北海道東部,特に網走地方は荒涼たる厳寒の地であるかのように考えられているが案に相違して温暖である。当地方の冬の鳥類に関する報告は10年前の KEITH と吉井(1962)のものしかない。両人は網走地方で,1958年12月16,17の両日観察を行なっている。
今回の報告は網走地方小清水町に定住し,観察に地の利を得ている竹田津のほか Walther THIEDE&Ulrike THIEDE は1968年12月18日～'69年1月5日と,1971年12月25日～'72年1月8日まで,Walther THIEDE 1人では1971年2月12～15日までの都合38日間の観察結果をまとめたものである。
冬期間中に観察できた種の鳥類の大部分は当地方への普通の冬鳥であったが,中には迷鳥的存在のものも多少あった。
当研究でも線センサス法を採用して定量的に把握するよう努めたが,十分満足する結果とは思っていない。今後この辺に重点を置いた調査を進めたい。

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Ten islands showed in Fig. 1 were visited in turn during May to June throughout 1970 to 1972, and the distribution and habitat of the land and freshwater birds in the breeding season were surveyed. To confirm and supplement the data acquired, further surveys were carried out almost simultaneously in May 2025 and in June 1015 1973 by six associates and myself.
In this paper only facts on distribution and habitat were mentioned, and the interpretations for them were postponed untill the time when the other aspects of the birds in the Islands were mentioned. The distribution of each species thought to be breeder was summarized in Table 1. Parts of results of the road side counts in June 1973 were showed as Appendix.

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The observation of Phylloscopus ijimae in the sothern part of the Izu Peninsula in Aug.-Sep., 1972 and in Apr., 1973 was mentioned. The observed birds seemed to be on migration for and from the Izu Islands. Also, a few cases of the wintering in Miyake and Hachijoh of the same species were reported.

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インドでは,孔雀は神聖な鳥として扱われ,国鳥となっているが,同時に個体数が多いので農作物に対する害鳥となっている。従って大農場のある村落では,個体数も密度も最大である。しかし大庭園では,餌の関係から一般に考えられているほど個体数は多くない。
一方餌の少ない谷間や不毛の村落,天敵動物の多い地域では,その個体数は著しく少ない。また人間が被らの個体数の増減に大きな影響を及ぼしている。このほか植生,天敵動物,気象なども個体群に重大な影響を及ぼしている。
性比は一般に雌のほうがすこし高いが,上述の不毛の地ではその逆の現象が見られる。
このように孔雀はインドでは人間生活と密接な関係を持っているが,その個体群の動態に関する研究は殆どなかった。ここではその生態と個体群の動態に関して述べたい。

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The nightjar, Caprimulgus indicus, was found incubating eggs at the young plantation of Abies sachalinensis at Toma-cho, Kamikawa Province on 15 June, 1971 and at the cut-over area dominated by Sasa paniculata at Bibai, Sorachi Province on 22 June, 1971. The clutch size was 1 and 2, respectively. In the latter case young hatched on 8 July and their development was recorded till 22 July, 15 days after hatching. Thereafter they disappeared from the nesting site. It is said that adults feigen get hurt or threaten by their queer posture when predators approach them. During the present study, however, these behaviors were rarely observed.

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The Kentish Plovers living on the sands come flying and feed at the river shallows and the pond swamps within four km., all the year round. Especially, it is well known that they come to fly and form territories in the breeding season.
Each shallow in case of ebb tiding of the river, is occupied by one couple of the Kentish Plovers. But, when the river sinks to midium or great ebb tide, the Kentish Plover pairs leave each territory and flock together at a central shallow. When there is enough food, they remain together and take group action. In the other case, the Kentish Plovers return to separate territories.
The time, when the Kentish Plover pair comes flying to the river shallow, in 3060 minutes after the shallow appears at the ebb tide. They are very punctual. But when they are not hungry, they come always at the same time, although the time of the ebb changes.
It seems that the Kentish Plovers know the time of ebb tide by looking at the sea shore line.

