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Volume 40 (1999)
- Issue 4 Pages 314-
- Issue 3 Pages 193-
- Issue 2 Pages 101-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Hiromi Ukita, Kazuo Abe1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 101-106
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis longitudinal study investigated the picture naming ability of a patient with nonfluent progressive aphasia from 5 to 8 years after onset of aphasic symptoms. The patient first came for treatment in 1994, at age 56, with a history of progressive speech problems over the preceding 4 years. His auditory comprehension was not severely disturbed. His speech was very effortful, while vocal and speech organs showed no abnormality. His naming ability was assessed using a picture naming test of 100 items. On initial testing he scored 60/100. However, his naming performance has been deteriorating gradully thereafter. Three years after his initial assessment, he scored only 15/100 correct. His error-pattern can be classified into five categories no response, semantic paraphasia, phonemic paraphasia, non-lexical utterance, and perseveration. No response was the most prevalent category in every test. While semantic paraphasias also occurred in every test, phonemic paraphasias appeared from the third test, and non-lexical utterances and perseverations were found from the fourth test. These results demonstrate that the subject's naming performance has changed not only in quantity but also in quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (2779K) -
Takashi Tachimura, So-ichiro Hirata, Masami Fukumoto, Takeshi Wada1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 107-113
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to clarify characteristics of nasometry when it is applied for evaluation of velopharyngeal function, which varies according to treatment process. Three patients with repaired cleft palate, who required a speech appliance for velopharyngeal incompetence, served as subjects. Nasopharyngeal fiberscopy and nasometry were carried out at each step in the construction of the speech appliance. A positive relationship was found between results of nasometry and fiberscopy while the velopharyngeal gap decreased in its opening area. However, a discrepancy was observed in the results of the above two examinations when the velopharynx became only a slit-like gap, when bubbling was identified at the velopharyngeal plane during speech in fiberscopy but was not completely closed. That is, nasometry provided false results suggesting velopharyngeal incompetence did not improve substantially when the velopharyngeal gap was obturated but with a slight gap to allow nasal emission of air into the nasal cavity during speech. These false results may originate in increased nasal resonance caused by bubbling around the velopharyngeal closing plane. It may be recommended the low- and high-pressure sentences be used to prevent influence of bubbling induced by high-pressure sentences on nasometry when patients with borderline velopharyngeal incompetence and/ or velopharyngeal function with temporal variations are evaluated.View full abstractDownload PDF (6253K) -
Takashi Tachimura, Kanji Nohara, Takeshi Wada, Yoshinori Fujita1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 114-119
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors reported that placement of a speecp appliance for patients with velopharyngeal incompetence can extend the reserve capacity by decreasimg the mean value of levator activity for speech. This result suggested that the clinical effect of a speech appliance may consist not only of a decrease in velopharyngeal port size by elevation of the velum but also of alteration of the regulatory system of velopharyngeal function. However, it has not been clanifed whether a decrease in levator activity by elevation of the velum is specifc to speakers with velopharyngeal incompetene or common to speakers irrespective of their velopharyngeal adequacy. The purpose of this study was to examine whether mechanical elevation of the velum can decrease levator activity in normal speakers as well. Five normal speakers served as subjects. Each subject had a PLP (palatal lift prosthesis) constructed prior to the study. Each subject was instructed to produce/mu/, /u/, /pu/, /su/, /tsu/and to blow at the maximum intensity level individually possible. Smoothed EMG of the levator veli palatini muscle was recorded when the PLP was in place and removed. With the PLP in place, levator activity for all tasks was significantly less than in the removal condition for all subjects. It is possibie that the decrease in levator activity in association with elevation of the velum using a PLP is caused partly by decreased distance for the velopharyngeal mechanisms to travel for complete closure of the velopharynx.View full abstractDownload PDF (3110K) -
—In a Child with Mandibular AVM—Keigo Tatemoto, Toshihiro Suzuki, Yasuo Hisa, Naoko Kuwahara1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 120-125
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMandibular arteriovenous malformation (AVM) can be a potentially lifethreatening pathology requiring radical treatment. We treated a 7-year-old female in whom digital subtraction carotid angiography revealed a large AVM originating in the left mandibular region and extending to the neck.
Direct embolization of the AVM under partial extracorporeal circulation with hypothermic anesthesis brought definitive recovery except for lingual arterial obstructions. Unforunately, the body of her tongue had become necrotic.
