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Volume 43 (1994)
- Issue 3-4 Pages 111-
- Issue 2 Pages 49-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
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Volume 43, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Noritomo KAWAJI1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 1-9,43
Published: July 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA ground nest of the Eastern Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis was found under a dense bamboo grass cover in burned mature forest in western Hokkaido, northern Japan. Two nestlings successfully fledged from the nest. Artificial nest experiments revealed that arboreal nests suffered more predation than ground nests. The predation rates of both ground and arboreal nests were not significantly related to egg colors (white painted or natural quail egg color) or vegetational concealments (e.g. foliage coverage or height and density of the undergrowth). The main predator of arboreal nests appeared to be the Jungle Crow Corvus macrorhynchos which bred near the study area. The foliage coverage above the arboreal nest was insufficient to prevent the attack of crows, but bamboo grass cover as the undergrowth prevented them from coming down to the ground. Moreover, bamboo grass cover prevented large carnivorous mammals such as the red fox Vulpes vulpes from invading the nesting area.View full abstractDownload PDF (9198K) -
Makiko TAKENAKA, Sen TAKENAKA1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 11-17,44
Published: July 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Grey Starling Sturnus cineraceus roosts communally in Japan. In the eastern Kanto, Grey Starlings occupy large-numbered summer roosts between June and October. Although the existence of summer roosts had been reported, the distribution pattern of summer roosts over a large area was not known. We located 14 summer roosts in the eastern Kanto and analyzed their distribution pattern using the Iδ index. Our analysis revealed that they were uniformly distributed. All of the summer roosts in our study area were occupied from late June or early July to mid-October. The Grey Starling did not seem to favor a particular vegetation type to roost during summer, which was contrasting to their preference for bamboos in winter. Since several factors are involved in the occupation and abandonment of summer roosts, it is difficult to determine the very factor directly influencing them. The uniform distribution of summer roosts might be related to the life history of the Grey Starling, and might be convenient for the starlings accompanying inexperienced young to feeding grounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (6400K) -
-Effect of the responses of nervous individuals on the flight distance-Shigeru MATSUOKA1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 19-28
Published: July 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn ground foraging flocks of the Brown-eared Bulbul Hypsipetes amaurotis, I measured flight distances and radii of spread of flock in relation to flock sizes. The flight distance was defined as the minimum distance that birds will allow a predator to approach before flying away, and radius of spread of a flock as the area occupied by flock members. Both were estimated as linear function of flock size, and increased with flock size. However, the increase of radius alone could not explain the increase of flight distance related to the incrase of flock size. A model which states that flight distance of the most nervous individual decides the flight distance of the whole flock was simulated by the Monte Carlo method based on the distribution of flight distances measured for one bird. Flight distance simulated was estimated as linear function of flock size, and increased with flock size. The flight distance simulated, however, did not match with the flight distance observed. I discuss the difference from the viewpoints of the behavior of nervous individuals in the flock and suggest that these would rarely appear in the smaller flocks.View full abstractDownload PDF (9021K) -
Kayoko KAMEDA1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 29-31
Published: July 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Toshiaki HIRANO, Mutsuyuki UETA1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 32-35
Published: July 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the caching behaviour of Japanese Lesser Sparrowhawks Accipiter gularis during the breeding season in Tokyo and Utsunomiya, central Japan. Observations were made from April to July 1987-1993 in Tokyo and 1991-1993 in Utsunomiya. A total of 46 caching behaviours were observed. All of the prey items cached were small and medium-sized birds, especially Tree Sparrows Passer montanus (65.2%, 30 of 46). Hawks cached prey that were half eaten by females, and prey which was not taken by the female in attempted prey exchanges initiated by the male. Many caches were carried out in the incubation and early nestling periods. Hawks stored prey on gnarled, broken twigs and leaf clumps on horizontal branches 7-8m in height and within a few meter to 50m apart from the food exchange site. Some birds used a few definite sites, and others used many places within a range of 50 × 30 m as caching sites. When hawks flew to caching sites with prey, they placed the prey carefully, and push it several times with their legs and beak. At least 11 stored items were retrieved within 3-247 min. (mean ±S.D., 78.5 min. ±73.2) after caching. Although 8 stored items were stolen by Azure-winged magpies Cyanopica cyana, most cached prey may be retrieved.View full abstractDownload PDF (4015K) -
Mitsuru TADA, Tomomi ANZAI1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 35-39
Published: July 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBreeding bird communities were investigated monthly from May to July 1991, and in June 1992 and 1993, at the foot of Mt. Toyama in Oku-Nikko, northern Kanto. Two areas were studied. Both contained deciduous broad-leaved forest, one with a mixture of coniferous trees (A) and the other with a larch plantation (B). Thirty-one species were observed, 24 in area A and 21 in area B, with 14 species common to both areas. Total numbers of individuals were always greater in area A than in area B during the study period. The two most abundant species were Parus ater (14.7-17.8% in area A, 8.3-25.0% in area B) and Cettia diphone (12.6-16.7% in area A, 20.1-33.6% in area B). High density of four species of Cuculidae (9.9-12.3%) appeared in area A. Cuculus poliocephalus did not appeared in area B, though its host species, C. diphone was in high density, and Cuculus canorus appeared in both areas, though its host species, such as Lanius bucephalus and Emberiza cioides was in low density.View full abstractDownload PDF (4274K) -
Hitoshi TOJO1994 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 39-42
Published: July 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA monthly line transect and capture survey of the forest bird community in a forest in the Massif Tsukuba for five years from autumn 1988 showed that the introduced Red-billed Leiothrix had increased in number. In the first three years only one individual was captured in October 1989. However, in 1992 and 1933 this species was recorded frequently as a common species in both survey methods. The increase in the number recorded in the study site could suggest the increase in the whole population size in the Massif Tsukuba.View full abstractDownload PDF (3197K)
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