All issues
Volume 31 (1990)
- Issue 4 Pages 363-
- Issue 3 Pages 271-
- Issue 2 Pages 159-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 31, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Masako Fujiu, André-Pierre Benguerel1990 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 363-372
Published: October 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Computer-Assisted Speechreading Training system for Japanese (CAST-J) has been designed to train adults with an acquired hearing loss to improve their communicative ability with an effective use of visual speech information. Adults with cochlear implants are the primary target population for CAST-J, as long as they the auditory channel as their primary source of information for speech perception.
The lessons of CAST-J are organized around the concept of viseme. Fifteen visemes of Japanese have been selected for this study : five vowel, seven consonant, and three haku (mora) visemes. There are sixteen lessons, each of which includes sections designed (1) to review previously taught visemes ; (2) to practice the recognition of a new viseme ; (3) to practice new and old visemes by the tracking method ; and (4) to recap the lesson. Two additional lessons are available for pre-and post-training comparison.
The hardware required by CAST-J includes a microcomputer, a video disc player, a high resolution video monitor, and a printer. The system, with its interactive environment, allows the instructor and/or the trainee to select the appropriate speaking rate (fast or slow) for the video, to practice speechreading with or without audio signal, and to skip the optional lessons or part of a lesson, depending on the level of the trainee.View full abstractDownload PDF (1210K) -
Ichiko Kitano1990 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 373-380
Published: October 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor several years the author followed two children having severe dysarthria with MoyaMoya disease. The present study reports the clinical findings of these cases, and is particularly concerned with the acquisition of written language after infantile cerebrovascular accident. The most characteristic finding was that both patients had suffered from pseudobulbar paralysis, with the degree of paralysis including feeding difficulty. Facial weakness and dysarthria did not improve over a long time and caused protrusive deformity in the dental arch. The patients communicate with vowel utterance and use a written-language supplementary.
These two cases suggest that the development of written language is not always dependent upon ability of articulation. It is presumed that acquisition of written language would relate to a specific pattern of covert oral behavior which corresponds to the phoneme.View full abstractDownload PDF (5665K) -
—Investigation by Questionnaires to ENT Specialists—Yoshihisa Kawasaki, Hiroyuki Fukuda, Tsukasa Sako, Akihiro Shiotani, D ...1990 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 381-387
Published: October 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVocal nodules are common phonatory disorders in children.
Etiologically, it is generally believed that higher pitched voice exertion resulting in mechanical trauma is often a causative factor. Children suffering from such lesions have been treated in many ways, including medical treatments, vocal hygiene or surgery. In order to clarify the status of treatments currently used for vocal nodules in children, we sent questionnaires to 102 ENT specialists. We received 62 replies.
According to the results of the questionnaires, few active surgical treatments for vocal nodules in children are performed. Many ENT specialists select more conservative treatments for reasons such as spontaneous healing or high recurrence rates. Many vocal nodules are microlaryngosurgically resected under general anesthesia. A large number of ENT surgeons use operating knife and forceps for microlaryngeal surgery to resect the vocal nodules.
The results suggest conservative therapy should be selected as the first that treatment for boys, because spontaneous healing can be expected to some extent. In girls, microlaryngeal surgery should be selected at any age.View full abstractDownload PDF (675K) -
Kyoko Endo, Yoko Fukusako, Mitsuru Kawamura, Junichi Shiota, Shinobu M ...1990 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 388-396
Published: October 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 56-year-old male patient with acquired stuttering was reported. He was an ambidextrous office worker without a history of stuttering until onset of the present illness. Following a callosal infarction, he developed left hemiparesis and speech dysfluency characterized by initial syllable repetitions. Speech dysfluency resolved with time, by 5 months post onset. Adaptation and consistency effects and secondary symptoms were not detected during the interim. A callosal lesion was identified by CT scan and MRI.
The nature of this patient's speech dysfluency was determined as acquired stuttering after ruling out other acquired speech dysfluency syndromes such as cluttering and palilalia. The important speech symptoms in discriminating speech disturbances with repetitive dysfluency were discussed.
Previous studies reporting acquired stuttering without other speech disturbances were reviewed with special emphasis on speech symptoms and lesion localizations.View full abstractDownload PDF (2614K) -
Makoto Iwata1990 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 397-403
Published: October 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (8158K) -
Yoshisato Tanaka, Mitsuko Shindo, Yoshiko Hashimoto, Kimitaka Kaga1990 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 404-411
Published: October 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCommunicative problems in aphasic patients may be considered from two different aspects : the first relates to disorders which can be evaluated by objective tests including hearing tests, linguistic tests as well as neuropsychological and neurological examinations ; the other is the psychological or subjective aspect, which is most essential for communication.
Forty-three adult patients with sensory, motor or mixed aphasia served for the present study. They were examined by CT or MRI of the brain, pure tone audiometry, cognitive tests of speech, the Token Test and the Standard Language Test for Aphasia. In addition, subjective estimations of degree of aphasia and communicative disorder were made by the patients themselves, members of their family and speech therapists using a scale disigned for this purpose.
The results obtained were as follows: 1) Severity of aphasia and communicative disorder as estimated by the three groups did not always correlate. Generally speaking, severity had a tendency to be overestimated by the patients themselves.
2) According to the patients' complaints, their struggle for verbal communication becomes more serious when they are placed in a strained situation, even in a therapeutic session.
On the basis of the present study, we concluded that the core of communication is“mind”and not language, and language is nothiog but a tool of communication.View full abstractDownload PDF (961K) -
—Report from Long-term Follw-up—Yoko Sano1990 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 412-425
Published: October 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: December 08, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is a follow-up study of 141 aphasic patients (118 males and 23 females), more than three years (average 8.9years) had passed after their onset. The purpose of this study in to know the interventions which the aphasic patients truly demand for.
The results of the follow-up investigation suggest as follows:
1) Etiologies of aphasia and the types of their aphasia were different according to their age of their onset.
2) The younger patients showed much more improvement of their aphasia compared to the older patients group.
3) 44 of 141 patients (31.2%) got jobs. But the half of patients whose onset age were under 55 years old could not get jobs.
4) Many patients had some trouble to accept their disability of aphasic syndrome after a long time postonset.
5) In planning the intervention in aphasic patients, it is necessary to predict proper prognosis in aphasia according to the age of onset, state of brain damage, and also the patient's social position, etc. There is a need for social support beyond the limitation of the medical treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1423K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 426
Published: October 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (131K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 31 Issue 4 Pages 427-430
Published: October 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (437K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|