The Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics
Online ISSN : 1884-3646
Print ISSN : 0030-2813
ISSN-L : 0030-2813
Volume 27, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • Kyoko Endo, Yoko Fukusako, Hisako Monoi, Itaru F. Tatsumi, Kazuko Kuma ...
    1986 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 129-136
    Published: April 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Although dysarthria in cerebral lesions has been considered as a symptom of bilateral pathology, our clinical experience suggests that it may also result from unilateral lesions.
    Speech characteristics of dysarthric patients with unilateral cerebral lesions were studied using a specially designed dysarthria rating scale based on auditory impressions. The subjects were 26 dysarthric patients with unilateral cerebral lesions confirmed by CT scan. 13 normal subjects served as controls. Two-minutes-long speech samples were compiled for each subject and rated by five experienced judges.
    The results were as follows:
    1) The dysarthric subjects showed deficient scores on several items on the rating scale while none of the normal controls showed deficient scores.
    2) Although the speech characteristics of the dysarthric subjects in the present study were similar to that of the pseudobulbar palsy patients, the present subjects were less impaired in terms of severity as compared to the pseudobulbar palsy patients.
    3) Subjects with left hemisphere lesions generally exhibited severer impairment than the subjects with right hemisphere lesions.
    4) The severity of dysarthria was not clearly related to the size of cerebral lesions as obtained by CT scan.
    5) Although the results of the present study suggest the possibility of unilateral lesion induced dysarthria, the findings should be considered within the limits of the diagnostic precision of CT scan studies.
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  • Takuya Miyahara
    1986 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 137-146
    Published: April 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Ultra-high-speep cinematography, measurements of airflow and sound pressure level (SPL) were conducted with nine singing voice samples produced by a professional tenor singer. The voice samples were chosen on the basis of Husler's placing. Estimated volume velocity curve, estimated maximum volume velocity, maximum glottic width, mean airflow rate, open quotient, speed quotient, speed index, SPL, distance between the false folds were determined and related to voice quality.
    The results were summarized as follows:
    1) Placing No. 2 was characterized by a tight glottic closure, a narrow supraglottic space, a high pulmonary and subglottic pressure, and a high SPL. The estimated maximum volume velocity and mean airflow rate were also very high.
    2) Placing No. 3a was associated with a moderate glottic closure and pulmonary pressure. The supraglottis was not very nassow. The estimated maximum volume velocity was high aut mean airflow rate was moderate.
    3) Placing No. 3b was accompanied by a soft glottic closure, a wide supraglottic space and a low pulmonary and subglottic pressure. The estimated maximum volume velocity was high but the mean airflow rate was moderate.
    4) Placing No. 4 and 5 were characterized by a glottic adjustment for falsetto. The estimated maximum volume velocity and mean airflow rate were rather low.
    5) Placing No. 6 was associated with a fairly tight glottis closure, a moderate pulmonary pressure, and a high SPL. The estimated maximum volume velocity was high but the mean airflow rate was low.
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  • Chieko Kojima, Kenji Yokochi, Masato Okada
    1986 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 147-156
    Published: April 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The subject was a 13-year-old boy manifesting delayed speech and learning disability including problems of reading and writing.
    He was born after an uneventful pregnancy and delivery. In infancy, he had difficulty both in auditory comprehension and verbal output. In childhood, his academic achievement was poor and he had difficulty in reading and writing. During the first visit to our clinic, a discrepancy between verbal and performance IQ was recognized (V66 P 110 by WISC) .
    He was unable to read and write Kana-letters accurately and also could not fully distinguish individual syllables from listened words. The subject could, however, acquire more words through Kanji-letters than Kana-letters. So Kanji-letters were thought to be a more successful tool in language acquisition in this case.
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  • Hiroshi Muta, Hiroyuki Fukuda, Manabu Sato, Etsuyo Takayama
    1986 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 157-167
    Published: April 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to evaluate the expiration flow performace during easy phonation, a parameter called“I/F index”was proposed. This index was defined as subtracting the standard intensity level of 60 dB S. P. L. from voice intensity and divided by air flow rate. The I/F index was measured through the“easy”sustained phonation of /o/, that was induced by the examiner so as to follow the same pitch and intensity of the examinee's normal speech voices.
    A retrospective comparative study on this index to other phonatory parameters, such as mean flow rate, maximum phonaton time and the wave-flow index by Kakita, was performed supposing that those parameters were applied as a screening test for 151 cases of dysphonia due to laryngeal lesion.
    As a result, the I/F index showed the smallest false negative rate either in male or female subject group. This suggests that the I/F index can most satisfactorily indicate the state of phonatory funtion.
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  • Hiroka Abe, Hiroko Yonekawa, Fumihiko Ohta, Satoshi Imaizumi
    1986 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 168-177
    Published: April 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study investigates the reproducibility of psychoacoustic evaluation of hoarse voices usiing “GRBAS” scales. The voice quality of the vowel /e: /, recorded from ninety patients with various degrees of hoarseness and eight normal speakers, was evaluated five times by six listeners with normal hearing. The correlation among listeners and scales was analyzed.
    It was found that reproducibility differed according to listeners and scales. However, the mean correlation coefficient of the listener who showed the highest reproducibility with “G” was 0.87. Therefore, if the listener is prudently selected, it is possible to obtain high reproducibility. It was estimated that the scale “G” was related with “R”, “B” and “S”, and not with “A”.
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  • Part 1. One hundred years before the establishment of the Japan Society of Logopedics and Phoniatrics in 1956
    Ichiro Kirikae
    1986 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 178-189
    Published: April 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The root of logopedics and phoniatrics may date back to the middle of 19th century. At that time, many scholars such as Helmholtz, Broca and Wernicke reported their important findings on hearing, laryngeal physiology and language disorders.
    In 1854, Garcia first observed living human larynx using a dental mirror. This was followed by Czermak, who applied this new technique to clinical diagnosis of laryngeal pathologies. In this era subspecialization of each existing speciality developed in medicine.
    From late 19th century to early 20th century, logopedics and phoniatrics developed gradually in European countries. Above all, Gutzmann in Berlin attracted many scientists to his specialized department.
    Later in 1911, Froschels opened his logopedic and phoniatric clinic in the Department of Otolaryngology, University of Vienna. Based on his conference on the speech disorders, IALP (International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics) eventually storted in 1924.
    In Japan, it took a long time until the establishment of the Japan Society of Logopedics and Phoniatrics by Prof. Satta in 1956.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 190-192
    Published: April 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (394K)
  • [in Japanese]
    1986 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 193-195
    Published: April 25, 1986
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (387K)
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