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Volume 47 (2006)
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Volume 47, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Yoshio Miki, Chika Araki, Kanji Nohara, Kentarou Okuno2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 143-154
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study investigated change and durability of audition ability acquired through repetitive listening to a glossectomized patient's abnormal articulation in 100-syllable Japanese speech intelligibility tests undertaken at proper intervals, on condition that the same subject listened to the patient's articulation at each examination. Audition ability improved rapidly after several tests and was maintained after seven months. Dependence of audition ability on the number of implemented tests was analyzed from the viewpoints of place of articulation, manner of articulation, phoneme and back vowel. In addition, differences in audition ability among the tested subjects were also examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (1254K) -
Yoshio Miki, Takuya Niikawa, Kanji Nohara, Kentarou Okuno2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 155-165
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study acoustically investigated Japanese vowels, and three acoustic cues were found. The first acoustic cue is the ratio of the second f ormant frequency to the first formant frequency. The second cue is the ratio of the third formant frequency to the second formant frequency. Both of these cues can be explained theoretically using perturbation theory for a singular acoustic tube model. The third acoustic cue is determined by the relative strength in the intermediate region between the second and third formant frequencies and the threshold value. This cue is related to the auditory masking phenomenon. We determined three criteria for these three acoustic cues based on the voices of 84 subjects.
We found that the problem of speaker normalization of vowels in speech perception was solved by taking the third acoustic cue into account. These findings confirmed that this method is appropriate for evaluating pathological articulation and can be applied to acoustic analysis of pathological voices.View full abstractDownload PDF (1390K) -
Yasuhiro Sasao, Takashi Tachimura, Kanji Nohara, Takeshi Wada2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 166-170
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: December 08, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSObjective: The purpose of this study was to clarify whether a carnival blower is useful for evaluating velopharyngeal function.
Method: Two groups of carnival blowers were used in this study. Each group was comprised of ten carnival blowers provided by two manufacturers (O and Y) . Experiments in this study were performed under two conditions: I) when the carnival blower is changed from a rolled-up position to the condition of being completely extended; II) when the blower is maintained in a rolled-up position. Extension of the carnival blowers and maintenance in the extended position were performed by means of regulation of airflow volume using a machine blower connected to the carnival blower. Air pressure in each condition was measured through a catheter inserted into the cavity of the system.
Results: Under condition I, the average value of air pressure was identified to be 33.2 (SD 3.4, CV 0.10) and 40.5 (SD 4.0, CV 0.10) cmH2O for blowers by O and Y manufacturers, respectively. Under condition II, the average value of air pressure was identified to be 1.7 (SD 0.8, CV 0.48) and 3.1 (SD 0.3, CV 0.10) cmH2O for blowers by O and Y manufacturers, respectively. Under both conditions, greater air pressure was measured for carnival blowers made by manufacturer Y. Moreover, with both types of carnival blower, air pressure was greater under condition I than under condition II (student t test: p<0.01) . This variation was observed not only between the carnival blowers of the two manufacturers, but also within the carnival blowers of the same manufacturer.
Conclusion: This study clarified that during blowing of a carnival blower, oral air pressure may range variously in relation to differences in the condition of the rolled paper. These findings indicated that evaluation of velopharyngeal function using carnival blowers may be inconsistent.View full abstractDownload PDF (2348K) -
—From the Viewpoint of Metacommunication as the Basis of Language Acquisition—Seiko Kuroda, Masako Hayashi, Reiko Beppu, Isao Takimoto2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 171-180
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated qualitative changes in the development of communication in two cases of deaf-born infants, during their first two years of wearing cochlear implants. The results were as follows.
