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Volume 38, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Darrell J. Siebert1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 97-114
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe genus Acanthopsoides Fowler, 1934 is revised; Neacanthopsis Smith, 1945 is placed in the synonymy of Acanthopsoides. In addition to Acanthopsoides gracilis Fowler, 1934 and Acanthopsoides gracilentus (Smith, 1945), four new species are described in the genus. These are A. delphax of the Salween, Chao Phraya and Mekong river basins, A. hapalias of the Mekong River basin, A. molobrion from peninsular Thailand, Malaysia and Borneo, and A. robertsi from the Kapuas River basin and adjacent areas, Borneo. The known distribution of the genus includes most of Southeast Asia. Acanthopsoides gracilis, A. gracilentus, and A. delphax are sympatric: A. molobrion and A. robertsi in the Kapuas River basin and A. gracilentus, A. delphax and A. hapalias in the Mekong River basin may be also. The increase in the diversity of Acanthopsoides recognized herein may be indicative of the level of the unknown diversity of the Southeast Asian freshwater fish fauna in general.View full abstractDownload PDF (12371K) -
Bo Femholm1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 115-118
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new species of hagfish (Myxinidae), Eptatretus eos, is described on the basis of one specimen from the Tasman Sea, west of New Zealand. This five-gilled, deep-sea species differs from previously described hagfish in having the unpaired nostril prolonged into a tube-like snout and in being uniformly pink.View full abstractDownload PDF (2921K) -
Kunio Sasaki, Patricia J. Kailola1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 119-123
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new sciaenid, Johnius (Johnius) laevis, is described from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Amongsthe Johnius (Johnius) species with no mental barbel, ctenoid body scales, and more than 10 lower gill rakers, the new species is distinguished by the combination of the following characters: dorsal soft rays 29-34; scales above the lateral line 5-6, and below 8-10; eye diameter 22.4-30% HL;interorbital width 24.6-29.8% HL; and body scales with weakly developed ctenii.View full abstractDownload PDF (742K) -
Daniel M. Cohen, Dannie A. Hensley, Joseph L. Kimmel1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 125-132
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBassobythites Brauer is a junior synonym of Lamprogrammus Alcock. L. macropterus Smith and Radcliffe is a junior synonym of L. brunswigi Brauer. L. brunswigi is diagnosed by having: abasibranchial tooth patch; the postero-dorsal margin of the maxillary free or nearly so; a relatively well-developed opercular spine in larger examples. Known distribution is circumtropical except for the eastern Pacific, at trawled depths of 800-1600m.View full abstractDownload PDF (1091K) -
Toshio Okazaki, Masakazu Watanabe, Kenya Mizuguchi, Kazumi Hosoya1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 133-140
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo types of the dark chub, Zacco temmincki, collected from 10 river systems in Japan were genetically characterized at 27 protein coding loci using starch-gel electrophoresis. They were fixed for different alleles at 13 loci. No hybrid individuals were observed, even in specimens collected in stations where both types appear sympatrically, indicating that each type of the dark chub represents a distinct species.View full abstractDownload PDF (1748K) -
Chromosome Banding Study of the Golden Loach, Sabanejewia aurata balcanica from Slovakia (Cobitidae)P. Ráb, P. Roth, E.D. Vasiljeva1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 141-146
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe karyotype of a subspecies of the golden loach, Sabanejewia aurata balcanica from eastern Slovakia was studied by conventional Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR staining, and C-banding. The diploid chromosome number was 2n=50. The karyotype comprised 2 pairs of metacentric, 6 pairs of submetacentric and 17 pairs of subtelocentric to acrocentric chromosomes. Both metacentric pairs and 2 large subtelocentric pairs had massive pericentromeric blocks, while all other elements had only weak blocks of heterochromatin. The NORs were localized on the short arms of one middle-sized subtelocentric pair .The karyotype of S. a. balcanica differs from that of S. aurata kubanica, suggesting chromosomal polymorphism of this widely distributed, polytypic cobitid species. The polymorphic karyotypes of the golden loach may thus demonstrate transient stages, linking primitive and advanced cobitid karyotypes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1280K) -
Masanori Kohda1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 147-163
