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Volume 43 (2002)
- Issue 4 Pages 375-
- Issue 3 Pages 219-
- Issue 2 Pages 105-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 43, Issue 2
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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[in Japanese]2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 105-110
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
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Taeko Adachi, Tatsuya Koeda2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 111-116
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe reported an 11-year-old girl who suffered aphasia and dysgraphia caused by left thalamic infarction. The aphasia was manifested in confrontationnaming andword-finding difficulties. Dysgraphia was observed only in Kanji (-ideograph-) writing. These difficulties improved so significantly when the patient was provided with hints that we assumed memory retrieval must be impaired. Speech therapy was planned and implemented for impairment of memory retrieval. Word-finding difficulties were still observed, but difficulties in confrontation-naming and Kanji writing disappeared quickly and the patient showed better motivation. Finding the mechanism of impairment was judged to be essential for the design of effective speech therapy.View full abstractDownload PDF (2225K) -
Masaki Nishio, Seiji Niimi2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 117-124
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA group of 115 dysarthric speakers rated monosyllabic with regard to word and conversational speech intelligibilities and manifesting severe swallowing disorders were evaluated using videofluoroscopic and bedside examinations. The results showed that the correlation between swallowing function and each level of speech intelligibility was quite high, and that co-occurrence of dysphagia in dysarthric patients was quite high regardless of basic etiology or months post onset. However, the relationship between the two functions is not as simple as it may seem. Prevalence and severity of dysphagia vary greatly according to dyarthria type. Patients in the flaccid, spastic, and mixed categories span a broad range of severity levels, with many severely impaired individuals, while patients in the ataxic, hypokinetic, and UUMN categories seldom manifest co-occurrence of such severe swallowing problems. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between conversational intelligibility and swallowing function varies considerably according to dysarthria type. The correlation was not significant in flaccid, hypokinetic, or UUMN dysarthria. Based on these findings, clinical management of dysarthric patients with dysphagia wasdiscussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (994K) -
—Acoustic Analysis of Vocalization (1) —Lihui Huang, Kimitaka Kaga, Satoshi Imaizumi, Seiji Niimi, Tao Wang2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 125-133
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe compared development of vocalization in 13 normally hearing infants with that in 17 congenitally hearing-impaired infants during the pre-language period. Sound spectrogram of the vocalizations were analyzed by use of Sound Scope. Major results included the following.
1. Regarding pre-canonical babbling, there was no significant difference in frequency or appearance period between normally hearing infants and congenitally hearing-impaired infants.
2. Regarding canonical babbling, pointing behavior and meaningful words, significant differences in frequency and appearance period between normally hearing infants and congenitally hearing-impaired infants were observed.
These results suggest that the presence of the canonical babbling period is important for development of vocalization during the pre-language period.View full abstractDownload PDF (3648K) -
—Acoustic Analysis of Vocalization (2) —Lihui Huang, Kimitaka Kaga, Satoshi Imaizumi, Seiji Niimi, Tao Wang2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 134-140
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe compared development of vocalization during the pre-language period in four infants through 8 months of age and 13 congenitally hearing-impaired young infants older than 8 months. All subjects were fitted with hearing aids. Sound spectrograms of vocalizations were analyzed by use of Sound Scope. Major results included the following.
1. With respect to frequency and appearance period of pre-canonical babbling, there were no significant difference between the groups.
2. With respect to canonical babbling, pointing behaviors and meaningful words, statistics showed high significant difference in frequency and appearance period between the groups. The early fitted group demonstrated shorter time to communicate through eye contact than the later intervention group.
