The paradigm of disability sport is in the process of changing from a medical model to a social model. Integration and inclusion are important topics in the latter. However, this knowledge and information are unorganized. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to assess the nature, extent, and aspects of peer-reviewed research on the policy and politics of integration and inclusion as they pertain to disability sport. The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) protocol was employed. The findings of 20 peer-reviewed journal articles published in English revealed that the first article was published in 2006 and research has been conducted primarily in the Commonwealth of Nations and European countries. Furthermore, two-thirds of the studies were conducted qualitatively. The research aspects of policy and politics have been divided into research on policies, research on the impact of policies, laws, and treaties, and research on the integration and inclusion process of sport organizations. Our findings highlighted that the policy and politics of integration and inclusion in disability sport have been closely related to domestic law. Moreover, the phenomena of integration and inclusion are sensitive and therefore, it is difficult to evaluate them quantitatively. Therefore, it became evident that process evaluation was employed qualitatively. In addition, there have been difficulties associated with conducting research using a theoretical framework.

  Relationships between socioeconomic status and sports participants have been reported, but these relationships can differ by gender and age. However, there is no study that examined the relationship between socioeconomic status and sports participation stratified by age-sex among Japanese adults. This study is the cross-sectional study by secondly analysis of the SSF national sports-life survey 2014, 2016 and 2018 conducted by the Sasakawa sports foundation. Sports participation was defined as more than once/week (≥52 times/year). The socioeconomic status’ variables were household income, educational status and occupation. Poisson regression analysis was conducted using sports participation as the objective variable, socioeconomic status as the explanatory variable, and potential confounder (age, city size, number of households, body mass index) and the others socioeconomic status as the adjustment variable. In this study, 7,608 Japanese adults (3,772 men, 3,836 women) were included in the analysis. In all age group of men, there was sports participation was significantly less in junior high school & high school in educational status (e.g., the adjusted prevalence ratio of 0.83 [95% CI 0.73, 0.94] for 20-39 years men). In 65+ years men and 65+ years women, there was significantly more sports participation in others (housewife/husband etc.) (e.g., 1.33 [1.17, 1.53] for 65+years men) in occupational status. In women, the relationship between socioeconomic status and sports participant differed by age group. In 20-39years women, there was a significant association between occupation and sports participants. In 40-64years women, household income and educational status significantly associated with sports participation. This study revealed that there are age-sex differences in the relationship between socioeconomic status and sports practice. In the future research, it is necessary to reveal the mediator of relation socioeconomic status with sport participant.

  There is a possibility that exercise is related to social participation in elderly. Social participation has positive effects for health in elderly. The aim of this study was to examine the differences in social interaction among type of habitual exercise in elderly. Design of this study was cross-sectional study. The subjects of this study were 255 elderly people aged over 65 years old who participated in health promotion programs (58men and 197women). Social interaction was evaluated using the "Index of Social Interaction". "Index of Social Interaction" have five subscales (independence，social curiosity，interaction，participation and feelings of safety). Type of habitual exercise was evaluated by with or without a habit of exercise and content of exercise. Analytical method，we divided subjects to 2 groups (exercise group and without exercise group) or 3 groups (sports group, exercise other than sports group and without exercise group) and compare social interaction. Results，exercise group was high independence，social curiosity and participant in the society than without exercise group. Especially，independence was only sports group was higher than without exercise group.

  This research focused on the attitudes and interest regarding COVID-19 of student athletes with differing track records of competition participation. The purpose of this research was to clarify the degree of awareness and interest that varies depending on COVID-19 had on these study subjects.

  An online questionnaire was administered to students in universities across Japan that belonged to sports clubs at their universities. The 637 students from whom questionnaire responses were received were divided into two groups: students who had competed in university competitions at the Japanese nationwide level or above ("nationwide competition group") and students who had competed in regional competitions ("regional competition group"). Fischer’s exact test was performed to cross-tabulate the results, and quantitative text analysis was performed on free answer data.

