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Volume 41 (2000)
- Issue 4 Pages 320-
- Issue 3 Pages 213-
- Issue 2 Pages 95-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 41, Issue 2
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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-Focus on the Nucleus Ambiguus-Yoshikazu Yoshida2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 95-110
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo assess the participation of the nucleus ambiguus (AMB) in phonation and swallowing, localization of motoneurons, cytoarchitecture, projections to AMB and dendritic arborizations were reviewed on the basis of our studies. Our investigations were consistently performed morphologically using cats. The AMB cell column was divided into three parts cytoarchitectually, and was located between the level of the caudal end of the superior olivary nucleus and the level of the caudal end of the inferior olivary nucleus. The rostral onesixth was loose and contained mostly stylopharyngeal motoneurons. The next twosixths were compact and innervated the pharyngeal constrictor, the cervical esophageal and the cricothyroid muscles. The levator veli palatini motoneurons were situated in the middle of the AMB cell column. The caudal half was loose and involved motoneurons for the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The arrangement of the motoneurons indicated somatotopic and segmental supply. Direct projection to AMB was determlined as follows: from the contralateral AMB, bilaterally the nucleus of solitary tract, ipsilaterally the parabrachial nucleus, and bilaterally the periaqueductal gray. Dendrites for each pharyngolaryngeal motoneuron extended to the related interneurons in a reticular formation to receive suitable information from the central nervous system. These dendritic arborizations are thought to reflect specific properties for laryngeal functions.View full abstractDownload PDF (2160K) -
Seiko Kuroda, Kiyoshi Imamura, Izumi Itoh, Isao Takimoto2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 111-119
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors examined and report on speech and language development 0 to 2 years after birth of a case of bilateral congenital microtia and meatal atresia. We carried out an auditory-language learning program for the patient and also counseled the mother to perform the home training program effectively.
The results were as follows. 1) The patient's development of speech and language (vocabulary and sentence structure) became as good as that of a normal infant. 2) Through training with a hearing-aid, the patient began to notice its malfunction sufficiently after the age of 1 : 08. 3) On the other hand, both the mother and patient's difficulty of understanding and accepting the handicap was observed from the early stage.
This case confirmed that a continuous support system for both parties' perception of the handicap is very important to obtain the success of an auditory-language learning program.View full abstractDownload PDF (1073K) -
Tsutomu Uchiyama, Ryoko Ijuin, Ayako Tendou, Miwako Mori, Hiroko Tokum ...2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 120-129
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the effectiveness of an auditory-oral early intervention program for hearing-impaired children, we administered the WPPSI Intelligence Test to 72 hearing -impaired children (average age : 6 years 4 months, hearing level : 43-111 dB, start-age 6 months-5years 5 months) . The test results showed that verbal IQ ranged from 40 through 151 points, and that performance IQ ranged from 72 through 146 points. Data analysis revealed that verbal IQ correlated closely with performance IQ and start-age of intervention, and also that verbal IQ had a positive correlation with both the parents' educational ability and participation, and the hearing level.
We drew the following conclusions from these findings:
1) Fifty of the 72 (69 %) hearing impaired children were able to acquire language abilty (verbal IQ≥80) comparable to others of their age when they completed an early intervention program for hearing-impaired children.
2) The difference between verbal IQ and performance IQ is useful as an index to evaluate the effectiveness of an early intervention program. When the difference is slight or moderate, we may conclude that the program has been more effective.
