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Volume 34 (1993)
- Issue 4 Pages 322-
- Issue 3 Pages 225-
- Issue 2 Pages 149-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 34, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Shinsaku Isono, Yasushi Ohashi, Akihiko Iida, Michi Nishikiori1993 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 149-157
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA girl afflicted with congenital aglossia, a very rare disease, was followed continuously. At the age of nine years, her articulation was assessed by intelligibility testing on a single sound, taped recordings, lateral Xray videography, electropalatography and sound spectrography.
Results were as follows:
1) Intelligibility remained adequate, but in the particular assessment articulation disorders due to absence of the tongue were clearly observed.
2) Absence of the tongue was compensated by elevation of the oral floor in the case of vowels and velar sounds, and by the lower lip in the case of other consonants including certain labial and velar sounds. In the latter case, articulation was performed by changing the contacting form and extent of the lower lip for each sound.
3) Compensatory articulation may be acquired through the patient's own oral form and function, which was characterized by contacting with the lower lip and the jaw easily,
and through elevation of the oral floor during swallowing movements at an early suckling age.View full abstractDownload PDF (6205K) -
—comprehensive assessment based on physiological approach—Masaki Nishio1993 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 158-180
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBased on a physiological approach, the motor functions of the speech mechanism in spastic dysarthria were comprehensively studied. The speech physiology examination consisted of 6 major items (bodily, respiratory, phonatory, velopharyngeal, articulatory, and ingestive functions) . It was then subdivided into 69 minor items. Examination was performed on 15 normal speakers and 15 spastic dysarthric speakers. Major results include the following.
1) Comparison between normal and dysarthric groups showed significant differences in every major item, and in 54 of the 67 minor items that were able to be statistically treated. These results indicated that motor functions tended to decrease in a wide range of the speech mechanism components.
2) Every major item, and 41 of the 67 minor items that were able to be statistically treated, showed significant correlation with speech severity scores.
This data suggested useful movement tasks for formulating a treatment plan.
Based on these findings, a neurological examination for dysarthric speakers was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2539K) -
—Silent Reading vs. Reading Aloud—Yoshimasa Kojima, Mitsuko Shindo, Kimitaka Kaga1993 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 181-188
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPatients afflicted with aphasia exhibit significart difficulty in reading aloud. The ability in silent reading has not been well studied, however, because of methodological difficulties. In the present study, in order to reveal differences between silent and voiced reading, the eye movements of normal subjects and aphasic patients during silent and voiced reading were recorded by ENG. The text for reading was one of Aesop's Fables, “The North Wind and the Sun”, in Japanese translation. As parameters of eye movement, total reading time, total number of saccades and mean time during the reading phase were measured by ENG and statistically compared.
In the normal subjects, eye movements during reading divided into a reading phase and a saccadic phase.
The reading phase was recorded as staircase-like patterns, which consisted of tread boards and risers. The subjects were 5 aphasic patients : 4 cases of Broca's type aphasia and 1 case of Wernicke's type aphasia. In reading aloud, no patients showed staircase patterns. In reading silently, on the other hand, the patients with Broca's type aphasia showed staircase patterns with slight prolongation of reading time, increased number of saccades, and slight prolongation of mean reading phase. The patient with Wernicke's type aphasia showed no staircase pattern of eye movements. These results suggested that study of eye movement during silent reading is a useful method for evaluation of aphasia.View full abstractDownload PDF (2716K) -
—Development of Consonants and Transition of Defective Articulations—Keiko Suzuki, Akiko Okamoto, Yuki Hara, Seiji Niimi, Katsuyuki Torigai1993 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 189-197
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reports the development of consonant articulation and the transition of defective articulation in 40 cleft palate children. The subjects were operated by the palatal mucosal flap method with mucosal graft at Kitasato University Hospital when they were 1 year old. Speech samples were obtained every 3 or 6 months beginning in the preoperative period until 7 or 8 years of age.
The results were as follows:
1) Nasals, glottals and semi-vowels were acquired at about the same age as normal children.
2) Labio-plosive /p/ was uttered after the operation and completed without apparent delay.
3) Dentals, alveolars, palato-alveolars and velars were acquired with several degrees of delay.
4) Some nasopharyngeal articulations and glottal stops were uttered in the preoperative period and disappeared rapidly after the operation.
5) Tongue movement of cleft palate children seems immature and sometimes develops abnormally.
6) Middle ear disease was found frequently and must be followed up carefully.View full abstractDownload PDF (1212K) -
Taeko Adachi, Mami Matsumoto, Tatsuya Koeda1993 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 198-202
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reported on a six-year-old boy who demonstrated developmental apraxia of speech. Spontaneous speech was severely impoverished and he could speak only a few words at pre-school age. In addition, his speech manner was slow, effortful, dysprosodic and non-fluent. Phonemic realization was also retarded. He could not pronouce even single phonemes clearly. Both comprehension of spoken language and his mental state were slightly retarded. There was no hearing impairment. The most characteristic finding was the presence of oral apraxia. He was unable to imitate blowing, tongue clicking or gargling despite the absence of bulbar palsy.
We provided the patient with pre-speech therapy, i.e. oral exercise and phoneme repetition. After six month, his oral praxis, fluency and prosody were improved. He could use three-word sentences after 14 months. We concluded that pre-speech therapy was useful for developmental apraxia of speech.View full abstractDownload PDF (553K) -
—Utilization of a VCR Analysis System—Tsuneo Satake, Hiromi Hara, Takeshi Tokawa1993 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 203-215
Published: April 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA behavioral analysis system which utilizes a VCR and a video printer was developed to investigate the interaction between a language-delayed child and the clinician. The responding behaviors of three languageless children with moderate to severe mental retardation were analyzed with this system focusing on preparatory behaviors.
All three children demonstrated preparatory behaviors just before starting to display expected responses. From the results it appears that preparatory behavior is one of the characteristic behaviors which are observed in the process of language acquisition.
Preparatory behaviors: behaviors of manual response (e. g. hand-raising or hand-turning) which children demonstrate prior to giving expected responses such as showing an object. These uniform behaviors are seen in the language-learning stage after the emergence of orientational responses (e. g. looking at an object) .View full abstractDownload PDF (1290K)
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