These results suggest that 8 months of age can be considered the prime period for fitting of hearing aids.View full abstractDownload PDF (3761K) -
—Icing Stimulation to the Point of Articulation—Tomoyuki Kojima, Yukiko Sato, Masahiro Kato2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 141-147
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, we reported the efficacy of a training method for articulation of a velar plosive in apraxia of speech. The case was a 53-year-old male who suffered from mixed type aphasia with severe apraxia of speech after cerebral infarction in April 1999. MRI showed an extensive lesion in the left middle cerebral artery region. We administered a training method for articulation of the velar plosive /k/, one of the most difficult sounds for the subject to articulate, in which icing stimulation was applied to the point of articulation, i.e. the soft palate and back of tongue. We then compared performances before and after stimulation. Results showed that the icing stimulation had significant effects on the patient's articulation of /k/. The findings suggest that tactile stimuli applied to the point of articulation facilitate the appropriate movements necessary to articulate. This method was thought to be clinically useful for training of sounds in apraxia of speech which are difficult to instruct by imitation of visual stimuli.View full abstractDownload PDF (3816K) -
—In Young Stutterers, Nonstutterers, and their Mothers—Shoko Miyamoto, Kikuko Hayasaka2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 148-153
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo find the characteristics of speech behavior in young stutterers, nonstutterers, and their mothers, we attempted to observe mother-child interactions. The subjects for this study were 10 young male stutterers, 10 young male nonstutterers, (all 4-6 years old), and their mothers. These four groups were compared with respect to three behaviors: (1) speaking rate, (2) response time latency, and (3) interrupting behavior. The correlations between these behaviors and discontinuity in each child were investigated. The results showed that mothers of young stutteres speak significantly faster than mothers of nonstutteres, and a positive correlation was found between the speaking rates of mothers of stutterers and their children's discontinuities. These findings suggest that a mother's speaking rate has an association with her child's discontinuity.View full abstractDownload PDF (678K) -
Miyoko Ishige, Emi Murano, Masanobu Kumada, Seiji Niimi2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 154-159
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNine patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) -like symptoms were treated by voice therapy. The outcome of the treatment for each patient were evaluated by two methods. 1. Five otolaryngologists assessed the severity of dysphonia before and after voice therapy using a 7 point scale (0: normal-6: most severe) . 2. The patients judged by themselves the degree of improvement through voice therapy.
The results were satisfactory in four of the nine patients. Two of these four patients recorded normal, and were finally diagnosed as functional dysphonia after voice therapy. The other two were the patients diagnosed as ADSD, who had shown a reduction of the symptoms in a trial session of voice therapy.
The results suggest that 1. voice therapy for patients with ADSD-like symptoms is useful as a diagnostic tool for those cases which the differential diagnosis between ADSD and functional dysphonia is necessary. 2. an initial trial session of voice therapy is recommended for patients with ADSD-like symptoms because there are few cases where an improvement of the symptoms might be expected.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K) -
—Comparisons Using a Language Skill Questionnaire at 12, 24, and 36 Months of Age—Kiyoshi Otomo, Yoko Wakaba, Michiko Takahashi, Jun Mishina2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 160-172
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA large number of studies have reported developmental characteristics of low birth weight (LBW) children, but little is known about the language skills of young LBW children acquiring Japanese. This study investigated the language skills of full-term, normally developing (N) children and very LBW children (<1, 500g) at 12, 24, and 36 months of age, using a language development questionnaire. The 12-, 24-, and 36-month age groups consisted of 39, 31, and 30 N children, and 38, 30, and 34 LBW children at corrected ages, respectively. The language comprehension domain in the questionnaire included 4 sub-areas (response to sounds, comprehension of communicative situations, comprehension of directions, and receptive vocabulary), and the language production domain, 6 sub-areas (response, vocal/verbal imitation, spontaneous communication, expressive vocabulary, part of speech, and word combinations/discourse) . The LBW group exhibited a significant delay in nearly all sub-areas. More specifically, the LBW group was typically delayed in response to sounds, comprehension of directions, and spontaneous communication at 12 months, and in comprehension of directions, vocal/verbal imitation, spontaneous communication, expressive vocabulary, and word combinations at 24 months. The results also revealed the general order of lexical acquisition for such parts of speech as demonstratives, interrogative pronouns and conjunctions. The findings were consistent with past reports that LBW children exhibit general intellectual delays.View full abstractDownload PDF (1780K) -
Sawako Saito2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 173-181
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo assess the syntax ability of speech-handicapped children, it is necessary to have comparative data from normal children. In Japan, because there is no commonly used syntax test for children, syntax data from normal children is not available, aside from those of a limited number of subject studies.
To meet this need for data concerning the development of grammatical morphemes in normal Japanese children, an original expressive syntax test was developed based on the rules of Japanese grammar (Koike 1994, 1997) . This test was administered to 140 normal subjects aged from 3 : 6 to 6 : 11 years.
