The purposes of this study were to (a) examine factor structures of motivation for marathon event participation and tourism activities; and (b) compare the motivation for marathon event participation and tourism activities across sport tourists without companions, sport tourists with companions, sport excursionists without companions, and sport excursionists with companions. A questionnaire survey was conducted for participants in the 2018 Suwako Marathon, and 532 participants provided usable data. The results of exploratory factor analyses, analyses of variance, and multiple comparisons indicated that in addition to the framework of ＂sport tourists vs. sport excursionists＂, taking into account companion status is key to understanding participants＇ motivation for sport participation and for tourism activities in participant-based sporting events.

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Exercise education campaigns without direct instruction have been practiced in various regions. However, there are little studies on educational campaign for children in local community in Japan. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of educational campaign using only information service on physical fitness of children, and to evaluate the exercise education campaign. This campaign conducted on 188 primary school students from fifth to sixth grade for one year. The information was provided about calisthenics training and coordination training methods, and no direct instructions about these trainings were provided. Before and after campaign period, physical fitness tests (Japan Fitness Test of MEXT; grip strength, 30-s sit-ups, flexibility, repetitive side stepping, 20m shuttle running, 50m sprint, standing long jump, and softball throwing) were measured. As a result, physical fitness of cognitive group who know about the contents of campaign well increased more than that of non-cognitive group, and significant interactions were observed in the following tests; grip strength, flexibility, 20m shuttle running, standing long jump, and softball throwing. Furthermore, significant improvement was observed in the habit of physical exercise of cognitive group. These results indicated that an exercise education campaign providing information about calisthenics training and coordination training methods was quite effective in a development of physical fitness of children.

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The development of tourism that utilizes natural resource is drawing attention as a key pillar of the tourism industry in Japan. Developing nature areas for outdoor sport tourism, especially in the rural areas, can diffuse the concentration of tourists from the city to rural areas. However, not only does Japan lag behind developed countries in terms of the sustainable use of natural resources, but its perspective on the development of sustainable tourism that uses the sort of outdoor sports tourism the government is expecting is still inadequate. Canada, being one of the developed countries working on sustainable tourism development deploying leisure and recreation in natural areas, possesses an integrated management system centered on a national administration for sustainable tourism development. The purpose of this study was to collect the case of Canada＇s national park which developed the idea of sustainability and consider how to promote sustainable tourism utilizing sport in Japan. By collecting data from secondary sources and fieldwork in Jasper national park and Banff national park, some efforts that continuously utilize nature as sport tourism resources were discovered: zoning, interpretive program, tourist＇s conflict management. These efforts for the development of sustainable sport tourism in Canadian national park can be adapted to promote sustainable outdoor sport tourism in Japan.

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We have been conducting regional revitalization projects for and in Shinonsencho, Hyogo Prefecture since 2018. The aim of these projects was to discover the community resources of Shinonsencho from the perspectives of university students and experience the attractions of Shinonsencho as tourists. Other aims included promoting each student＇s mutual understanding, mutual support, and mutual growth by conducting joint seminars among three universities, and contributing towards the town＇s development in cooperation and collaboration with industries, government, universities, and the local community. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to introduce an active learning attempt in the regional revitalization projects for Shinonsencho, and discuss the effects and issues regarding the projects. First, we showed the regional revitalization projects for Shinonsencho. On August 6, field work was held in the morning at Yumura Onsen. In the afternoon, fieldwork and interviews by mixing-up student groups from three universities were conducted. On August 7, each group prepared materials for presentation based on the data and information obtained from the previous day＇s feedback and interviews. In the afternoon, each group presented in front of the people involved with Shinonsencho. On August 8, we conducted a marine experience at the Moroyose Beach with the cooperation of the Shinonsencho staff. Owing to the projects, it became obvious that students could acquire proactive, interactive, and deeper learning. As regards future issues, the need to make time for students to gather information and discuss about Shinonsencho before and after fieldwork and interviews, and the extent to which these projects would contribute towards Shinonsencho＇s regional revitalization were established.

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