3) The development of language by hearing impaired children is affected by various factors, including hearing level, intelligence, startage of intervention, and the parents' educational ability and participation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1140K) -
Hirokazu Takahashi, Masayuki Nakao, Takenori Okusa, Yotaro Hatamura, Y ...2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 130-138
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor alaryngeal speech, we propose a voice generation system using an intra-mouth vibrator. The vibrator, fixed in artificial teeth, generates sounds in the oral cavity as a substitute for glottal sounds. We evaluated intelligibility of speech with this system; correct identification of CV (consonant-vowel) syllables was about 50%, which was almost the same as for electrolaryngeal speech. Both speech systems showed 30% incorrect identification of voiceless consonants perceived as voiced. These errors were recognized as being induced by VOT (voice onset time) and first formant transition. To make voiceless consonants clearly sounded, we controlled the sound source using intra-oral pressure, which increases during voiceless consonants. The sounds of the vibrator should be suspend-ed when intra-oral pressure increases. With this method we were able to improve voiceless consonant recognition errors to 10%, and found that the system worked as designed.View full abstractDownload PDF (4666K) -
Colin Painter2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 139-140
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (150K) -
[in Japanese]2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 141
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (143K) -
Noriko Kobayashi2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 142-146
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAssessment of articulation based on auditory impression has been widely used in clinical setting. The advantage of this assesment method is that characteristics of articulation can be easily and systematically understood. However, some disadvantages have also been pointed out. First, auditory impression is essentially subjective and the reliability of the assessment is not always very high. Second, there are some limitations when extracting articulatory characteristics using this method, even with visual observation of articulatory movements. Some points for conducting the assessment correctly and reliably are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (747K) -
Satoshi Imaizumi, Yuji Tamekawa, Toshisada Deguchi, Hidemi Ito2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 147-153
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAudiovisual training in non-native speech discrimination was conducted on 10 native Japanese adults using audiovisual recordings of 14 native English speakers articulating 90 rl word pairs, and analysis of changes in articulatory, acoustical, perceptual and cortical representations of native and non-native phonetic contrasts was performed. Results indicated that perceptual categorization of articulatory movements and resulting phonetic sounds is listener-dependent in a language-specific way, but categorization can be plastically modified even in adulthood through training. Based on these findings, the usefulness of acoustic approaches for proper assessment of communicative values of disordered articulations is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (3074K) -
Kiyoshi Honda2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 154-158
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe X-ray microbeam system is an articulatory measurement system that tracks and records the positions of metal markers that are attached to articulatory organs including the tongue and jaw. In this work, articulatory data obtained with this system were used to examine articulatory variations of alveolar consonants in Japanese and English. Alveolar consonants often show apical and laminal variations. These are generally thought to be individual variations, but they are also known as language-specific variations, for a distinction is made between English [t] and French [t] . This study investigates these subtypes of [t] as well as [s] in Japanese and English, and discusses possible causal factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Satoko Imai, Masahiko Wakumoto, Kazuyo Niu2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 159-169
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectropalatography (EPG) is a method to obtain data on the dynamics of lingual articulation. It is useful both in the assessment and treatment of various types of articulation disorders, especially distorted sounds with cleft-palate and glossectomized patients.
Many improvements in EPG technique have recently been carried out. The location of electrodes on the artificial palate has been extended to the maxillary tooth and soft palate. In addition. Two new techniques, a three-dimensional EPG and a pressure-sensitive EPG, have been developed.
Here, EPG patterns were examined in fourteen normal Japanese speakers, six male and eight female, aged between 21 and 29 (average 25.1) . All subjects have normal denti-tions and occlusions. The speech material consisted of three syllables, [ta] [sa] [ _??_ a], proceeding the vowel [a] .
The findings clarified that variation in EPG patterns can be observed in normal speakers, especially during utterance of [a _??_a] .
We believe that this phenomenon of variations in EPG patterns in normal speakers is related to factors such as palatal shapes and lingual movement.View full abstractDownload PDF (4434K) -
-A Tagging MRI Movie Study-Masanobu Kumada, Shinobu Masaki, Kiyoshi Honda, Yasuhiro Shimada, Koic ...2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 170-178
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study introduces the “tagging MRI movie”, a new method which combines the synchronized sampling method and tagging snapshot MRI. With this method, both the outer and inner configurations of the tongue during speech are visualized as a movie, and contraction of tongue-related muscles during speech can be estimated. Using data for/ tata/ and /kaka/ produced by one Japanese-speaking male subject, we estimated that the superior longitudinalis and the anterior part of the genioglossus muscles synergically move the tongue-body antero-inferiorly, and antagonically move the tongue-tip antero-superiorly/postero-inferiorly.This new method can be used to acquire information with on the function of tongue muscles during speech, which is very important for clinical matters such as rehabilitation of dysarthria.View full abstractDownload PDF (5036K) -
Ikuyo Fujita, Hisako Monoi, Naoko Okudaira, Megumi Ueda, Kuriko Ono, Y ...2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 179-202
Published: April 20, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Test of Lexical Processing in Aphasia (TLPA) was developed by the Japan Logopedics and Phoniatrics Association Committee on Speech and Language Subcommittee on Aphasia. It forms the core of a battery that has been developed to the present. It consists of lexical decision tests (visual and auditory), noun and verb tests (naming and comprehension), synonym judgment tests (visual and auditory), and a test of nouns in ten semantic categories (naming and comprehension) . The TLPA is designed to assess closely the performance of lexical processing in patients with brain damage.
The TLPA was administered to 70 non-brain-damaged normal subjects. They scored nearly full marks in each test. The results indicate that normal subjects can perform easily the tasks of each test. The results of ANOVA by age and gender did not demonstrate any significant main effect in any tests except for the synonym judgment test (kanji) . Word frequency affected performance in the visual lexical decision test (kanji), and noun tests (naming and auditory comprehension) . On the other hand, word imageability affected performance in the visual lexical decision test (kanji), noun test (auditory comprehension), and synonym judgement test.
The TLPA should be a viable resource for diagnosing lexical deficits in brain-damaged patients, planning their treatment programs and measuring efficacy of the treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (2514K) -
2000 Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 208
Published: 2000
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (44K)
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