1) We found a certain degree of improvement in transmission and recognition of the‘vitality affect’of their parents' voices in both cases. 2) As a consequence, the infants came to pay attention to or guess at their parents' feelings, and we found the appearance of‘meta-level communication’functioning as the basis of language acquisition. 3) Such changes may be effected by a change in the quality of the psychological sympathetic relationship between parents and infants resulting from the transmission of the vitality affect. 4) Also, there may have been a positive impact from the parents' having already acquired their attitude as the communication partner before wearing of the cochlear implant, with wearing of the cochlear implant having started after the infants had achieved a certain level of communication development. 5) We found that the deaf infants' auditory experiences transcended the simple level of hearing the phonological form of words; their experiences, represented by‘the appearance of mother-infant communication through lullabies’, effected a change in the infants' quality of life, and also appeared to extend to recognition of Japanese social-cultural experiences that had been difficult to understand before surgery. 6) The findings suggested that for deaf-born infants wearing of cochlear implants in combination with use of manual communication can have various levels of significance for both the infant and parent.View full abstractDownload PDF (1623K) -
—From the Standpoint of Hemispheric Lateralization—Yukiko Sato, Tomoyuki Kojima, Masahiro Kato2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 181-187
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the validity of the conventional theory proposing that constructional function is localized separately in the right and left hemispheres of each individual. In patients with brain damage, constructional ability was evaluated using control factors such as criteria, etiology, and the location and extension of the lesion. The subjects consisted of 33 patients with cerebral infarction (23 with left brain damage and 10 with right brain damage) . The subjects copied Rey's complex figure, and their drawings were assessed using the Rey-Osterrieth unit scoring system. The following results were obtained. 1) Comparison between the groups with right or left brain damage showed good constructional ability in the group with left brain damage but decreased ability in the group with right brain damage. 2) For both groups, patients with an exceptional score were suspected to have anomalous lateralization. These results suggested that: (1) constructional function is not localized separately in each hemisphere in each individual, but is generally localized contralateral to the localization of language function (mostly the right hemisphere) ; and (2) language and constructional functions are localized in the same hemisphere only in exceptional cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (3440K) -
—Employing Direct Magnitude Estimation (DME) —Satoko Imai, Yukari Yamashita2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 188-193
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to investigate objective methods for assessing speech intelligibility. The speech intelligibility of 8 glossectomized patients was scaled by three groups of listeners applying direct magnitude estimation (DME) : listeners experienced and inexperienced with speech disorders of glossectomized patients, and undergraduate students in the Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Pathology. Reliability and validity of their assessments were examined.
The following results were obtained.
1. Interjudge and intrajudge reliability of DME was high for judges experienced in listening to glossectomized patients.
2. The speech intelligibility obtained by DME was closely related to the results of the sentence intelligibility test developed by the authors.
3. No significant differences in speech intelligibility were noted among the three judge groups. However, the standard deviations of the intelligibility scores differed significantly among the three groups of listeners, and dispersion of speech intelligibility was evident in the student group.
These results suggest that DME is a valid method for measuring speech intelligibility by experienced judges.View full abstractDownload PDF (938K) -
Tomoko Kobayashi2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 194-201
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpeech and language training for deaf children is performed at Kanazawa University Hospital using the Kanazawa Method, which consists of reception and production training in sign language along with auditory/oral language and written language training. The present investigation was undertaken to explore the verbal IQ scores of 30 hearing-impaired subjects who were trained by the Kanazawa Method before entering elementary school. The subjects were 10 males and 20 females, ranging in age from 9 to 36 with a median age of 16. The median of the average hearing level of the better ear at the time of this study was 91.5 dB. There were 14 subjects with hearing below 89 dB and 16 subjects with hearing above 90 dB. Verbal IQ scores were evaluated using WISC-III WAIS-R. The results obtained were as follows. (i) Eighty percent of the subjects had a VIQ of 85 or higher. (ii) No statistically significant VIQ difference was found between the group up to 89 dB and the group above 90 dB, and 75 percent of the severely hearing-impaired subjects whose average hearing level was above 90 dB had a VIQ of 85 or higher. (iii) No statistically significant VIQ correlation was found with age at the onset of training. These results suggest that early presentation of written language is effective in the acquisition of verbal intelligence.View full abstractDownload PDF (1219K) -
—An Investigation about the Effects of Wearing a Hotz Plate—Toshiko Nakajima, Norifumi Nakamura, Nobuyuki Mitsukawa, Kenichi Yanag ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 202-207
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChildren with unrepaired cleft palates demonstrate a high percentage of glottal consonants. After restoring adequate velopharyngeal competence by palatoplasty, the place of articulation is reported to shift forward as speech develops, according to previous investigations. In case of cleft palate children with palatalized misarticulation, it is assumed that the shift of the place of articulation was insufficient for articulating correct sounds. Previous investigations indicate that occlusion of the anterior part of the palate, fistula formation and slight velopharyngeal incompetence are suspected as the etiological factors.
