The Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics
Online ISSN : 1884-3646
Print ISSN : 0030-2813
ISSN-L : 0030-2813
Volume 29, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
  • Kazuaki Oki, Masahiro Kawaida, Shigeru Kano, Koichi Kita, Yoshihisa Ka ...
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 151-155
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this study, the phonatory examination was performed while monitoring vocal fold vibration using laryngofiberstrobovideography. The vocal fold vibration was videotaped under the light source of a very bright laryngostroboscope, using a flexible laryngofiberscope inserted intra-nasally and a home video camera. Simultaneously, the phonatory examination was conducted by use of a phonation-analyzer. The data were entered into a microcomputer via A/D converter and analyzed to obtain parameters of pitch, intensity, airflow, and I/F index, which were superimposed on the image of the vocal fold vibration on the video screen.
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  • Kazutomo Kitajima, Fumika Fujita, Makoto Hanada
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 156-160
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Perceptual study of electrolaryngeal speakers revealed that correct identification was observed in about 40 % of the CV syllables tested. Voiceless consonants showed a larger percentage of errors than voived ones. The amount of energy in consonant burst showed close correlation with the voicing distinction, and was considered important in the training program of the electrolarynx.
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  • —Acoustic analysis of repetition of interrupted vowel in spastic and ataxic dysarthrics—
    Yoshiji Kojima, Ichiro Shimoyama, Toshiaki Ninchoji, Kenichi Uemura
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 161-167
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We investigated the acoustic characteristics of repetition of interrupted vowel /a/ and that of syllable /pa/ in three groups each containing six subjects: namely, spastic dysarthrics, ataxic dysarthrics and normal controls. The results were as follows: (1) spastic and ataxic subjects showed remarkable reduction in number of repetitions in both tasks: (2) spastic subjects demonstrated longer mean voiced duration in repetition of interrupted vowel /a/ than in repetition of syllable /pa/, while in ataxic subjects the proportion of the voiced duration in /a/ to that in /pa/ was as normal as seen in the control group; and (3) in spastic subjects, the coefficient of variation of the peak value in repetition of syllable /pa/ was as large as seen in ataxic subjects, while the coefficient of variation of the peak value in repetiton of the interrupted vowel /a/ was similar to that of normal subjects, although it remained larger in ataxic subjects.
    These results, particularly (2) and (3), suggested that the vocal characteristics, as derived from biased hypertonus of the laryngeal muscles, could be reflected in the“on-off phonation test.”
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  • Yuki Kakita, Reiko Miyakoshi
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 168-173
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper reports on the piecewise linear relationship between voice intensity and mean airflow rate, both represented in logarithmic scale, under a constant fundamental frequency. For the experiment, each subject increased the voice intensity in steps of 2 dB, keeping fundamental frequency at a comfortable level. The same procedure was performed at several other pitch levels. As a result, we determined that three line segments are most appropriate to fit the data. Overall patterns for the three line approximations were examined, and it was found that S-shaped patterns were observed most frequently. The line segment in the medial intensity region had the largest slope value of the three line segments in the low, medial, and high intensity regions. This result reinforces the frequent appearance of S-shaped patterns in the data.
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  • —Neuropsychological consideration of learning disabilities in a boy who had trouble understanding discourse but showed no difficulty in calculation—
    Mitsuko Shindo, Yoshisato Tanaka, Yoshiko Fukase
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 174-184
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Development of linguistic and cognitive abilities and school progress in a boy with semantic-pragmatic syndrome were analyzed from a neuropsychological viewpoint over ten years.
    The boy was first brought to our clinic at the age of 2 years and 11 months because of delayed speech. Being restless and autistic, he was unable to play with others. Stereotyped and perseverative behavior as well as echolalia lasted until the boy became 6 years old. Clumsiness of finger movements and articulation disorder were also observed. The boy had no hearing problem. He was admitted to an ordinary school at the age of 6 years. Through his school years he showed superior ability in calculation, the best among his classmates, while he had difficulty in reading comprehension although he could remember Kanji characters very well. He also had difficulty in composition. An intelligence test (WISCR) wat performed when he was 15 years old. The results obtained were PIQ 91 and VIQ 65.In addition, it was found that the boy had difficulty in abstract thinking, while he was superior in concrete and mechanical thinking.