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntra-and interspecific social organization among 3 coexisting herbivorous cichlids, Tropheus moorii, Petrochromis trewavasae and P.orthognathus, were studied at a rocky shore in Lake Tanganyika .Individuals of all species maintained discrete intra-and interspecific territories, except T. moorii and P.trewavasae whose feeding territories overlapped. Territory owners attacked smaller individuals but exhibited displays towards larger neighbours, irrespective of species. This observation suggests that both intra-and interspecifically, these cichlids interact in the context of size-dependent dominance hierarchies .Removal experiments showed that smaller T. moorii benefitted from P. trewavasae in the maintenance of their territory borders against larger P. orthognathus. Interspecific dominance hierarchy and commensalism among these cichlids are not species specific, but change dynamically in relation to the difference in body size between component individuals. Mating territories of male P. orthognathus and T. moorii are compared to their feeding territories, and territory forms are discussed . It is suggested that an approach incorporating the concept of an interspecific society may play an important role in the elucidation of guild structure and function.View full abstractDownload PDF (2741K) -
Akihisa Hattori1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 165-177
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSocial structure, growth and reproductive experience of a protandrous anemonefish, Amphiprion frenatus, were investigated on a coral reef in Okinawa, Japan. In a 67m×334m study area, 24 breeding groups, 10 nonbreeding groups and 2 groups of unknown breeding experience were found around isolated sea anemones. One group usually consisted of 2 or 3 fish. The female in a breeding group was larger than not only her mate but also all males in other breeding groups. The body size and gonadal state of the largest individual in a nonbreeding group were intermediate between the female and male in abreeding group.In both breeding and nonbreeding groups, the largest fish retarded growth of the second largest. After the disappearance or removal of females, their mates took more than 1.5 years to attain the minimum functional female size (about 75mm in standard length). This delayed sex change can be attributed to strong growth suppression by the female.View full abstractDownload PDF (5125K) -
Hiroyuki Munehara1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 179-184
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was established that the little dragon sculpin Blepsias cirrhosus uses the sponge species Mycale adhaerens as a spawning bed. The eggs were completely concealed in the sponge tissues, and caused the sponge skeleton to be partly damaged. It is conceivable that the exclusive utilization of M. adhaerens by B. cirrhosus is a consequence of the advantageous softness and thickness of the sponge which allows the fish to inject the eggs. The eggs deposited in the sponge seemed to take advantage of predator avoidance, a constant supply of oxygen, and little interference by bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (6554K) -
Masashi Iwamizu, Yasuo Itazawa1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 185-190
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe arrangement of the segmental vessels of Trachurus japonicus is described using the corrosion casting method. A modified arrangement is found in the posterior half of the series of the lateral segmental vessles, where the consecutive vascular lanes are double-tracked with a set of an artery and a vein instead of being single-tracked with an artery and a vein by turns. The double-tracking mode is at such an intermediate stage that additional vascular components can be readily distinguished from basic ones showing full development. The area of additional segmental vessels is restricted to the bulky central portion of the superficial red muscle in the caudal region. Typically single-tracked vessels in the remaining segmental lanes are found to be accompanied by potential additional vessels of small size. The equipment of the additional vessels is interpreted as an invention to offset an excessive vascular resistance within a thick myomere, and ultimately as a compensation for myomere thickness consequent upon low vertebral counts.View full abstractDownload PDF (7239K) -
Rüdiger Riehl, Samuel Appelbaum1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 191-197
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEggs of the catfish Clarias gariepinus were investigated for the first time using light and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). In shape, they differ strongly from those of other teleosts, their characteristic profile resembling a fur cap.This shape is unique among the eggs of teleostean fishes. The eggs of C. gariepinus are attached to substrata at their animal pole, which shows an annular bulge consisting of numerous tiny attaching-filaments . These filaments seem to be a part of the zona radiata externa. The micropyle, located within the center of the annular bulge, is a straight opening in the zona radiata. Different ways of egg adhesion in teleosts were compared and discussed as well as the position of the micropyle with respect to fertilization.View full abstractDownload PDF (6317K) -
Tomoji Ikeda, Satoshi Chuma, Muneo Okiyama1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 199-206