  The analysis showed that students in the nationwide competition group felt greater psychological uncertainty than students in the regional competition group regarding COVID-19 infection and the impact of COVID-19 on their lives and career development. For the nationwide competition group, the loss of opportunities to build up a track record in competitions that would contribute to their careers following graduation was a major anxiety factor, and there was a significant difference between the nationwide competition group and the regional competition group.

  Co-occurrence network analysis also identified differences in the agents that caused anxiety between the nationwide competition group and the regional competition group. The former felt anxiety regarding chaos in university and club activity trends, while the latter felt uncertainty regarding university-side decision-making and club activity policies. Detailed analysis will need to be performed regarding the approach to take to college sports in the COVID-19 world, and we hope that our research can serve as the exploratory research that leads to this future research.

  The Japanese Society of Lifelong Sports has existed for 20 years, and its annual conference has been held 20 times. A variety of research topics have been taken up by the Society, from social sciences to health sciences. We conducted the present study to clarify research trends in the Society by conducting a quantitative analysis of the titles of academic papers (N = 123) and oral presentations (N = 622), using KH Coder analysis software. We found that the academic papers contained 2,459 words of tokens and 704 words of types. The most frequently used terms in the academic papers were 'sport,' 'research,' 'activity,' 'body,' and 'life.' The oral presentations contained 10,449 words of tokens and 1,712 words of types. The most frequently used terms in the oral presentations were 'sport,' 'research,' 'exercise,' 'activity,' and 'community.' Based on these results, the research trend of the academic papers was similar to that of the oral presentations, but there were some differences: 'marathon' and 'women' were more frequent in the academic papers while 'volunteer' was one of the frequently used words in only the oral presentations. In future study, the researchers and practitioners need study various topics through multiple approaches for the development of lifelong sports.

  The joren^＊1） customers (joren) are commonly used in the hospitality industry in Japan. However, there are few academic studies about joren.

  The purpose of this study is we focused on joren at small ski area, clarified the background of becoming joren, and tried to consider it as one of the consumer categories while comparing it with the loyalty ladder.

  As a result, important factors for a customer to become a joren in a small-scale ski area H are that the customer has characteristics of a ski enthusiast and experiences of “attraction,” “connection,” and “habituation.” In addition, after becoming a joren, the “true feeling of the joren” emerged. In attempting to compare joren with the traditional marketing ladder, it revealed that they were inferred to place between “Supporters” and “Advocates.”

  In recent years, sports club activities have been regarded as a problem from the viewpoint of reform of teachers' working style, corporal punishment, and expectations for local sports clubs have increased instead. In this study, we focussed on a volleyball club of an NPO in Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture. The purpose of this study was to introduce the outline and activities of this club team, and to help future junior sports activities by mainly surveying the satisfaction of the players. We conducted an online questionnaire survey of club staff and players. As a result, the club was engaged in various activities with the aim of not only improving athletic performance but also building social skills. The players who belonged to the club responded that they were able to not only improve their volleyball skills but also gain social skills such as communication skills as a result of the club. Furthermore, the players' overall satisfaction with the club was high. In addition, "content of practice" and "coach's instruction" were identified as factors determining the level of satisfaction. In order to increase satisfaction with the club, it is important to focus on these factors. We would like to continue to feature clubs with attractive activities in the future.

  The sign steeling in baseball is the observing and relaying of signs given by the opposing catcher to the pitcher, and this illegal action is reported frequently. The purpose of this study was to research the existing situations in Japanese high school baseball, and to investigate the coaches and players attitude to sign steeling.

  A questionnaire survey was conducted on 258 university male students who belonged to baseball club when they were high school students. The main contents of survey were following; highest competitive result, presence or absence of experience of sign steeling, effectiveness of sign steeling, and attitude to sign steeling of coaches and players.

  As a result, 85 out of 258 students carried out sign stealing (32.9%), and 74 out of 85 students answered that it was effective (87.0%). There is no significant relationship between competitive result and experience of sign steeling, therefore sign steeling was carried out at any competitive level. We conducted a Chi-square test and the results revealed significant relationship between the attitude to sign steeling of coaches and the experiences of sign steeling (p<0.01). These results indicated that the sign steeling in Japanese high school baseball can be reduced by coaches’ attitude to prohibition against sign steeling.