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Volume 45 (2004)
- Issue 4 Pages 269-
- Issue 3 Pages 181-
- Issue 2 Pages 99-
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Volume 45, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Yuki Noguchi, Yoshiaki Ozawa, Kazuko Yamasaki, Satoshi Imaizumi2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 269-275
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop a screening test for early detection of communication problems in children, we analyzed the mind-reading ability from speech of 339 subjects (173 male and 166 female) using spoken phrases with positive or negative linguistic meanings uttered by a woman with positive and negative emotions. For 20 phrases, the subjects were required to judge linguistic valence in linguistic tasks and emotional valence in emotion tasks. In the emotion tasks, correctness scores significantly increased with age for ironic and jocular phrases which have inconsistent linguistic and emotional valences, and the scores of junior high school students did not reach the level of the adult subjects. These results suggest that the ability to understand a speaker's hidden but true intensions by separating and integrating linguistic and emotional valences develops slower than estimated by conventional theory-of-mind tests based on false belief tasks.View full abstractDownload PDF (1083K) -
—Improvement in Intelligibility of Conversational Speech—Mari Hamamura, Takahiro Ono, Takashi Nokubi, Kousuke Honda2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 276-282
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis is a clinical case report of a chronic dysarthric patient suffering from velopharyngeal Incompetency which was successfully managed through continuous application of a palatal lift prosthesis (PLP) with attached palatal augmentative prosthesis and functional speech therapy. Intelligibility declined in continuous speech because aggravation of nasal air emission triggered exacerbation of impaired speech processes and emergence of maladaptive compensatory adjustments including increased loudness and speech rate.Immediately after application of the PLP, the patient's single word intelligibility score increased from 58% to 79%. We also administered a training method using See-scape, a device which provides visual biofeedback of nasal air emission. This method improved the velopharyngeal functioning and reduced the maladaptive compensatory adjustments. As a result, intelligibility of conversational speech improved 2 points, according to a 9-point rating scale, up to a functionally sufficient level. These results suggest that 1) even mild malfunctioning of the velopharyngeal mechanism can contribute substantially to reduced intelligibility in continuous speech, and thus prosthetic procedures should be considered as the first choice of treatment at the early stage of intervention, and that 2) biofeedback through See-scape can be clinically useful for treating maladaptive compensatory adjustments of an effortful nature caused by velopharyngeal incompetency.View full abstractDownload PDF (5951K) -
Yasushi Ishihara2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 283-289
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of speech and pronunciation therapy on hearing-impaired adolescents. Five hearing-impaired college students, two male and three female, who received therapy during the same semester were selected for this analysis. Two types of test, one a monosyllabic articulation test and the other a speech intelligibility test, were executed before and after the therapeutic sessions. In the speech intelligibility test, two groups of listeners (experienced and inexperienced in deaf speech) evaluated speech intelligibility. The results were as follows:
1. Higher scores after the therapeutic sessions were recognized in four students in both tests. This result indicates that the speech of these students was improved through the therapeutic sessions.
2. There was a correlation (Spearman's rank correlation) between the monosyllabic articulation and speech intelligibility test scores. It is thought that the better monosyllabic articulation after the therapeutic sessions enabled the improved speech intelligibility.
3. Results of variance analysis indicated there was a significant difference between the experienced and inexperienced listeners in the speech intelligibility test scores. Scores for experienced listeners were higher than those for inexperienced listeners in four students.View full abstractDownload PDF (1083K) -
—Laryngeal Function in Speech—Anders Löfqvist2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 290-291
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (282K) -
[in Japanese]2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 292
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (168K) -
—Terminology, Symptomatology, and Intervention Strategies—Tomoyuki Kojima2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 293-299
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, several issues concerning terminology, symptomatology, and intervention strategies relating to “apraxia of speech” were pointed out. First, in order to inspect the validity of including this symptom under apraxia, a study was made of inconstancy in speech errors and voluntary/involuntary dissociation in speech fluency in cases with this symptom, which Darley et al. regard as evidence that this symptom is a type of apraxia. The findings suggested, however, that it is not valid to interpret this symptom as a subtype of apraxia. Second, the validity of using the term “substitution”, which also is used in reference to a type of speech error shown by cases with phonological retrieval disorders, as a type of speech error shown by cases with this symptom was discussed. Finally, concepts concerning intervention strategies for this symptom were demonstrated, referring to the dichotomy by Square et al. i.e., namingly, microstructural and macrostructural approaches.View full abstractDownload PDF (4678K) -
Kyoko Suzuki2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 300-303
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSApraxia of speech (AOS) has been reported to be closely related to frontal lesions in the language dominant hemisphere. However, the exact location of the lesion that causes AOS remains to be determined. We reviewed reported cases of pure AOS in which lesions were clearly demonstrated by MRI, CT or autopsy studies. Twenty-one cases had unilateral lesions in the left cerebral hemisphere, and all except one demonstrat-ed lesions in the inferior part of the left precentral gyrus. In contrast, another study examining aphasic patients with AOS as one element of aphasic symptoms had a left insular lesion in common.
