Various neoplasms were reported to have occurred in many organs of experimental animals treated with N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU) administered in drinking water, by gastric intubation or injected intraveously or intraportally. In the oral field, many investigators have reported that NMU induced odontogenic tumors or carcinomas of the oral cavity by such means. The authors tried to induce maxillofacial tumors in rats by injecting NMU intraarterially because this agent was known to have a topical carcinogenic activity and a considerably high incidence of tumor was found even with a single dose of NMU.
70mg/ kg of NMU as 2.5% physiological saline solution was singly injected into the left common carotid artery of 14 Sprague-Dawley rats (male 7, female 7) in the intraarterial injection (IA) group. While in the intravenous injection (IV) group, the same dose of NMU was injected into the left jugular vein of 8 rats (male 5, female 3).
After 8 months, an ameloblastic odontoma in the left mandible occurred in a female rat of IA group, while another one female rat in IA group developed a sarcoma in the left cheek about 9 months after treatment. Five female rats, 3 in IA group and 2 in IV group, developed mammary adenocarcinomas. Three male rats in IA group died in the early stage, however, the remaining male rats in both groups never showed any signs of neoplastic change.
These results mentioned above suggest the possibility that the administration of some carcinogenic agent by i. a. route may provide an experimental model intending to examine the tumorigenesis in various target organs, especially those located in the deep regions. However, a further study will be required in order to make this model more reliable.

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For the clinical application of CPZ in oral field, the pharmacokinetic analysis was performed as for the concentration in the oral tissue and the following results were obtained:
1) CPZ with a dose of 1g was administered to 45 patients by one shot intravenous injection. The serum CPZ concentration was 88.5mg/ml 30 min and 67.5mg/ml 60 min after injection. The half life of CPZ in serum was thus estimated to be 77.3 min.
2) The concentrations of CPZ in the gum and cyst wall ranged from 30 to 35% of the serum level at highest.
3) The peak concentration in bone was about 8.19% of the serum value, which was relatively lower than those in the gum and cyst wall.
4) The concentraton in the oral tissue well corresponded to the serum concentration with the half-life of about 80 min.
5) The concentration in the oral tissue was compared to MIC₈₀ value of CPZ against main isolated germs from the oral region. Such concentrations as exceeding MIC₈₀ value in the gum and cyst wall seem to last more than 6 hours and the concentrations in bone may last about 3 hours after one shot i. v. injection of 1g CPZ.

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Distribution of cefotaxime was examined in oral tissue of mice by agar well method.
After abdominal administration of cefotaxime 200μg/g in mice, the tissue concentration reached a peak in 5 minutes. The tissue in order of concentration were the serum, palatal tissue, mouth floor, submandibular gland, tongue, femur and mandibular bone.

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Epinephrine, nicotic acid, vasopressin and other drugs affecting vascular motility are known to increase factor VIII plasma levels in human. Especially 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, is hemostatically effective in patients with mild hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease. The effect of DDAVP on the oral bleeding management of these patients is under ivestigation in our clinic.
Lidocaine cartridge (2% lidocaine 1.8ml) which is used for local anesthesia on tooth extraction contains 22.5μg of epinephrine. The purpose of this study was to see if the factor VIII can be responsed to epinephrine contained in the lidocaine cartridge.
Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), factor VIII coagulability (F VIII: C) and factor VIII related antigen (F VIII R: Ag) were measured immediately before and 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after submucosal injection of 1.8ml lidocaine (22.5μg epinephrine) in 10 normal individuals and 3.6ml (45.0μg) in 5. Moreover, 4 patients with hemophilia A and 1 patient with von Willebrand's disease were observed prior to and 30 minutes after the injection of 1.8ml lidocaine (22.5μg epinephrine).
PT, APTT, FVIII: C and F VIII R: Ag showed no significant changes statistically 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours after stimulation of epinephrine in normal subjects. In hemophiliacs and one von Willebrand's patient similar results were found.
It is suggested that the effect of epinephrine contained in the local anesthesic can be omitted in the study of DDAVP on the management of postextraction bleeding in patients with hemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease.

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Various anticancer agents, immunotherapeutic agents and calcium antagonists were administered singly or jointly to nude mice bearing HMG tumor which was induced by transplanting the HMG cell that derived from gingival malignant melanoma and the effects were examined macroscopically and histologically. In addition, the body weight ratio, survival rate and hematology were examined to check side effects.
DTIC, a drug of the first choice in the clinical treatment for malignant melanoma, showed no effect in this study, while PEP, CDDP, MPL, VCR, and TA-077 as a single anticancer agent revealed a retardated effect on the tumor proliferation. The effect was more reinforced when combined two or three drugs among them.
A tumor regressing effect was obtained with PSK+ACNU, PSK+TA-077, Lentinan+TA-077 and Bestatin+TA-077 combinations, while a retardated effect on the tumor proliferation was observed with PSK+CDDP and PSK+MPL. Furthermore, a most favorable effect was obtained following the combined therapy with PSK+TA-077, showing Grade III complete regression in 3 out of 6 mice histologically.
On the 30th day after the single dose of CRD, the proliferation of tumor cells was stimulated. A tumor retardated effect was obtained in the early stage (12th day) after the combined therapy of MPL with TA-077, however, no difference was demonstrated later on (30th day).
In experimental animals which had showed a retardated effect on the tumor proliferation with B. C. L. P., a statistically significant difference was observed. Histologically, more than Grade IIa regression could be detected following the administration of CDDP (i. v.), CDDP (i. m.), MPL+ CDDP, MPL+DTIC, MPL+TA-077, PSK+CDDP, PSK+ACNU, PSK+TA-077, Lentinan+TA-077, Bestatin+TA-077, MPL+VCR+TA-077 and DTIC+VCR+TA-077.
According to the results of body weight ratio, 90 days survival rate and hematological determinations, it seemed resonable to define the toxic dose as a dose providing a reduction in body weight of 20% or more and the sub-toxic dose of 10% or more.