    According to our developmental, neuropsychological hypothesis based upon the hierarchical structure of higher cortical functions, the basic problem underlying learning disability in this patient is considered to be disorders of the highest intellectual level, such as abstraction and reasoning.
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  • Shigejiro Kurita
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 185-193
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    122 human larynges obtained from autopsy were macroscopically and histopathologically studied. The following results were obtained.
    1. The length of the vocal fold was 2.5-3 mm in newborns. It increased with the age up to 20 years. In adults, the vocal fold length was 15-21 mm in males and 10-15 mm in females.
    2. The length of the membraneous portion was 1.3-2 mm in newborns. It also increased with age up to 20 years. In adults, the length of the membraneous portion was 12-18 mm in males and 8-12 mm in females.
    3. The thickness of the mucosa was 0.75-0.95 mm in newborns. It slightly increased with the age.
    4. There was no ligament in newborns. There were only immature maculae flavae. An immature ligamentous structure appeared at the eges of 1 to 4. Differentiations of the two in the ligament, i.e. the layer of elastic fibers and that of collagen fibers, occured at the age of 6 to 12. The vocal ligament appeared to become mature before 20 years of age.
    5. With aging, the superficial layer of the lamina propria thickened with edema. The intermediate layer thinned because of the atrophy of the elastic fibers. The deep layer thickened due to a fibrotic increase of the collagenous fibers.
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  • Hideki Kasuya
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 194-199
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    For the acoustic evaluation of pathological voice, seven features are found to be useful: 1) average pitch frequency, 2) spectral characteristics of quasiperiodic glottal sound source, 3) relative energy level and frequency characteristics of turbulent noise produced at the glottis, 4) perturbation characteristics of pitch periods, 5) perturbation characteristics of peak amplitudes, 6) perturbation characteristics of quasiperiodic glottal sound source, and 7) perturbation characteristics of the vocal noise. For the automatic and accurate measurment of acoustic parameters related to these features, sophysticated methods are described, including a novel pitch detection algorithm and an adaptive comb filtering method to separate vocal noise from harmonic components.
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  • Minoru Yamada
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 200-202
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    One of the causes of voice disorder, especially among professional singers or voice students, is overstraining of vocal folds due to improper vocalization, especially breathing. Natural breathing, i.e. inhalation and exhalation, is caused by contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm. For speech or singing, this exhalation has to be done slowly, and in normal speech this is controlled by closing the glottis autmatically and unconsciously. The air pressure and the glottis closure should be well balanced at all times. When a person trys to increase the volume of his voice by stopping the air at the glottis by contracting the vocal folds, the disorder arises. Therefore, the decreasing of the air flow speed must be done solely by the breathing organs themselves. In singing the exhalation can be controlled by the intervention of the muscles used in inhalation, not by closure of the vocal folds alone.
    The best abdominal exhalation control may be achieved by using the air from the neutral position towards the exhalating direction rather than from the inhalating position to the neutral, and this practice requires special exercise.
    The exercises should cover three different fields, namely breathing, phonation and articulation. Each exercise should have two parts, recognition and training. The training may be further classfied as partial, co-operative and comprehensive. For example, the contractions and relaxations of both costal and abdominal muscles should first be felt individually and then be trained one after the other separately and co-operatively. Singing /a/ is already considered a comprehensive exercise involving the mustles of costal inhalation, abdominal inhalation and exhalation, laryngeal control muscles, and closing and expanding of the vocal folds.
    The age and the singing experience of the trained should also be considered.
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  • Eiji Yumoto
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 203-207
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The author investigated the influence of microsurgical intervention of the canine larynx to vocal fold vibration. (1) Normal case: bilateral lower lips and free edges vibrated symmetrically. Lower lips coincided with free edges and met together at the midline. Then, lower lips rapidly moved apart laterally. They stayed at the most lateral points until both free edges started to move apart laterally. After that, they began to move medially to meet together again when free edges were moving away laterally. (2) Cases after microsurgical intervention: a part of the mucosal layer of the upper surface or the lower surface of the vocal fold was removed. Several weeks after the procedures, vibration was observed. In either case, vibration of the free edge of the operated vocal fold became smaller in amplitude and often became earlier in phase than that of the other side. Usually lower lip of the operated vocal fold moved away slower. In addition, when the extent of epithelial removal was large vibration of lower lip was not elicited.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 208-211
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1988 Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 212-214
    Published: April 25, 1988
    Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (434K)
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