The results suggest that normal children have learned the grammatical particle “ga” (the subjective case) by 5 : 6, “de” (the locative case), “ni” (the case indicating the attached place), “kara” (the case indicating the starting place or time) and “de” (the case indicating the tools) by 6 : 6. By the age of 6 : 6, the “passive voice” and “causative voice” have also been learned. But only half of 6-year-old children have learned “wo” (the objective case) . To develop the syntax test further, the following concerns should be addressed : (1) the need to test each morpheme individually ; (2) the effect of test sentence familiarity on the results.View full abstractDownload PDF (1121K) -
Yotaro Hatamura2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 182-188
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew challenges always force us to confront failures. We then feel the need for knowledge and experience, and this need leads us to creation and the achievement of progress. The same principle applies to the world of technology. Our society has made advances by giving birth to new technologies by analyzing past faults and establishing new knowledge. People, however, tend to look only at the negative aspects of faults, mistakes, or accidents.
The “Study of Failures” clarifies faults that are necessary for the advancement of society and those that are unwanted by society. It encompasses ideas and deals with the methodology of turning around these faults, whether they are necessary or unwanted, by making positive use of them, instead of concentrating on the negative results they produced. This paper introduces the “Study of Failures” by looking at the need for committing faults, the relation between cause and results of faults, and their actual applications.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
[in Japanese]2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 189
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
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Masae Shiroma2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 190-195
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA longitudinal study was conducted of auditory, speech and language development in pre-lingual deaf young children with cochlear implant. The results showed that auditory learning contributes to speech and language development. The findings also indicated that the timing of the cochlear implantation for young children should be considered within the scope of each child's total development, because outcome varies largely from individual to individual. Several suggestions emerged from this study. 1) Diagnosis of the possibility of multiple handicaps should be rendered as early as possible and the needs of each individual met accordingly. 2) Communication methods should be modified for developmentally delayed children in line with the development level of the individual. 3) Appropriate and reliable methods of assessment should be developed.View full abstractDownload PDF (737K) -
Sawako Saito2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 196-199
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChildren and adolescents with Down syndrome typically have handicaps in many aspects of their speech and language, but only a limited number of studies have been undertaken in Japan pertaining to their development of syntax. In this study, an originally developed syntax test and picture description tasks were administered to 20 children and adolescents with Down syndrome, aged from 11 : 4 to 19 : 11 years, to investigate their syntax abilities. The results were as follows. (1) The subjects learned to express 6 grammatical particles (the subjective case “ga” ; objective case “wo” ; locative case “de” ; case indicating the attached place, “ni” ; case indicating the starting place or time, “kara” ; and case indicating the tools, “de”), the passive voice and the causative voice 1 to 3 years behind the normal children corresponding to their mental ages. (2) Almost all of subjects failed to learn comprehension of the objective case, the passive voice and the causative voice. (3) The subjects made numerous errors in grammatical cases in picture description tasks.
These findings suggest that children and adolescents with Down syndrome have syntax deficiency. They might be able to develop syntax abilities only after their mental age reaches 7 to 8 years old.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
Hatsu Takami2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 200-206
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree senior children with severe cerebral palsy and speech impediment were examined for development of oral and written languages. The study showed clear individual difference in language ability and development of semantics, phonology and syntax. In relation to development of oral and written languages, even if a subject learned written language, phonemic analysis and synthesis capability were thought to remain poor because of, and reading comprehension ability to be affected by, the speech impediment. However, although the conditions of each individual differed, all the children with cerebral paly are thought to have their development of language competence affected by (1) speech intelligibility, (2) motor function of the limbs controlling augmentative and alternative communication, (3) intelligence and word comprehension ability, (4) ability of movement.View full abstractDownload PDF (913K) -
—from Data on Acquired Childhood Aphasia—Akira Uno, Naoko Shinkai, Junko Kozuka, Kazuya Sakamoto, Noriko Haruha ...2002 Volume 43 Issue 2 Pages 207-212
Published: April 20, 2002
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTraditional descriptions of the clinical picture of acquired childhood aphasia (ACA) invariably claims nonfluency with rapid and complete recovery. In our study, we investigated the symptoms, recovery and lesion site in six cases of ACA with localized lesions from cerebro-vascular disease. The results showed that children with ACA achieve a higher recovery level than adult aphasics whose onset time is after 40 years of age, but that recovery is almost the same as that of aphasics whose onset time is between 15 and 27 years of age. Though overall recovery level is high, improvement is limited, however, and scores on repetition tests and Kanj i writing were significantly lower than those of the controls. As all children with ACA have lesions in the left hemisphere and the earliest onset was presumed to be around two years of age, the findings suggest that dominancy of the left hemisphere may possibly be established around two years after birth.View full abstractDownload PDF (2250K)
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