In this report, we describe how to treat mandibular AVM and how this patient made progress in compensatory articulations in the course of clinical evolution after loss of her tongue.View full abstractDownload PDF (6935K) -
Akira Yokkaichi1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 126-132
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe eye movements of subjects with severe hearing impairment and reiatively higher Japanese ability were studied by the corneal reflection method while they were watching captioned TV. The TV program used in the experiment concerned the daily activities of a baseball team of a school for the deaf. Two different kinds of eye movement were observed : caption-reading and picture-watching. The time needed for caption-reading was roughly 40% of total watching time. When the subjects were watching explanatory scenes of the program, they acquired visual information from a broader area of the screen than during conversational scenes. The subjects were able to locate each new caption approximately 0.2 seconds after its appearance on the screen. However, it seemed diffi-cult for the subjects to locate changed captions smoothly, when the captions were presented continuously. The subjects had some restriction in picture searching, because they have to read captions and locate new captions as fast as possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (3016K) -
Tetsuo Tani, Masamutsu Kenjo1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 133-140
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe patients were three males. In each case, acquired stuttering occurred following head injury.
This study examined similarities and differences between acquired stuttering and developmental stuttering through analysis of the patients' speech features.
The results were as follows. 1) Similarities : (1) Frequency of stuttering was higher in conversation tasks and explanations of plctures. (2) Higher frequency of stuttering occurred in sound and syllable repetitions and partword repetitions. (3) Some secondary motor symptoms were noted in two cases. 2) Differences : (1) There was no consistency effect noted in any of the cases. (2) There was no adaptation effect in any cases. (3) In all patients, there was no indication of any relationshlp between frequency of stuttering and cardiovascular function measurements.View full abstractDownload PDF (3405K) -
Yoshisato Tanaka1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 141-147
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2585K) -
Paul Warren Flint, Akihiro Shiotani, Bert W. O'Malley Jr.1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 148-155
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCurrent surgical strategies for the treatment of laryngeal paralysis are limited by the muscle atrophy associated with denervation. Moreover, attempts at reinnervation have not affected significant change in surgical outcome. To address this clinical problem, we have developed a rat laryngeal paralysis model to study novel gene transfer strategies. A muscle specific non-viral vector containing the a-actin promoter and hIGF-I gene formulated with polyvinyl polymers injected into denervated adult rat thyroarytenoid muscle has been shown to produce significant increase in muscle fiber diameter, significant decrease in motor endplate length and significant increase in percentage of endplates with nerve contact.
Applied to laryngeal paralysis, hIGF-I gene therapy provides opportunity for augmentation of surgical treatment modalities by prevention or reversal of muscle atrophy, enhanced nerve sprouting and reinnervation. If proven effective, gene therapy may be applied clinically to fine-tune current surgical procedures or even eliminate the need for surgical intervention.View full abstractDownload PDF (6065K) -
Margaret W. Skinner1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 156-163
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Clarion, Med-E 1 Combi 40 and Nucleus 22 or 24 Cochlear Implant Systems programmed with the Continuous Interleaved Sampler (CIS), Simultaneous Analog Strategy (SAS), or SPEAK speech coding strategies on the average enable postlinguistical-ly deaf adults to understand 70-80% of words in open-set sentences by sound alone. Congenitally deaf children who were implanted between 2 and 5 years of age, received intensive spoken language training over a period of years, and use the most recent speech coding strategies, on the average are able to understand 30-40% of one-syllable, open-set words by sound alone. Several key studies indicate that the earlier a deaf child is implanted, the less language delay there is, the more intelligible their own speech is, and the earlier they are ready to be mainstreamed in normal hearing schools. Adults and children must have appropriately fitted speech processor programs (that are changed as soon as hearing changes) to achieve these levels of success. Because cochlear implants do not provide normal hearing, habilitation for children and rehabilitation for adults are essential. Preoperative evaluation, implantation, and postoperative care can only be effectively provided by close collaboration of a multidisciplinary team.View full abstractDownload PDF (1070K) -
The Japan Society of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, Subcommittee on Dys ...1999 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 164-181
Published: April 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper is a summary of the Subcommittee's activities over the past 10 years. The principal aim of the paper is to propose a short test for evaluating dysarthria, derived from the preliminary long form of the test reported in 1980. The test consists of 1) tests for articulation and prosody, and 2) examinations of the articulatory organs.Results indicate that the new test is effective for differentiating the representative types of dysarthria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1689K)
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