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Volume 35 (1994)
- Issue 4 Pages 317-
- Issue 3 Pages 231-
- Issue 2 Pages 167-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 35, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Harumi Yamamoto, Motoko Mizutani, Mitsuru Kawamura1994 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 167-170
Published: April 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to elucidate the symptomatic characteristics of tongue thrust, which is a specific syndrome of involuntary dyskinesic tongue movement. It is manifested only while the patient is speaking, without any manifestation of oro-lingual apraxia, paralysis or sensory disturbances. It is differentiated from oro-lingual dyskinesia and glossospasm in that the symptom is manifested only in speaking, and is not affected by emotional exaltation. The cause of the disorder, apparently functional, is not yet clear.
Two cases, a 51-year-old male and a 21-year-old female, were selected and examined, using video tape, by a speech repetition test. The aim was to define 1) the type of abnormal tongue movement and 2) the manner of articulation in which the abnormal tongue movement appers most frequently. The results showed three types of abnormal tongue movements which were observed mostly in dental and alveolar consonants in both cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (4031K) -
Koji Hayashi1994 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 171-180
Published: April 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was intended to examine the possibility of applying a graphic symbol system (NSL 88) to language training for children with spoken language deficiency. The subject was a mentally retarded child (CA4: 5) who had relatively good skill in speech comprehension but difficulty in speech production. After training with graphic symbols for single word, two-word combinations, and three-word combinations, additional training using kanji and kana words followed. Graphic symbols learned through single-word training were successively placed on a pointing board for use in daily communication.
After two years and four months of instruction using graphic symbols, the subject learned 95 words (74 nouns, 19 verbs, 2 adjectives) and their two-word or three-word combinations. With progress in kana-word training, spoken word utterance gradually appeared, though still exhibiting unintelligibility. This fact and his spontaneous and active use of the communication board for approximately four years showed that graphic symbols are effective as an alternative, if temporary, means of functional communication. Consequently, potential use of a graphic symbol system for language intervention for children with spoken language deficiency was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1342K) -
Masaki Nishio1994 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 181-192
Published: April 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with a system of prosody assessment. The subjects were 2 patients with ataxic dysarthria and 10 normal speakers. They were given contrastive stress tasks as speech samples. Accuracy of prominence and bizarreness of speech were perceptually judged, and patterned variations of fundamental frequency, duration and intensity were then acoustically analyzed. The major results included the following.
(1) Accuracy of prominence in normal speakers was rated quite high. They tended to use increases in fundamental frequencies, duration and intensities to signal prominence.
(2) Accuracy of prominence in patient 1 was rated very changeable depending on the sentences. She tended to use increases in fundamental frequencies and duration to signal prominence. Accuracy of prominence in patient 2 was rated very low. He was unable to adjust any acoustic parameters functionally.
(3) Acoustic information was useful to analyze inaccuracy of prominence and bizarreness of speech perceived in the 2 dysarthric speakers.
In addition, clinical use of the prosody assessment system for planning treatment was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1546K) -
Yasuo Endo, Hideki Kasuya1994 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 193-198
Published: April 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model was proposed to represent the perturbation properties of the fundamental period sequence which has been measured from a vowel sustained by subjects with or without laryngeal diseases. In the model, the AR term was introduced to characterize the spectrum of the sequence, whereas the MA part had a fixed coefficient as a result of removing a trend component in the sequence. The linear prediction analysis method was used to estimate the AR parameters. Experiments showed that the estimated parameters reflected well the spectral characteristics of the sequences as well as the perceived quality of the vowel.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
—using the slope of spectrum envelope—Sawako Hirai, Keiko Okazaki, Takayuki Arai1994 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 199-206
Published: April 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: April 19, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated the acoustical characteristics of hypernasality in children for a quantitative evaluation.
The subjects consisted of an experimental group of 39 children with repaired cleft lips or palates and congenital velopharyngeal incompetence, and a control group of 152 normal children. Ages ranged from 4 to 8.
The materials consisted of 5 Japanese vowels. Speech therapists were requested to make auditory evaluations of the utterances of the pathological group in terms of degree of hypernasality using three level rating scale: severe, mild and absent. The isolated vowels /i/ uttered by the subjects were analyzed acoustically by cepstrum analysis. Measurement was made of the absolute value of the regression coefficient of the regression line for the spectrum envelope (=the slope of spectrum envelope) of certain bands.
Significant differences were found between the following groups:
1) The control group and the group judged to have severe hypernasality (p<0.01) .
2) The control group and the group judged to have mild hypernasality (p<0.05) .
3) The groups which were judged to have severe hypernasality, and that in which judged hypernasality was judged absent (p<0.01) .
4) The groups which were judged to have severe and mild hypernasality, and that in which hypernasality was judged absent (p<0.05) .View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Yoko Shimura, Satoshi Imaizumi1994 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 207-212
Published: April 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopmental aspects of emotional expression through vocalizations by infants were investigated using perceptual experiments by normal hearing adults. The voices used were 517 samples recorded from 6 infants at 6, 9, 12 and 17 months of age, The results were as follows. 1) Two-way ANOVA with the factors of individuality and age showed significant effects of infant and infantage interaction on the emotional profile of vocalizations. But infants' age alone was not significant. 2) Factor analysis revealed three factors: plesure vs. displeasure, speech vs. laughter and intraverted vs. extraverted emotional expressions. Infants produced almost all aspects of emotion even at 6 months of age. These results suggest that infants even at 6 months of age have the ability to produce voices which may convey variety of emotion.View full abstractDownload PDF (674K) -
Yoshisato Tanaka1994 Volume 35 Issue 2 Pages 213-218
Published: April 20, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince October, 1991, an auditory screeing program has been introduced into the three-years-old children health examination. This study was undertaken to emphasize significance of the auditory screening program.
The subjects served for the present study were 22 hearing-impaired children who had educational problems at or after entrance of an elementary school. They were selected from the hearing-impaired children who were diagnosed as having hearing loss at my clinic during the period 1989-1991. Their ages ranged from five to eight years. They had never received otological and audiological examinations before these ages. Out of the 22 children, 18 were found to have hearing losses distributed among 30 dB to 80 dB, while the remaining four had severe hearing losses over 81 dB. Hearing impairement was sensor-ineural in 19 cases, conductive in two cases and mixed in one case. Delayed development of language was observed in 21 children, especially in seven the development of language was extremely retarded. Additional psychological problems including severe emotional disturbance and autistic trait were observed in four children.
It is generally agreed that it is difficult to detect mild and moderate hearing losses at an early stage of childhood because of characteristic responses to humnan voices. In conclusion, the results obtained from the present study demonstrated the necessity of an auditory screening program at the three - years - old children health examination.View full abstractDownload PDF (666K)
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