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPelagic fish eggs are usually fixed by formalin solution just after collection in the field. Most of these eggs are difficult to be identified to species, because only limited characters are available for identification and considerable changes in structures take place with fixation . In this study, species names of formalin fixed eggs were estimated by comparing their egg diameters and the diameter and number of oil globules with those of the fresh ones identified by the rearing method . Materials were collected in Wakasa Bay in May, August, and October, 1979-1982. Fresh eggs were classified into 40 species or types by the rearing method, but fixed eggs were divided into only 24 types. Comparison of fresh and fixed eggs revealed that 7 out of 24 types of fixed eggs were referable to species, and 13 types were composed of species groups.The rearing method is surely a useful step in indentifying species names and/or species types of fixed eggs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1012K) -
Tomokichi Kobayashi, Setsuhisa Hiyama1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 207-210
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine the distribution, abundance, and food habits of the snailfish, Liparis tanakai, in the Suo Sea, western Seto Inland Sea of Japan, experimental fishing surveys were made using trawl nets on the night (1930-0340h) of 26 May and 2 and 3 June, 1986. The study area was subdivided into 18 areas, each sampled by one trawl tow of 35min duration. A total of 190 fish was collected during the surveys, and most fish (78.9%) were obtained from muddy substrata ranging in depth from 30 to 40m at the middle area of the Suo Sea. The total length of the fish in the samples ranged from 72 to 273mm. The overall length-frequency distribution formed a unimodal curve, the mode occurring at the class of 100-130mm in total length. Of 151 fish examined, 146 (96.7%) had stomachs full of food, including a variety of small crustaceans and fish. Shrimps, especially Crangon affinis, ranked highest in importance in the diet of L. tanakai. These biological data are compared with those of conspecifics from Sendai Bay, northern Honshu of Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Shiro Fujita, Yoshiharu Honma1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 211-218
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOvarian maturation of the puffer Takifugu exascurus (Jordan et Snyder) was induced, and embry-onic, larval and juvenile development was observed. The brood fish were collected in Tassha Bay, Sado Island (38°05'N, 138°15'E), during the spawning season in 1986 which seemed to extend from late June to mid-July. To each female 3mg acetone-dried pituitary of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix was injected to induce ovarian maturation, which took place in about 77 hours at a water temperature of 19.5-21.0°. The eggs obtained by hormone injection were artificially fertilized with the milt from a collected male. The hatched larvae were fed successively on rotifers Brachionus plicatilis, Artemia nauplii and minced fish meat, and reared for a period of about one year.
The eggs were spherical, 1.24±0.04mm in diameter, demersal and adhesive. The egg-membrane Was transparent and yolk was orange in color, containing a cluster of small oil-globules. The incubation period was about 160 hours at a water temperature of 18.5-21.0°. The newly-hatched larvae, measuring 2.9-3.1mm TL, had 8+15=23 myomeres. Absorption of the yolk was completed 3 days after hatching, by which time the larvae had attained 3.5-3.6mm TL. Larval finfolds disappeared and rudimentary dorsal, anal and caudal fins formed at 4.1-4.4mm TL, in 6 days after hatching. In 9-day old larva (5.4mm TL), fin ray rudiments appeared on the dosal, anal and caudal fins and spine-like scale formed on the belly. In 16-day old specimens, 9.1-10.2mm TL, the full complements of fin rays were completed on all the fins and the fish reached the juvenile stage. The growth of larvae and juveniles reared in 1986-1987 is expressed by the following equations, where y is total length (mm) and x is days after hatching.
y1=2.9420·1.0639x0≤x≤19 (r=0.998)
y2=4.0286·1.0464x19≤x≤33 (r=0.998)
y3=9.8854·1.0180x33≤x≤72 (r=0.996)
y4=20.1555·1.0080x72≤x≤115 (r=0.998)
y5=28.0610·1.0049x115≤x≤202 (r=0.995)View full abstractDownload PDF (3226K) -
Tsuneo Nakajima1991 Volume 38 Issue 2 Pages 219-226
Published: October 15, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCyprinid fishes generally replace their teeth alternately and cephalad. The larvae of Carassius auratus grandoculis also replace their teeth alternately and cephalad, in a pattern of 4-2-3-1-. However, adults of Carassius species replace their teeth from anterior to posterior, in a pattern of 1-2-3-4-1-. So I analyzed the appearance pattern of tooth germs in larvae and juveniles in Carassius auratus grandoculis. At stage 5 of the post-larval period, developmental difference is made between both sides. In the pharyngeal dentition on one side developing poorly, the anterior tooth on the fifth replacement wave, tooth 4 [An2] appeared later than the central teeth on following replacement wave, tooth 5 [Po1]. Moreover, the anterior tooth on the seventh replacement wave, tooth 6 [An2], appeared later than the central teeth on the following replacement wave, tooth 7 [Po1], on both sides. The reverse of tooth germ appearance between anterior teeth and central teeth makes a change of replacement pattern from 4-2-3-1-4- to 1-2-3-4-1-. The change of replacement pattern is caused by the confusion of tooth germs of anterior teeth on both sides. Mylopharyngodon piceus and Cyprinus carpio make a change of replacement patterns in the early juvenile period, too. This change of replacement pattern may be a specialized character among the subfamily Cyprininae.View full abstractDownload PDF (777K)
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