The present study examined the morphological features of the palate of cleft palate children with palatalized misarticulation. The subjects were 30 postoperative complete unilateral cleft lip and palate children without any complications. Among them, 9 children were wearing a Hotz plate before palatoplasty. 23 children demonstrated palatalized misarticulation. Dental casts at dental age TIC were measured, and differences between the two groups with and without palatalized misarticulation and using or not using a Hotz plate were examined. The occlusion and shallowness of the palate, especially in the posterior area, were more severe in the children with palatalized misarticulation than in the children without it. There was no difference between the two groups using or not using a Hotz plate.
The results of this investigation suggest that occlusion and shallowness of the palate may be among the etiological factors associated with palatalized misarticulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (857K) -
Shoichiro Fukuda, Keiko Tsukamura2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 208-212
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe number of deaf children who use cochlear implant has been increasing in tandem with advances in Cochlear implants, and implanted children have improved substantially in their language and social abilities. Deaf children with deaf parents, however, have seldom been implanted partly because their parents frequently express skepticism toward cochlear implants, so use of sign language is normally more common than speech in their home situation. Here, we report on a girl in a deaf family who received a cochlear implant at 1 year and 11 months. Preoperative evaluations of her auditory perceptual performance and language development revealed slight developmental delays compared to her hearing peers. Postoperatively, however, she achieved age-appropriate linguistic competence at the age of 3 years and 9 months. Our intervention, including first fitting of a hearing aid and subsequent cochlear implant, provided satisfactory language development in this case. In addition, the experience of her hearing grandmother and aunt having raised the mother of the present case played an important role in her effective acquisition of language.View full abstractDownload PDF (702K) -
Masako Notoya, Hiromi Harada, Chiho Ishida, Tomoko Kobayashi, Mitsuru ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 213-218
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis report concerns the case of a 10-year-old, right-handed girl who present-ed marked right-left disorientation and anosmia but showed no aphasia or severe mental deficiency. To the best of our knowledge, there are no previous reports of such clinical findings. The possible neuropsychological reasons for this condition are discussed. The patient's neuropsychological results comprised right and left disorientation, errors in calculation, disability to copy a cube, inability to carry over and down when calculating, difficulty in telling time, and impairment in understanding spatial-grammatical words/sentences. These abnormalities in this patient cannot be explained by aphasia as has been previously claimed. We therefore conclude that the characteristics of our findings are in agreement with those of developmental spatial orientation disorders.View full abstractDownload PDF (764K) -
[in Japanese]2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 219-222
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
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Ollivier Laccourreye2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 223
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this one hour keynote lecture the speaker will review the historiscal aspects of the supracricoid partial laryngectomies namely the cricohyoidoepig-lottopexy (CHEP) and cricohyodopexy (CHP) procedure together with the technical reffinements that allow for a succesfull functional outcome. The indications, contraindications and oncological results published in the medical litterature as well as the experience gained at the author institution over the past thirty years will be presented and discussed. Emphasis, using numerous videos, will be placed upon the selection criteria, technical perioperative maneuvers and postoperative man-agement that allow for a successfull outcome in terms of swallowing, respiration and phonation.View full abstractDownload PDF (54K) -
[in Japanese]2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 224
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (185K) -
Koichi Tsunoda2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 225-229
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Akihiro Shiotani2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 230-233
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Masamitsu Hyodo2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 234-239
