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Volume 26 (1985)
- Issue 4 Pages 261-
- Issue 3 Pages 199-
- Issue 2 Pages 145-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 4
Displaying 1-5 of 5 articles from this issue
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Interdental SigmatismsHiroshi Ooshima1985 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 261-266
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that many school children, particularly of young age, show articulation errors in the course of speech development. However, most of errors of this type are usually overlooked by physicians who are in charge for the regular health check in school. As one of the examples of articulation errors in Japanese, interdental articulation of /s/ has often been noted. In the present study, the incidence of interdental /s/ was observed in 7274 children in selected schools in Hachiooji, Tokyo, at the time of regular health checkup. As a test procedure, a simple observation of the face was made while the child was uttering his or her name in front of the examiner. As a result, interdental articulation was found in 18.7% of the children in the lower grade, while the incidence decreased to 4% in the higher grade. The latter incidence remained unchanged even in high school students. Most of the children showing interdental articulation of /s/, also had a tendency of interdental pronunciation of /t/ and /n/. Medical examinations revealed that those children showing interdental articulation did not have any severe impairments such as rhinitis, hypertrophic tonsils and dental abnormalities which might force them to open their mouth. It was argued that even minor articulation errors might cause a disturbance in human communication, particularly occupational situation in social life. From this view point, significance of speech correction in school was emphasized.View full abstractDownload PDF (824K) -
Motonobu Itoh, Itaru F. Tatsumi, Sumiko Sasanuma, Yoko Fukusako1985 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 267-278
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain accurate information on auditory perceptual deficits of aphasia, the present study examined the identification of synthetic sounds (both speech and non-speech) with varying voice onset times (VDTs) in normal (both young adult and aged) and aphasic subjects. Major findings included the following : (1) the data from an identification experiment with non-speech stimuli obtained only from the normal young adult subjects showed evidence for the existence of categorical judgment for such stimuli ; (2) There is no difference in the values of μ (the category boundary), σ (the accuracy of identification) and qe (the category confusion rate) between the normal young adult and aged subjects, suggesting that aging does not seem to affect the VOT perception of speech stimuli ; (3) approximately two thirds of the aphasic subjects exhibited abnormal values of μ, σ or qe, indicatting that they had problems in the VOT perception of speech stimuli. A further analysis suggests that the problems of the majority of these subjects may be attributable not only to difficulty in identifying (labeling) the stimuli but also to difficulty in processing the acoustic and/or phonetic information of the stimuli.View full abstractDownload PDF (1485K) -
Yoshie Yotsukura, Kiminao Oishi, Shuji Sawaki, Hiroya Yamaguchi, Youko ...1985 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 279-288
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwenty adult females with vocal nodules were examined and subjected to voice therapy using a phonolaryngograph. The results were as follows:
1. It was considered that vocal nodules were caused by vocal abuse or excess use in all the cases. The following factors might also be taken into consideration ; strain in the neck and shoulder in 6 cases, hard glottal attack in 4 cases, loud voice in chest register in 3 cases, and singing over one's own rannge in 1 case.
2. Voice rest was most effective for reducing the size of nodules. For strict regulation of voice usage, admission to the hospital was mandatory.
3. For visualal feedback training, so called a phonolayngograph was used to indicate the time courses of air flow rate, intensity and pitch of voice simultaneously on the screen. This training method was simple but proved effective for voice therapy.
4. Laryngoscopic observations revealed that vocal nodules either disappeared or reduced in size within 3 to 4 months of voice therapy in 60% of the cases.
5. The presence of inflammation and/or edema of the vocal cords is also importnat for determining the effectiveness of this voice therapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1093K) -
Measurement of Pitch PerturbationYumi Sasaki, Eiji Yumoto, Hiroshi Okamura1985 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 289-295
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPitch perturbation in the sustained phonation /a/ was analyzed by use of a sound spectrograph (Digital Sonagraph Model 7800, Kay Elemetrics Corp.) . The extent of pitch fluctuation of a phonatory sample was measured on the highest harmonic strips of a sound spectrogram (0-2 kHz range & 11.3 Hz filter width) . Two other indices were obtained through a minicomputer system : maximum pick fluctuation (ΔF), comparable to the value measued by the sound spectrogram, and cycle-to-cycle pitch perturbation (F) . The subjects consisted of 20 normal and 30 pathological cases with varying degrees of hoarseness. The values measured by sound spectrogram of the pathological voices had a significant correlation with ΔF and F (p<0.01) . The values measured by sound spectrogram of the normal voices ranged from 1.7% to 4.8% with a mean of 2.7. %We estimated that 95% of the normal subjects have a value smaller than 4.2%. According to this criterion with a 5% false alarm rate, 73.3% of the pathological phonatory samples were differentiated from normal samples. In the same fashion, each ΔF and F detected 76.7%. of the pathological samples from normals. These results showed that the extent of pitch fluctuation obtained from a sound spectrogram was a reliable and clinically useful index.View full abstractDownload PDF (4798K) -
Hiroko Takahashi1985 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 296-303
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe prepared evaluation sheets to study oral dysfunctions in young infants. These enabled analysis of response patterns of oral movements such as the rooting reflex, biting reflex, sucking reflex and swallowing reflex. Tests further permitted analysis of the motor patterns of oral movements when the baby sucks a bottle, cries, or rests. We tested and compared 35 normal infants (0-1M) with 16 brain-injured infants included many cerebral palsied infants (2-9M) .
The results were as follows:
1) We agreed with the definitions that have been reported as concerns the response patterns of the sucking and swallowing reflexes in normal babies. For the rooting and biting reflexes, however, we found new patterns in the lower jaw and tongue that have not been reported earlier.
2) In all test items, we observed abnormal patterns in the brain-injured group but not in the normal group. These abnormal patterns were of very high frequency in cerebral palsied infants, particularly in the oral reflexes and bottle-sucking.
When we evaluated 16 brain-injured infants (including 13 cerebral palsied infants) after 3-4 years, we recognized that the 13 cerebral palsied children showed obvious motor dysfunctions of oral movements. We therefore conclude that we can effectually discover motor dysfunctions of oral movements using our evaluation sheets.View full abstractDownload PDF (1066K)
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