ラグビーワールドカップ2019，東京2020オリンピック・パラリンピック競技大会，ワールドマスターズゲーム ズ関西2021の開催を控え，国内ではスポーツツーリズムが脚光を浴びている．しかしながら，スポーツツーリズ ムはメガイベントのみに限られるものではない．スポーツツーリズムはメガイベントとは異なる規模や種類の スポーツの文脈でも見受けられ，大都市圏外での持続可能な地域発展の手段になる可能性を秘めている．本研 究では沖縄の現状を考察しながら，持続可能な地域発展の手段としてのスポーツツーリズムの活用について探索 する．最初に，スポーツツーリズムの概要を真正性といった利点と生涯を通したスポーツツーリズムの変化に 対する理解不足といった欠点から論じる．次に，スポーツツーリズムを持続可能な地域発展の手段として活用 する事例として，「スポーツアイランド沖縄」という観光キャンペーンを実施している沖縄県を取り上げる． 本研究では，半構造化インタビューをスポーツコミッション沖縄（SCO），沖縄観光コンベンションビューロ ー（OCVB），沖縄空手会館（OKK）の担当者に実施するとともに，各組織のホームページのレビューを行っ た．調査結果から，スポーツツーリズムの発展に関する戦略は，沖縄の持続可能な地域発展に繋がっていること が示唆された．本研究結果から示唆された沖縄県への提言として，（a）スポーツ経歴の異なるライフステージ をターゲットとした意識的なポートフォリオの作成，（b）SCO，OCVB，OKKの組織間を超えたマーケティン グや開発努力の調整，（c）プロスポーツ春季キャンプ等の際に指摘される地域スポーツ資源の飽和状態の解決 に向けた戦略開発，の3点が挙げられる．

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The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of re-participation intention, word-of-mouth, and affect among cycle sport event participants based on the affect valuation theory. An online survey was conducted for the participants in a cycle sport event, and 110 participants completed the survey. Results of multiple regression analyses indicated that ideal high-arousal positive affect positively related to re-participation intention, whereas actual high-arousal positive affect at the finish line positively related to re-participation intention and word-of-mouth. These results align with the affect valuation theory, suggesting that sport participation behaviors in the future can be predicated, to some degree, by knowing participants＇ ideal affect. The results also clarified that, unlike ideal, actual high-arousal positive affect at the finish line leads to not only reparticipation intention, but also word-of-mouth. This research indicates a great potential in the affect valuation theory to advance the field of lifelong sports.

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Masters Sport is well known for its motto: ＂Sport for Life,＂ and has since been researched from sociological and psychological perspectives. Although Masters Sport events bring a lot of benefits to individuals and the regions that host them, little is known about how to properly manage the events. Also, this subject is of increasing importance to Japan with the 10th World Masters Games 2021 coming up in Kansai. In order to maximise benefits from Masters Sport events, more studies on event management are needed and it seems that Japan needs this sort of knowledge by comparing with the cases of those leading countries. The purpose of this study was to clarify the similarities and differences of event management on Masters Sport between Japan and Australia by applying the ＂domain＂ of Silver＇s (2013) EMBOK (Event Management Body of Knowledge) model. The two Masters Sport events called ＂Japan Sport Masters＂ and ＂Australian Masters Games＂ were set as the case studies. Data were derived from the archival materials, on-site observations and interviews. We categorised these data into the seven classes of each model＇s five domains (marketing, design, operation, administration, and risk) by content analysis, and then we compared the total 35 classes of Japan Sport Masters with their counterparts of Australian Masters Games. In order to better parallel the outcomes of these two cases, we focused on the similarities in the domain of risk, as well as the differences in the domains of marketing, design, operation, and administration. We found 12 similarities and 19 differences between those two events. This study has benefited Lifelong Sport literature by providing a new perspective on event management and demonstrating the utility of the ＂domain＂ of the EMBOK model as a unit of analysis for Masters Sport events.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the physical activity, physical fitness and functional capacity of community-dwelling independent older women whose daily physical activity (PA) is limited by knee pain. The participants were 102 women ≥65 years of age. Their knee pain and activities of daily living were assessed using a questionnaire. The physical activity was measured for two weeks using a uniaxial accelerometer. The physical fitness tests included handgrip strength, knee extensor strength, stepping, one-leg standing time with eyes open, Timed Up-and-Go test and 10-m maximum walking test. The functional capacity was assessed using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. In this study, the total steps per day and moderate intensity PA were significantly lower in the knee pain group than in the no knee pain group. The one-leg standing time with eyes open and maximum walking speed were significantly lower in the knee pain group than in the no knee pain group. Furthermore, the steps per days, moderate intensity PA and knee extension strength were significantly lower in those with knee pain on walking or climbing stairs than in those with knee pain but no difficulty walking or climbing stairs. The present study suggests that it is important to pay attention to not only knee pain but also knee pain on difficulty walking or climbing stairs for preventive care.

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The World Masters Games, which is the one of the biggest participant sport events, will be hosted in Kansai in 2021. The purpose of this report was to explore constraints and constraint negotiation among Japanese masters games participants in the international masters games. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Japanese masters athletes in the World Masters Games 2017 Auckland by asking about any problems they experienced (constraints) and the strategies they adopted to overcome those problems (constraint negotiation). The results revealed that Japanese participants in the international masters games experienced time constraints related to work and family responsibilities. To overcome those constraints, they tried to manage their work schedules (time negotiation) and to gain both understanding and support from their colleagues and families (interpersonal negotiation) in order to participate in the international masters games. Through a series of interviews, we cognized that Japanese participants in the international masters games stood face to face with their constraints to overcome them using their respective strategies.

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