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of phonosurgery is to correct vocal fold structure and position during phonation. Therefore, precise preoperative imaging of the lesion, showing vocal fold atrophy, position, etc., is indispensable, especially in laryngeal framework surgeries. In this paper, we describe the usefulness of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) CT endoscopic imaging using helical CT, as well as their applications for phonosurgery. With MPR, the coronal section of the larynx clearly showed vocal fold atrophy and the vertical difference between the affected and normal vocal folds. CT endoscopic imaging provided pictures in the same fashion as seen with a conventional endoscope; it also enabled multidirectional observation of the larynx and was useful in choosing surgical procedures. With the aid of reconstructed 3D images, we performed image-guided surgical simulation of type 1 thyroplasty and created a laryngeal 3D prototype model by 3D printing method. These techniques can be utilized for surgical planning and simulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (7953K) -
—Expression of CD44 and Distribution of Hyaluronic Acid—Kiminori Sato, Kikuo Sakamoto, Tadashi Nakashima2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 240-246
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExpression of CD44 and distribution of hyaluronic acid were examined in the human vocal fold mucosa. The roles played by the stellate cells of the maculae flavae in hyaluronic acid metabolism and the theme of this symposium-“The Future of Phonosurgery”- were discussed from the aspect of basic science.
Light microscopic investigation was carried out on 6 normal human vocal fold mucosa using Alcian Blue staining (pH 1 and pH 2.5), hyaluronidase digestion study and immunohistochemistry for CD44.
During adulthood, hyaluronic acid was found to be distributed in the vocal fold mucosa. Almost all of the stellate cells in the maculae flavae showed CD44 expression, and much hyaluronic acid existed around the stellate cells in the adult maculae flavae. Fibroblasts in the adult Reinke's space expressed little CD44, and hyaluronic acid density in that space was lower than that in the maculae flavae.
The findings of this study suggest that stellate cells in the macula flava and CD44 co-operatively play important roles in maintaining hyaluronic acid in the human vocal fold mucosa. The stellate cells in the maculae flavae located at both ends of the human vocal fold mucosa are postulated to be involved in the metabolism of extracellular matrices of the vocal fold mucosa. Phonosurgery in the 21st century is projected to involve a multidisciplinary approach. The basic science of the cells and extracellular matrix of the vocal fold mucosa is postulated to contribute to tissue engineering of vocal folds and phonosurgery.View full abstractDownload PDF (5586K) -
Koichiro Nishiyama, Takashi Masaki, Hiromi Nagai, Daimon Hashimoto, Da ...2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 247-251
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new surgical technique of endoscopic vocal cord medialization was applied to 11 cases of laryngeal palsy with relatively large glottal gap. The endoscopic approach is less invasive than other medialization techniques performed via external skin incision. However, the endoscopic technique is often ineffective for cases of laryngeal palsy with a large glottal gap. In our new technique, autologous fascia transplantation was carried out under direct laryngoscopy laterally to the paralyzed vocal cord, so as to reinforce the medialization. Postoperative results were remarkable in all cases, with significant improvement in vocal function and disappearance of misdeglutition.View full abstractDownload PDF (2298K) -
Yuri Fujiwara, Gunilla Henningsson, Noriko Ainoda2006 Volume 47 Issue 2 Pages 252-257
Published: April 20, 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 22, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPurpose: To perform content analysis of perceptual speech assessment methods appearing in articles in Japanese journals.
Data extraction and analysis: We extracted 59 articles from four major journals on cleft palate published between 1988 and 2004, and analyzed their content with respect to numbers and ages of subjects, variables of speech samples, types of speech sounds, judgment method, variables of judges, and reliability measurement.
Results and conclusion: The subjects' numbers and ages showed a wide range. Two major variables of the samples were resonance and articulation, and the types of speech sounds were diverse. The most prominent judging method for articulation was transcription. The numbers and professions of the judges were missing in almost half, and a description of reliability measurement was absent in most articles. We concluded that these diversities and lacks of information constitute potential hindrances to effective comparison and sharing of information not only at the domestic level but also in global terms.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K)
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