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Observations were made on birds at Bibai, situated in the northern part of Ishikari Plain, central Hokkaido, from April 1966 to November 1973. Bibai occupies an area of 275 km². The western half is occupied largely by cultivated fields, greater part of which is rice paddies and the eastern half is hills covered with deciduous trees. There are residental portions along the artery street runing from north to south. Mean temperature showed 6.8°C, varying from -8.0°C in January to 21.9°C in August. There was snow cover which attained a depth of 1 m from late December to early March.
A total of 105 species of birds were recorded during the study. In the present study, the birds fell into resident, summer visitor, winter visitor or transient according to seasons that they occur in Hokkaido. Summer visitors and residents included 57 and 30 species, respectively. The remaining was winter visitors, transient, or rare species. They were recorded from Ishikari Plain by previous workers except for Cygnus olor which is considered to be a fugitive from a park. By the present study it was appear that Motacilla alba, Turdus naumanni and Sturnus cineraceus wintered in small numbers in Bibai. In addition, a indirect evidence showing the breeding of Zesterops palpebrosa was obtained.
The number of species increased with summer visitors arriving at from April to June and decreased from October to March of next year. Therefore the winter avifauna was characterized by rather small number of species as compared with that of central Honshu.
The study area includes deciduous forests, cultivated fields, bogs, swamps, riserviors and residental portions as habitats of birds. Consequently the avifauna of Bibai consists of forest and grassland birds, waterfowl and birds occurring at residental portions. Of forest birds, however, species preferring coniferous forest occured only in winter. Locustella ochotensis, which occures ordinaly in grassland of northern and eastern Hokkaido, was not recorded from Bibai.

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Additon No. II of the present article contains some newly recorded localities of the Japanese Anserine Birds, mostly known from the years between 1972 and 1973. It includes only one new addition of the Cotton Teal (Nettapus coromandelianus) from Iriomote Island of the Ryukyu Islands.

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The following eleven species and subspecies of parrots should be added to the list of live birds imported into Japan.

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In recent years, we have some interesting cage birds imported into Japan which are listed in Japanese, Latin and English names with notes as follows. Exclude the members of Psittacidae.

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最近日本各地の海岸に海鳥類の死体が多数打ち上げられ,話題を投げかけているが,これらのうちタンカーの遭難による油汚染など因果関係が明確なものは別として,多くのものは農薬,PCB,疾病などに基因しているのではないかといわれながらも決め手となる証拠がつかめなかった。
折しも1972年4月15日,宮城県蒲生海岸に打ち上げられた約60羽のビロードキンクロ,クロガモの死体のうち2羽のビロードキンクロ(雌雄各1羽)が死因究明のため武石全慈¹⁾,蓮尾嘉彪²⁾の両氏によって届けられた。
剖検の検果次の7点から推察して,海中で採餌中魚網にひっかかり溺死したものと結論づけられた。
1)肉づきも良く,健康体と考えられる,2)外傷がない,3)羽毛に油汚染の跡がない,4)後頭部と首の皮下に著しいうっ血が見られる,5)各肺細胞に血液が充満している,これは酸素欠乏時にみられる徴候である,6)口腔,食道,砂のうに至るまで食物(ラフバンマメガニ)が充満している,7)死因と直接結びつくような寄生虫,疾病などは肉眼的には認められなかった。
今後沿岸漁業との関係において,潜海性海鳥類の溺死は大きな問題となろう。
なお,ラフバンマメガニの同定の労をとられた東邦大学理学部生物学科の秋山章男助教授に謝意を表する。

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Since 1962 more than 1, 000 feeble Streaked Shearwaters, Calonectris leucomelas fell down in and around the Kinki district. The shearwaters breed on the Kanmuri-jima Island about 30 km off Maizuru City.
Most birds were captured in the beginning of November when they left from the island.
The heaviest one was 600 g in body weight and the lightest one was 230g. Allmost of all birds were young with juvenile plumage.
945 birds out of 985 were released to the Japan Sea.

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A Whistling Swan was sighted at the Lake Izu in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, on January 21, 1973. She has the black bill and the tiny yellow patch just in front of the eye that is typical of the Whistling Swan of North America.
She lived among the flock of about 300 Jankowski's Swans and stayed there until Feb. 25, 1973.During her stay in the freezing season at the Lake Izu, she, with the other swans mixed together, was used to feed on the daily feeding of unriped-and unhulled rice ("Shi-i-na" in Japanese) scattered by a old farmer in the neighbourhood.
On her left breast she has a shred-like substance which details can not be confirmed, for instance, whether a knot of vinyl string or a feather vegetation of morbid origin, in consequence of merely observing from the good distance.A swan with black bill was sighted at the Lake Inawashiro in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, in 1968, so the Whistling Swan presented here is a second example of a swan with black bill appeared in Japan.

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Formerly O. L. AUSTIN Jr, reported (1949) a colony of some two hundred Brown Boobies on Inanba-Jima, Izu Is.
Unfortunately this rocky islet had been used by the U.S. Air Force for excercises. In 1955, Dr. YAMASHINA and KURODA observed only few individuals.
The author observed 35 adult Brown Boobies on Inanba-Jima in August 1973 but can't be seen young bird or chick. Boobies may be increasing its number because the excercises finished in 1972.

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