This study aimed to investigate the relationships between event involvement and participation intention at an online marathon in Japan. We administered an online questionnaire via e-mail to runners at the 10th Ako City Marathon Online Event held in Ako from February 20 to March 7, 2021. Data were collected from 122 runners who were at least 18 years old. To examine the relationships between event involvement and participation intention, a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted with participation intention as the dependent variable, socio-demographics (gender, age, place of residence, family and household structure) as the independent variables in Step 1, and event involvement (attractiveness, centrality, social bonding) as the independent variables in Step 2. The findings showed that age was negatively related to the dependent variable. In Step 2, as in Step 1, age was found to be negatively related to participation intention, while attraction and social bonding for event involvement were positively related to participation intention. The coefficient of determination increased significantly when the event involvement was added as the independent variables, indicating its significance in explaining participation intention..

  The purpose of this study was to develop a Japanese version of the CSAPPA scale and to examine its applicability in assessing the motivation and confidence scale in Japan by analyzing the items related to exercise and sports participation. The subjects were students at an elementary school in Tokyo. The survey items consisted of frequency of exercise and sports, desire to do exercise and sports after graduation, willingness to practice the results of physical education classes, and so on. Additionally, six items from the Children's Self-Perception of Adequacy in and Predilection for Physical Activity (CSAPPA) scale were used as the motivation and confidence domain. The analyses were conducted to verify the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of CSAPPA scale, and covariance structure analysis was conducted based on a hypothetical model using the construct framework of CAPL in order to examine the relationship between CSAPPA scale and the status of exercise and sports activities and the willingness to participate in them in the future. The reliability coefficients of CSAPPA scale and the results of confirmatory factor analysis conducted on the two factors of CSAPPA subscale (Adequacy and Predilection) both met the criteria. Moderate positive correlations were found between the items related to sports activities and the total score of CSAPPA scale. The results of model validation by structural analysis of covariance indicated that all paths were significant and good fits were obtained. The multiple population analysis showed that the models were similar for both males and females. In conclusion, we were able to develop a Japanese version of CSAPPA scale and indicate the applicability of the motivation and confidence assessment scale in Japan.