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Volume 35 (1994)
- Issue 4 Pages 317-
- Issue 3 Pages 231-
- Issue 2 Pages 167-
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Volume 35, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Chang-Sheng Yang, Hideki Kasuya, Shigeru Kanou, Shunhiko Satou1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 317-321
Published: October 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a method to measure accurately 3-dimensional vocal tract (3DVT) shape and length using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . The 3D VT shape was reconstructed from coronal MR images of the oral cavity and axial images of the glottal and pharyngeal regions. A mid-sagittal MR image was acquired as a reference for the 3D VT reconstruction. It was also used for calculation of VT length. MR images of an adult during sustained phonation of the Japanese vowels /a, i, u, e, o/ were acquired. We compared formant frequencies computed from the 3D VT shapes estimated by the proposed method with those directly measured from the original utterances. Excetp for the frst formant frequency of the vowel /i/, measurement errors for the lowest three formant frequencies of all vowels were less than the difference limen.View full abstractDownload PDF (2387K) -
Yoshiaki Ozawa, Keiko Okazaki1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 322-330
Published: October 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Tsutomu Nagasaki1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 331-337
Published: October 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to study the status of prelinguistic activities of one normal infant from 6 month to 18 month and one Down's syndrome infant from 15 month to 28 month matched in MA to the normal infant in imperative situation.
The results were as follows: In normal infant, reaching and pointing increased from 10 month and combination patterns of communication activities also increased. In Down's syndrome infant, reaching appeared in 24 month but it didn't increase. Vocalization was also few, so that the frequency of vocalization was about half of normal infant. The combination patterns were only few even at 28 month. Although normal infant used meaning words to request the toy, Down's syndrome infant used meaning words as response to mother or imitation. These results showed the delay of prelinguistic communicative acts of Down's syndrome infant even if she is compared with the same MA of normal infant. It was discussed that delay of prelinguistic activities will be one of causes of their language delay in future.View full abstractDownload PDF (891K) -
Hiromi Toyama, Masaki Hisano, Hiromi Chinen, Tsuneo Satake1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 338-348
Published: October 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe deviced a“Test of Question-Answer Interaction Development”in order to assess the communication ability of preschool level children from a pragmatic point of view.
This test is especially useful to for evaluating the developmental state of language-retarded and hearing-impaired children and for creating an intervention program. The test consists of ten tasks: ordinary questions, riddles, hypothetical inferences, category-instance production, word definition, causal explanation, ordered explanation, explanation of sequential picture cards, story telling and auditory discourse comprehension.
We administered the test to 165 normal children from 2 to 6 years of age and analyzed the data statistically. Here, we present the basic statistics of the test and discuss its reliability and validity. A table was compiled to estimate developmental age based on total and task scores. A profile chart is also given.View full abstractDownload PDF (1351K) -
Tsuneo Satake, Hiromi Toyama, Hiromi Chinen, Masaki Hisano1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 349-358
Published: October 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe constructed a“Test of Question-Answer Interaction Development”and administered it to 165 normal children from 2 to 6 years of age. Qualitative analyses were made of their response utterances.
The children age 2: 0-2: 5 characteristically showed no response or responses determined by nearby situations.
Gradually the amount of utterances increased and responses became redundant in children age 2: 6-3: 5.
The children of this stage often showed typical errors: responses bounded by their narrow experiences, responses influenced by association, and responses outside the topic. 4-year-old children seldom showed errors typical of this earlier age. They were able to keep to a topic and made well-regulated answers. Children age 5-6 considered the listener's knowledge and offered adequate amounts of explanation.
These results suggest that there are four developmental stages of communicative ability focusing on question-answer conversation: (a) 2: 0-2: 5 the stage of no response or responses determined by nearby situations; (b) 2: 6-3: 5: the stage influenced by personal expriences and associations; (c) 3: 6-4: 11: the stage in which the semantic network is built; and (d) 5: 0-6: 11: the stage of meta-communication.View full abstractDownload PDF (1476K) -
Yoshisato Tanaka1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 359-368
Published: October 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to explore causes of communication disorder in children with severe brain damage and to consider how to help their communicative problems.
The subjects were school children of the Tokyo Metropolitan Kita School for the Physically Handicapped. Their ages ranged from six to eighteen. The children had received screening audiometry once a year since 1981. In order to obtain information on communication between child and teacher, questionnaires were sent to teachers of this school concerning responses of the children to their teaches's voice, music and environmental noises in daily life. Replies on 152 children were obtained.
The 152 children were divided into two groups according to the results of audiometry. The first group included 64 children who correctly responded to auditory tests, while the second group included 88 children who showed no correct response to auditory stimuli. Seven of the 152 children were found to have bilateral or unilateral hearing loss, or suspected hearing loss. The majority of the 152 children had mental retardation, which was extremely severe in the second group. Analysis of the questionnaires demonstrated that responses to the teacher's voice, development of language and speech, oral communication as well as emotional expression were extremely limited in the second group compared to the first group (highly significant statistically) . Neverthless, it was noted that the children of the second group were highly responsive to music and songs. These findings suggest that music can be an excellent communicative means even for children with severe brain damage who are unable to acquire language.View full abstractDownload PDF (1098K) -
Masahiro Kawaida, Hiroyuki Fukuda, Syun-ichi Sasaki, Ryohei Sakaguchi, ...1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 369-374
Published: October 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCO2 lasers have been widely used in laryngomicrosurgery for the treatment of laryngeal lesions. The usefulness of CO2 lasers in treating early glottic cancer has been well reported. Here we introduce CO2 laser surgical procedures in laryngomicrosurgery using a side-opened direct laryngoscope and endotracheal tube protector (Merocel®Laser-Guard) . We used a side-opened direct laryngoscope featuring an opening from the anterior tip to the posterior end of the right side. This configuration enabled easy insertion of the forceps to perform biopsy through the right side opening. The surgery was performed under inhalation anesthesia by endotracheal intubation. The endotracheal tube employed was completely covered by an endotracheal tube protector steeped in saline and secured against the laser beam. In this paper, this method is demonstrated with clinical case reports and discussed from the viewpoint of the surgical manipulations required to perform the CO2 laser surgery precisely.View full abstractDownload PDF (7563K) -
Shigeru Kiritani, Hiroshi Imagawa, Yoko Watanabe1994 Volume 35 Issue 4 Pages 375-383
Published: October 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA personal computer-based word training system for language therapy of aphasic patients was constructed at the institute listed below. The system aims to assist self-training by aphasic patients in language therapy. In the present paper, characteristics of the training programs developed for this system will be described. The word training procedures currently used in the clinical field in Japan were surveyed with reference to several textbooks on language therapy, and a set of procedures which were appropriate for computerized programs was implemented, with digitized data for a basic set of 344 nouns and 82 verbs stored on computer.
The training system is essentially based on pointing response to picture cards displayed on the screen of the personal computer. The speech sound corresponding to one of the displayed cards is presented through a D/A converter, and the patient makes a response by pointing to a displayed picture card. All responses and program operations are performed through a touch panel attached to the surface of the monitor.
The training programs are as follows:
1) Basic naming/writing of noun words
2) Auditory comprehension training
a) Pointing
b) Yes-no answering
3) Auditory memory-span training
a) Word sequence training
b) Noun phrase training
This system is being used experimentally for 15 aphasic patients without disturbance of consciousness, limb kinetic apraxia and disturbance of eyesight at the hospital listed above, and it seems that the system is useful for aphasic patients, especially for Wernicke's aphasia. Using this system, patients are able to do self-training as many times as they want and speech therapists are thus able to save time and offer therapy sessions to other patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (9354K)
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