日本医真菌学会雑誌
Online ISSN : 1882-0476
Print ISSN : 0916-4804
ISSN-L : 0916-4804
42 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の8件中1~8を表示しています
  • 北島 康雄
    2001 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 55-59
    発行日: 2001/04/30
    公開日: 2009/12/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    本稿は平成12年度日本医真菌学会賞受賞研究,すなわち各種病原性真菌細胞の超微細構造と分子生化学的特性に関する研究の内容を紹介するものである.これまでにわれわれが行ってきた研究は1) 病原性皮膚糸状菌の細胞壁の超微細構造と生化学,2) 病原性真菌の細胞膜のフリーズフラクチャー電子顕微鏡による構造解析,3) 抗真菌剤の作用機序と真菌細胞膜,4)病原性真菌の二形性および病原性と膜脂質の4分野に大別される.これらの内容については「病原性真菌の構造構築と生化学的特性:細胞壁,脂質と二形性,抗真菌剤の作用点」というタイトルで昨年総説としてまとめて本誌に報告した(真菌誌41,211-217,2000).そこで,ここではそれらの概略紹介と,前総説で触れなかった病原性皮膚糸状菌隔壁の構造についてのみまとめたい.
  • Koichi Makimura
    2001 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 61-67
    発行日: 2001/04/30
    公開日: 2009/12/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    This describes a new and reliable species identification and classification system for dermatophytes based on the cluster analysis of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) DNA sequences. In this system, some phenotypically similar species construct a compact monophyleic cluster which seems to be a “species”. This ITS1 sequence based species is called an “ITS1-genospecies”. The classification of genospecies is a practical concept for DNA sequence based species identification. It is possible to perform species identification and/or strain typing of 25 major dermatophytes (anamorphic genera Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton, and the teleomorphic genus Arthroderma), some of which are hard to identify from their morphological features, by demonstrating their dendrogram using this system.
  • Yuka Nakamura
    2001 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 69-74
    発行日: 2001/04/30
    公開日: 2009/12/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cryptococcus neoformans consists of two varieties and is divided into five serotypes: serotypes A, D and AD (C. neoformans var. neoformans) and serotypes B and C (C. neoformans var. gattii). This article deals with the investigation on the serotype of C. neoformans by molecular analysis technique in place of the immunological method with antisera against the capsule component of the yeast. For easier and more precise epidemiological surveillance, twenty-seven isolates of C. neoformans were molecularly analyzed by a RAPD method. This method differentiated these isolates of C. neoformans into 4 groups corresponding to the serotypes A, D, AD and complex of serotypes B and C. These results indicated that serotype A, D and AD could be differentiated by the molecular analysis technique described here. Furthermore, nucleotide sequences of CAP59 genes from five serotypes of C. neoformans were analyzed for their phylogenetic relationship. Approximately 600-hp genomic DNA fragments of the CAP59 gene were amplified from each isolate by PCR and sequenced. The CAP59 nucleotide sequences of C. neoformans showed more than 90% similarity among the five serotypes. The phylogenetic analysis of their sequences was divided into three clusters: serotype A and AD, serotype B and C, and serotype D. These results also indicated that serotype B and C isolates belonging to var. gattii were genetically homogeneous and closely related.
  • Dennis M. Dixon
    2001 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 75-80
    発行日: 2001/04/30
    公開日: 2009/12/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The Extramural Mycology Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) has organized and implemented a five workshop series in medical mycology during a critical period in the evolution of contemporary medical mycology (1992 to 2000; http://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/dmid.htm). The goals of the workshop series were to: initiate interactions; build collaborations; identify research needs; turn needs into opportunities; stimulate molecular research in medical mycology; and summarize recommendations emerging from the workshop proceedings. A recurring recommendation in the series was to foster communications within and beyond the field of medical mycology. US-Japan interactions were noted as one specific example of potential information exchange for mutual benefit. The first formal action directed at this recommendation was the workshop “Emergence and Recognition of Fungal Diseases” convened under the auspices of the US-Japan Cooperative Medical Science Program (USJCMSP; http://www.niaid.nih.gov/dmid/us%5Fjapan/default.htm) in Bethesda, Maryland USA on 30 June 1999 (D. M. Dixon & T. Matsumoto, co-chairs). A major goal of the workshop was to present contemporary medical mycology to the Joint Committee of the USJCMSP through representative research presentations in order to make the Committee aware of current status in the field, and the potential for scientific interactions. The second formal action is the workshop, under the auspices of the Japanese Society for Medical Mycology “Medical Perspectives of Fungal Genome Studies” scheduled for 28 November 2000 in Tokyo, Japan (T. Matsumoto & D. M. Dixon, co-chairs). The NIAID Mycology Workshop series recommended interactions between the following groups: academic and pharmaceutical; medical and molecular (model systems); medical and plant pathogens; basic and clinical; mycologists and immunologists. The first two US-Japan workshops can be viewed as consistent with these recommendations, and serve as a Western/Eastern gateway for exchange. The focus of the second US-Japan workshop on genome projects for the medically important fungi provides an excellent model for international communications. Given the tsunami of information that is flowing from genomics and bioinformatics, it is clear that global interactions will be essential in managing and interpreting the data.
