All issues
Volume 38 (1997)
- Issue 4 Pages 329-
- Issue 3 Pages 235-
- Issue 2 Pages 161-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 38, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Miyoko Ishige, Masako Abe, Seiji Niimi1997 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 329-336
Published: October 20, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn adult case of functional articulation disorder was reported. The case revealed frequent abnormal tongue retraction brought on only by speaking. Tongue shape during speech as observed by ultrasonic tomography, diagnosis, treatment and results of the case were described.
During speech assessments, speech sounds were distorted in dental or alveolar consonants and front vowels. Ultrasonic tomography demonstrated that tongue retraction and rising at the back of the tongue occurred frequently during speech. No abnormal findings were found by neurological examination including brain MRI and psychiatric examination. Neither structural abnormalities nor motor dysfunction was found.
The case was diagnosed as a functional articulation disorder and treated by systematic articulation training with successful results. The program of articulation training organized for this case was described.
Although most functional articulation disorders occur during the developmental stage of life, this case suggests that non-developmental functional articulation disorders exist and they can be treated by systematic articulation training. Although the etiology of the abnormal movement of the tongue is still unknown, the term“oromandibular dystonia”should be applied to describe the symptom of this case.View full abstractDownload PDF (4303K) -
Takashi Tachimura, Hideyasu Koh, Hisanaga Hara, Chika Morimoto, So-ich ...1997 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 337-343
Published: October 20, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to clarify a physiologic basis underlying the clinical effect of a speech appliance that enables the wearer to exhibit adequate velopharyngeal function during speech and blowing. Four patients with repaired cleft palate who were accustomed to wearing a hybrid speech appliance of the bulb and palatal lift (Bulb-PLP : Bulb attached Palatal Lift Prosthesis) type were used as subjects. Smoothed EMG signals of the levator veli palatini muscle were recorded during speech and blowing both when the speech appliance was in place and removed. Speech samples included the vowel / _??_/and syllables such as the nasal /m _??_/, plosive /p _??_/, fricative /s _??_/ and affricate /ts _??_/. Blowing tasks spanned 2 to 8 cmH2O in 2 cm H2O increments with maximum pressure that a subject could produce. In the placement condition, mean values of levator activity changed positively in relation to oral air pressure change during blowing. Changes in levator activity in relation to speech samples were similar to those in normal speakers. Levator activity for speech tasks for all subjects occurred in the region lower than 40% of the total range of the activity, which was determined by taking the greatest amplitude of activity across the experiments. The results imply that the difference between levator activity for speech and for total range of levator activity could owe to a reserve capacity for adequate velopharyngeal function through placement of the speech appliance, which is similar to normal speakers. It can also be suggested that the effect of a speech appliance might originate in physiological normalization of the velopharyngeal function.View full abstractDownload PDF (885K) -
—With Special Reference to Developments of Auditory Functions and Communication—Yoshisato Tanaka, Shigeko Harigai, Kimitaka Kaga1997 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 344-356
Published: October 20, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present paper is to describe effects of hearing aids on development of auditory functions and communication in a child with profound mental retardation with severe hearing loss.
The child was a girl who first visited our clinic at the age of eleven months because of suspected hearing impairment. Results obtained by behavioral audiometry and a developmental test of auditory functions suggested that she had relatively good hearing. However, when she was two years and seven months old, she was found to have progressive hearing loss. Behavioral audiometry as well as brain stem response audiometry demonstrated that the child had severe hearing loss of approximately 80 dB. She was immediately enrolled in our home training program and provided with a bodyworn hearing aid. One initial effect of hearing aids was observed to be emergence of spontaneous egocentric vocal activities. She was a restless child, but with increase of age she came to behave obediently. At the age of 16 years, according to the mother's statement, the parents felt no difficulty in communication with her while she used hearing aids, although she was never able to acquire language capability because of her profound mental retardation. From our experience with this case, we strongly believe that to enable auditory communication in such a profoundly retarded child with severe hearing loss, long-lasting, patient rehabilitative or educational services as well as establishment of a cooperative team including parents, school teachers and related personnel are indispensable.View full abstractDownload PDF (1792K) -
—Application to Postoperative Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients—Satoko Imai, Yukari Yamashita, Noriko Suzuki, Ken-ichi Michi1997 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 357-365
Published: October 20, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe need to estimate functional level of communication ability in patients with acquired articulation disorders has become apparent in our clinical research.
