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Volume 50 (2001)
- Issue 4 Pages 167-
- Issue 3 Pages 113-
- Issue 2 Pages 53-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Predecessor
Volume 50, Issue 3
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Yasuo EZAKI2001 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 113-114
Published: August 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhy do so many specie of birds coexist in forests? Generally there will be three different answers to this question. The first answer is concerned with the diversity of vegetation structure: existence of various habitats for different species of birds. The second is concerned with primary production of forests. The high productivity of forests ensures a steady supply of resources necessary for survival and breeding of diverse bird species. The third is concerned with the complexity of biotic interactions among different species of organisms. The complex interactions consequently function to maintain the populations of diverse bird species in forests. Ecologists are required to explain the community and/or ecosystem process by organizing these three viewpoints: habitat, productivity and biotic interactions. The following three papers are contributions from speakers at a symposium held at the 2000 Annual Meeting of Ornithological Society of Japan. They review ecology of birds in forests or of forests with birds, sharing the viewpoints.View full abstractDownload PDF (1587K) -
Masashi MURAKAMI2001 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 115-124
Published: August 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRiparian forests are often identified as prime habitat for wildlife including birds. Several factors have been proposed to explain the value of riparian forests. Among those factors suggested are: the diversity of the vegetation structure; the greater productivity of riparian sites related to nutrient inputs from upland sites; the biological interaction provided by the presence of riparian ecotones; the horizontal diversity of water, riparian and upland ecosystems creating an interspersion of different elements of the landscape; and the allochthonous inputs of aquatic production. These factors are reviewed and the importance of the linkages among multiple ecosystems are considered in order to enhance understanding of the population and community dynamics of forest birds.View full abstractDownload PDF (10045K) -
Teruaki HINO2001 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 125-144
Published: August 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI reviewed the studies on indirect effects and interaction networks among birds and other organisms in forests. Birds facilitated the growth and survival of plants through predation on herbivore insects, while plants changed the avian foraging behaviour through defense against herbivore insects. Predatory arthropods such as ants also changed these tritrophic interactions. Whether birds preferred the fruits infested by insects or bacteria influenced the seed dispersal by birds. Long-term studies on population dynamics showed that the density of birds changed through the interaction between carnivorous mammals and the organisms, which did not interact with birds directly. The biotic interactions could be influenced through environmental changes that had been produced or modified by organisms including birds.View full abstractDownload PDF (950K) -
Masanobu HOTTA, Yasuo EZAKI2001 Volume 50 Issue 3 Pages 145-157
Published: August 31, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: September 28, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe review intra- and interspecific relationships among cavity-nesting birds using natural cavities. Nest boxes have been widely used on studies of cavitynesting birds, because they have several advantages. They are, for example, easily checked, making it possible to readily check the nest contents and hence to measure breeding success. It is also possible to conduct various kinds of experiments by manipulating the number and contents of nest boxes. The use of nest-boxes, however, also has several disadvantages. For example, the breeding density of cavitynesting birds increases as a result of the introduction of nest-boxes, and the species composition differs greatly from that under natural conditions. A number of studies have now been carried out without using nest-boxes since the study of van Balen et al. (1982). Thus, outlines of availability of natural cavities, their occupation rates, their frequency of reuse, and the importance of competition and predation on nest-site selection among cavity-nesting birds are discussed. Finally, the concept of"nest webs" by Martin & Eadie (1999), a new approach to the management and conservation of cavity-nesting birds is introduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (644K)
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