  • 望月 隆, 杉田 泰之, 槙村 浩一, Jeong Aee Kim, 加納 塁, 高橋 一朗, Charles N. Okeke, 河崎 昌 ...
    2001 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 81-86
    発行日: 2001/04/30
    公開日: 2009/12/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    この総説は第44回日本医真菌学会で行われたフォーラム「皮膚糸状菌への分子生物学の応用」において発表された7つの演題の抄録集である.このうち,6つの演題は皮膚糸状菌の分類,同定に関するもので,各種の分子生物学的手法,すなわちribosomal(r)DNAのITS1領域の塩基配列,CHS1遺伝子の塩基配列,RAPD法,rDNAのPCR-SSCPによる解析,rDNAのNTS領域のRFLP解析,mitochondrial DNAのRFLP解析の有用性と適応,ならびに分子生物学的手法のもつ問題点に関する発表であった.残りの演題はACT遺伝子のmRNAの定量的RT-PCR法の利用に関するもので,これが菌のviabilityの指標として利用可能である事が示された.
  • 服部 綾子, 飯田 利博, 山口 全一, 西山 千秋
    2001 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 87-90
    発行日: 2001/04/30
    公開日: 2009/12/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    71歳,男性のカンジダ性毛瘡の1例を報告した.気管支喘息のため長期間,エリスロマイシンの内服を行っていたが,重積発作のため当院内科にてステロイドパルス療法を受けた.その約10日後,人中部を中心に,両鼻孔から上口唇にかけて浸潤性隆起性潮紅局面が出現し,局面内に多数の毛孔一致性小膿疱が混在して認められた.両第I,II趾の爪甲全体に白濁,不整が見られた.KOH法にて髭と爪から菌要素を検出.人中部からの病理組織所見は主に毛包周囲の好中球,リンパ球,組織球よりなる炎症性細胞浸潤像であった.髭,爪の培養よりCandida albicansが分離された.フルコナゾール1日100mgの内服で顔面の病変は50日後にはほぼ常色となった.近年ステロイド,抗生物質の汎用のため本症報告例も増加の傾向にあり,自験例もステロイドの大量使用により誘発されたと考えられた.
  • Kayo Watanabe, Masakazu Katsu, Miki Tamura, Katsukiyo Yazawa, Katsuhik ...
    2001 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 91-93
    発行日: 2001/04/30
    公開日: 2009/12/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    A non-pigmented and asporogenic fungal strain without taxonomically useful characteristics was isolated from sputum of a patient with chronic bronchitis. Although the taxonomic position could not be determined based on traditional morphological criteria, the fungus was identified as an Aspergillus fumigatus mutant strain by molecular techniques including ITS sequence analysis and PCR identification system using a PCR primer pair specific for A. fumigatus. Usefulness of these molecular techniques for the identification of non-classifiable fungal strains in a clinical laboratory is discussed.
  • Swarajit Kumar Biswas, Koji Yokoyama, Li Wang, Kazuko Nishimura, Makot ...
    2001 年 42 巻 2 号 p. 95-98
    発行日: 2001/04/30
    公開日: 2009/12/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Candida dubliniensis, a recently described Candida species, is frequently isolated from oral candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals. To detect the organism rapidly, we have developed specific oligonucleotide primers based on the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. These primers selectively amplified DNA only from C. dubliniensis; the DNAs of all pathogenic Candida species tested, as well as those of medically relevant yeasts such as Cryptococcus neoformans, and Trichosporon cutaneum, were not amplified. This is the first report describing the effectiveness of cytochrome b gene in PCR based detection of an organism, and we hope the system will be useful as a microbiological tool for rapid detection of C. dubliniensis.
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