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In order to elucidate the reality of abnormal sound caused by oral diseasesand of velar consonants in normal subjects, a dynamic velography (a dynamic palatography for soft palate) was developed by applying a palatography for hard palate in our department.
The artificial soft palate device developed in our laboratory consists of a soft palate with gold electrodes which are arranged at a fixed interval (at 5mm) on a thin latex sheet (about 40μ) and an acrylic resin hard palate playing a role as a supporting apparatus. The arrangement of electrodes is 7 rows in the right and left directions and at 5.0mm intervals from the rear edge of the hard palate in the anterior and inferior directions, making a fan-shape with narrowed sides. The total number of electrode used in the whole soft palate was 36.
For maintaining the artificial soft palate device within oral cavity, it was directly adhered to the mucous membrane using PANA (Sodium polyacrylate) while the hard palate was fixed to crosspin teeth.
Superior stability and reproducibility with less feeling of foreign body were demonstrated, clearly showing a possibility of practical use of dynamic observation on the lingual-soft palate contact.

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Four cases of foreign bodies which were a tooth root, an artificial ceramics implant root, a guttapercha point, and a piece of bamboo, in the maxillary sinus have been presented. At the same time we summerized the reports of 77 cases occurring from August 1973 to July 1983 and following findings were obtained;
1. The ratio of male to female was almost equal 1.1 to 1 on all 77 cases.
2. The ratio of male to female in the 17 cases of traumatic foreign body was 2.2 to 1, while 60 cases of medical foreign body was 0.8 to 1.
3. The most iatrogenic cause (81.7%) was tooth or tooth root.
4. The cases of a foreign body in the maxillary sinus for a few weeks or months generally required radical operations.
5. The foreign body being a ceramic implant in the sinus was the first case in Japan.

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Double head of the temporomandibular condyle was reported as a rare anomaly or configuration. This anomaly has considered as a result of one of the following; congenital malformation, adaptive remodelling change after fracture and degenerative change. The degree in division of double heads varied from fully hourglass in shape to groove, depression and minute pit formation. As reported, this deformity did not have a role in the disturbance of the mandibular function with the exception of few cases followed by condylar fracture luxation.
This abnomality is only visible on radiographs as a roentgen oddity in living persons, and may not be predisposing factor for dysfunctional symptoms in most cases. The followings are present the observations of one typical case and two cases of minor change. Including a review of literature, the author discussed the relation between this condylar deformity and clinical features with etilogical consideration.

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Although chemotherapy has made remarkable progress in the treatment of the infections in the oral and maxillo-facial region, some cases of difficult treatment are occasionally encountered.
Recently, a male patient aged 36 with osteomyelitis of the mandible was given surgical therapy and antibiotics in large quanty. Bacteriologic examinations showed that pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas cepacia to be the cause. The patient was successfully treated with sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.
These organisms are encapsulated in glucose-non-fermentative gram-negative rods. The infections caused by these organisms have been increasing clinically. The treatment of osteomyelitis caused by these organisms may be more difficult because of the toxicity and side effects of the antibiotics that must be employed.
Because of the rarity of reported cases of glucose-non-fermentative gram-negative rods infections of the mandible, it seems to be appropriate to report our experience.

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We experienced a rare case of dermoid cyst (type of teratoid cyst) observed in the sublingual region of the floor of the mouth in a female neonate.
In the cyst wall, hair folliculi, sebaceous gland, sweat gland, mixed glands, cartilaginous tissue, adipose tissue, skeletal muscular tissue, blood vessel and cylindrical epithelium were noted.
The upper layer of the cyst was opaque white mucous liquid and the lower layer was smooth yellow-white gel like material resembling Japanese tofu. Therefore, it consisted of a liquid element and a solid element in part.

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Clinical study on Piroxicam (Feldene), anti-inflamatory analgesic, for temporomandibular joint pain.
Clinical studies on Piroxicam (Feldene) for the treatment of temporomandibular joint pain were carried out. Piroxicam, 20mg one time a day, was administrated to 70 patients.
The following results were obtained. The clinical effects judged by our standard table were 20 excellent cases, 28 good 15 fair and 7 poor cases. The effective rate was 68.6%. The clinical usefullness judged subjectively were very useful in 13 cases, useful in 42 uncertain in 14 and useless in 1 case. The clinical useful rate was 78.6%.
Side effects were observed in 12.9%. Laboratory examinations showed no change in any cases. The results indicated the usefullness of Piroxicam for treatment of temporomandibular join pain.

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