The purpose of this study was to establish a new method for measuring sentence intelligibility. Nineteen oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients were assessed using a sentence intelligibility test developed for this study. A task was designed to measure success of communication. The test consists of 30 questions containing 2 or 3 key words for understanding. Each speech sample was judged by 5 naive listeners (dental school students) .
The results were as follows.
1. It was clarified that the sentence intelligibility test developed for this study has high validity.
2. Sentence intelligibility was found to be considerably high in postoperative oral and oropharyngeal cancer patients.
3. A significant correlation was found between syllable and sentence intelligibility. However, the sentence intelligibility score was significantly higher than that of syllable intelligibility.View full abstractDownload PDF (1013K) -
Yumiko Fukuda1997 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 366-369
Published: October 20, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments using short-term memory and the gate method for recognition of words in Japanese sign language were couducted on 25 deaf subjects. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) Errors in recall of short-term memory of sign words ascribed to their chereme level. This suggests that the cheremic analysis is used in the recognition process of Japanese sign language, parallel to phonemic analysis in spoken language.
(2) Through the experiment using the gate method, it was suggested that word identification process occurs in steps: first, cheremes expressed by position or shape of the hands are recognized, then what is expressed by their movement.
It was also found that deaf subjects who acquired signing ability earlier in their childhood can identify words closer to the begining of their gestures. This gives them an advantage in recognizing sign language.View full abstractDownload PDF (445K) -
Mitsuko Shimizu1997 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 370-376
Published: October 20, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe significance of the role of speech therapy in the rehabilitation of dysphagic patients is reviewed. Dysphagia is caused by diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system, and accordingly many dysphagic patients also exhibit difficulties in communication.
Speech therapists have a wealth of knowledge regarding the anatomy and physiology of the organs for swallowing. They are also in a suitable position to devise and carry out a treatment program from developmental, cognitive and psychological perspectives, as well as taking higher brain functional effectiveness into consideration. Recent rehabilitation treatment for dysphagic patients at the Saitama Prefectural Rehabilitation Center is reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (909K) -
Niro Tayama1997 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 377-384
Published: October 20, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe discuss surgical treatments for swallowing disturbance with articulation disability. The goal of operation therapy is to enable oral ingestion by making aspiration nonexistent. However, there are inherent limitations to treatment that supports swallowing function that has been lost, when swallowing disturbance is advanced, an operation to separate the airway and esophagus for the purpose of preventing aspiration may be indicated.
To treat dysphagia, swallowing functions need to be evaluated sufficiently with fluorography, electromyography, manometry and so on. Treatment method should be selected in consideration of the basic disease, the patient's age, prognosis of swallowing function, and the patient's wishes and/or lifestyle.
Finally, we should emphasize the importance of functional analysis of swallowing before the operation, and of rehabilitation after the operation.View full abstractDownload PDF (10121K) -
Hiroyuki Ito, Takakuni Kato1997 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 385-389
Published: October 20, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhysical training to treat dynamic dysphagia was discussed. The subjects were thirteen cases of dysphagia without disorders of higher cortical functions, of which eleven cases consisted of cerebral vascular disorders, one case of postoperative acoustic tumor and one case of neck tumor. Seven of the thirteen cases were recovered as a result of physical therapy. Five of the remaining six recovered through a combination of surgery with cricopharyngeal mytomy and laryngeal elevation. Physical exercise for dysphagia by physical therapists was proved useful. The exercise was more useful on patients under 60 than on those over 60. The earlier the start of the exercise, the better were the results. The exercise also proved more useful in cases in without hemiplegia or ataxia. It was not useful in cases in which the esophago-pharyngeal junction was rediologically closed.View full abstractDownload PDF (713K) -
Isami Kumakura1997 Volume 38 Issue 4 Pages 390-395
Published: October 20, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpeech and swallowing performance were examined in a patient who had undergone extensive surgical resection of the tongue including the oral floor.
Reconstruction had been performed using the pectoralis major myocutaneous island flap. In a test on 100 Japanese monosyllables, speech intelligibility improved from 30% to 40% after use of a palatal augmentation prosthesis.
The treatment is still not deemed practical for everyday life, however. This paper describes some general aspects of speech and swallowing therapy after a glossectomy.View full abstractDownload PDF (4907K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|