the stage of vitellogenesis showing a thin zona radiata. The male regions with spermatozoa and Sertoli cells are distributed throughout the ovarian tissue. This mode of hermaphroditism, in which both mature oocytes and mature spermatozoa simultaneously occur in the gonad, is unique among fishes.

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Testicular Development and Serum Levels of Gonadal Steroids during the Annual Reproductive Cycle of Captive Japanese Sardine

Michiya Matsuyama, Shinji Adachi, Yoshitaka Nagahama, Chikara Kitajima ...

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 381-390
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.381

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Gonad and blood samples were taken throughout the year from captive males of the Japanese sardine, Sardinops melanostictus, and changes in serum levels of gonadal steroids were examined in relation to the annual gonadal cycle. On the basis of testicular histology, the annual gonadal cycle was divisible into four periods: immature (July-September), spermatogenesis (October-December), spermiation (January-April), and post-spawning (May-June). The pattern of seasonal changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was inversely correlated with that of water temperature, and reflected the degree of testicular maturity. The serum testosterone level was relatively low during spermatogenesis (2.2-2.5ng/ml), rose markedly around the time of spermiation (7.7-24.6ng/ml), and became low after spawning and during immature periods (0.6-0.7ng/ml). The serum 17α, 20/β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one level was high in males with spermatogenic or spermiating testes (0.6-1.0ng/ml), but became low (0.2ng/ ml) during the post-spawning period and was undetectable in immature fish. Although 11-ketotestosterone was detectable in some fish, the values obtained were thought to reflect cross-reactivity of the antiserum employed with testosterone. These findings are discussed in relation to male reproduction of the Japanese sardine and steroidal regulation of spermatogenesis and spermiation in other teleosts.

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The Little Dragon Sculpin Blepsias cirrhosus, Another Case of Internal Gametic Association and External Fertilization

Hiroyuki Munehara, Kazunori Takano, Yasunori Koya

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 391-394
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.391

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In the copulating cottid species, Blepsias cirrhosus, the point at which fertilization occurred was determined experimentally. Ovulated eggs were obtained directly from the ovary of impregnated females. Eggs maintained in ovarian fluid did not show any signs of development, whereas most of the eggs which had been placed in seawater had developed to the 4-cell stage after 24 hrs. The eggs kept in ovarian fluid initiated segmentation when later transferred into seawater. Histological examination showed that a number of spermatozoa had entered the micropyle, but that penetration did not occur in eggs that were not immersed in seawater. In these eggs, the metaphase spindle of the second meiotic division was observed in the ooplasm, at the animal pole. These results indicate that, in impregnated females, the spermatozoa associate with the eggs in the ovarian cavity, but that fertilization occurs externally when the eggs are spawned.

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Growth-Related Changes in Color and Sex in Halichoeres poecilopterus

Yukio Fukui, Kenji Gushima, Shunpei Kakuda, Hiroaki Hashimoto

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 395-401
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.395

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Coloration and sex change were studied in a temperate wrasse Halichoeres poecilopterus in the central part of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. 1, 270 examples, 45-179mm SL, were collected from May to December both in 1983 and 1984. The species is a diandric, protogynous hermaphrodite, and has three color patterns: pale color type (A), brilliant color type (B) and intermediate color type (AB). A-fish were less than 142mm SL and consisted of primary males (42.6%), females (55.4%), secondary males (0.3%) and fish with transitional gonads (1.7%). A-females changed their color to B, through AB, in the size range 101-131mm SL. A-primary males changed their color to B, through AB, in the size range 103-134mm SL. B-fish consisted of primary males (38.6%), secondary males (54.6%) and fish with transitional gonads (6.8%). The majority of females changed their sex to male in the size range 98-131mm SL.

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The Relationship between Locomotor Activity Rhythm and Burying Behavior in the Wrasse, Suezichthys gracilis

Genjirou Nishi

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 402-409
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.402

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The wrasse, Suezichthys gracilis, is a diurnal fish which buries itself in sand during the night-time. The present paper deals with the locomotor activity rhythms of S. gracilis, examined by using an actograph with infra-red photo-electric switches in a dark room. The fish were kept in eight experimental tanks (each 30l in capacity), with three different bottom conditions: sand (grain size about 1mm in diameter and 5 cm deep); 1 or 2 stones (about 10cm in diameter) without sand; and transparent acrylic pellets (2×2×3mm in size, 5cm deep). The light intensities were 550-700 lux just above the water surface, decreasing to 21.3% under the acrylic pellets at a water depth of 20cm. The water temperatures were kept at 22.0-25.0°C during the experiments for 7 to 14 days. In the aquarium with bottom sand, diel activity rhythms of S. gracilis were mostly synchronized to LD (LD12: 12; 06: 00-18: 00 light, 18: 00-06: 00 dark), free-running activity rhythms continued distinctly under LL (constant illumination), and locomotor activity was greatly suppressed, with disappearance of the activity rhythm, under DD (constant darkness). In the aquarium without sand, locomotor activity of S. gracilis could be summarized as follows. The fish moved throughout almost the entire period under LD, though more frequent movements were observed in light conditions than in dark ones. Under LL they showed continuous locomotor activity during the experiment, with no obvious periodicity. Under DD the activity of the species was somewhat suppressed, but irregular movement or indistinct periodicity was observed. In the aquarium with transparent acrylic pellets, locomotor activity under LD and DD, respectively, bore a close resemblance to activity patterns under the same light conditions with sand, whilst activity under LL was identical to that under LL without sand. Accordingly, it seems that maintenance of normal activity rhythms in the wrasse was due not only to the darkness, but also to the presence of bottom sand. It therefore seems that the biological clock in S. gracilis is not related to locomotor activity, but to burying behavior.

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Record of Lipogenys gillii (Notacanthiformes, Lipogenyidae) from Japan with Comments on L. plaxae as a Junior Synonym

Tetsuji Nakabo, Naomi Shiratori, Michio Omori

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 410-413
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.410

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Larvae of the Genus Parabothus (Bothidae) Collected from Japan

Youichi Tsukamoto, Atsushi Fukui, Muneo Okiyama

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 414-417
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.414

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Guanine Used as Retinal Tapetal Material in Notopterus and Gymnarchus (Osteoglossiformes, Notopteroidei)

Hiroaki Somiya

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 418-420
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.418

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Spontaneous Tumors in the Cutlass Fish Trichiurus lepturus and the Dusky Spinefoot Siganus fuscescens

Makoto Endo

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 421-423
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.421

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A Record of “Ukekuchi-ugui, ” Tribolodon sp., from the Mogami River, Yamagata Prefecture

Harumi Sakai, Kazuhiko Katsura, Shigeyoshi Onozawa

1991 Volume 37 Issue 4 Pages 424-426
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11369/jji1950.37.424

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