We examined patients with left frontal and insular lesions to clarify the region crucial to causing AOS. All patients with AOS had lesions in the left precentral gyrus, while patients without AOS demonstrated lesions including the insular cortex but not the precentral gyrus. Language mapping using electric cortical stimulation during operation revealed that stimulation to the inferior part of the left precentral gyrus caused speech arrest or delayed responses. These impairments were not language specific but were related to the tongue motor area or negative motor areas. These findings suggest that the left precentral gyrus may strategically act as a node to control complex orolingual movements including speech.View full abstractDownload PDF (542K) -
Reiko Hyuga2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 304-308
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a general concept, apraxia of phonation is less established than apraxia of speech, and there are fewer reports as well. Here we present a patient of dysphonia who exhibited apraxia of speech and Broca aphasia due to cerebral infarction of the left MCA area; we examined the patient for apraxia of phonation. The patient whispered on a continuing basis for more than eight months. Meanwhile, voiced elements were in evidence when the patient laughed or coughed. Dysphonia was dissociated from improvement in articulation. Inspection by nasopharyngolaryngoscope revealed instances when vocal cord movements during utterances lacked consistency, or when there were unnatural glottal closures and non-adduction of the vocal cords. Deviation in the timing of breathing and vocal cord movements was also observed during intentional coughing and deep breathing other than for utterances. Non-consistency, and automatic and voluntary dissociation with vocal cord movements were clear; and these were viewed as a form of apraxia. These findings suggest that dysphonia in this patient is marked by impairment of control of the higher center of the vocal cords.View full abstractDownload PDF (668K) -
—Correlation to Apraxia of Speech with Respect to Semiology and Etiology—Masashi Nakajima2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 309-314
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFoix-Chavany-Marie syndrome, or anterior operculum syndrome, is a cortical type of pseudobulbar palsy characterized by anarthria and facio-linguo-pharyngo-laryngo-glosso-masticatory diplegia with “automatic voluntary dissociation”. Besides the classical and most common form associated with cerebrovascular disease, the syndrome may be caused by central nervous system infections, neuronal migration disorders, epilepsy, or neurodegenerative disorders. The neurodegenerative form of the syndrome should be considered a variant of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. The semiology, topography of the responsible lesion, and etiology of the progressive anterior operculum syndrome are discussed and compared to apraxia of speech.View full abstractDownload PDF (877K) -
Mitsuru Kawamura2004 Volume 45 Issue 4 Pages 315-320
Published: October 20, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the clinical symptoms and pathological findings in 43 cases of primary progressive speech apraxia in 43 cases. The mean age of onset of the initial symptoms was 61.7 years, with a slight predilection for females. The time between the onset of symptoms and the medical examination was 3.4 years. The mean duration of the illness was 5.4 years for the surviving cases and 7.4 years for the 14 deceased cases. The most frequently encountered apraxia symptom is buccofacial apraxia. Neurological examination often reveals dysarthria from the beginning of the illness. As for the higher functional problems, apraxia of speech is often accompanied by executive/frontal disturbances. With regard to the radiological findings, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging show characteristic atrophy in the left frontal lobe. Diffuse disturbance in single photon emission computed tomography (positron emission tomography study) is seen on the more severely atrophic side. In the autopsy and biopsy examinations, one case was diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease, two with cortico basal degeneration, two with Pick's disease and three with nonspecific change. Primary progressive speech apraxia is a heterogeneous symptomatic condition; furthermore, it is suggested that the cerebral system of behavioral association might be more subdivided than was formerly believed.View full abstractDownload PDF (804K)
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