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Volume 10, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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TOMITARO KITA, HIRO-O KAMIYA, MOTOKO KIMURA1961 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 93-100
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
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SUMIKO NAKAO1961 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 101-108
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been known since the early works on the respiratory systems of animal tissues (1-5), that cytochrome oxidase operates as the terminal system of respiratory chain and the oxidative activity is completely inhibited by cyanide as well as by azide. Stotz et al. (6) and Smith (7) reported that ascorbic acid is oxidized by cytochrome oxidase system in animal tissues.
In the course of the studies on the tissue respiration of rat intestine, it was found that respiration of small intestinal homogenate of rats without substrates was not inhibited by cyanide, and when ascorbic acid or cytochrome c and ascorbic acid were added as substrates, the respiration increased by 20 to 40 per cent in the presence of cyanide (8). This accelerating effect of cyanide on the respiration did not take place in other tissues of rats and various tissues of guinea pigs. Therefore, it can be said that this may be characteristic of rat small intestine. The purpose of the present work is to clarify the cause of this phenomenon.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
HIDENOBU WAKAMATSU1961 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 109-118
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that most of the compounds of quaternary ammonium such as choline and its derivatives, muscarine, methylene blue, oxazine-, phenazine-, acridine derivatives inhibit cholinesterases (ChE). Physiologically, ChE hydrolyzes acetylcholine which is a neurohumoral transmitter in the body and produces acetic acid and choline which are inactive substances pharmacologically. Chemically, the reaction velocity decreases during the course of hydrolysis of ACh more than expected for the first order reaction.
The inhibiting action of choline on the enzymic hydrolysis of ACh by blood serum has been first demonstrated by Roepke (1). Later Süllmann (2) stated that choline inhibited the hydrolysis of tributyrine by blood serum, but not that by red blood cells. Recently Augustingsson (3) mentioned that this falling-off of the reaction constants is due in part to the inhibiting action of choline produced during the reaction. Moreover, the competitive inhibition of choline on ChE was true in some definite cases, demonstrated in experiments with varying choline concentrations as well as varying substrate concentrations. In most cases, this inhibition was competitive, but in some cases such as tributyrine hydrolysis by the enzymes of horse plasma and of helix blood was non-competitive. Finally, he concluded that the competitive inhibition of hydrolysis of ACh by choline was caused by a shift of the optimum substrate concentration to higher concentration.
During the course of the study on the activation of ChE by chemical compounds in our department (4, 5) I have found that choline activates ChE in some cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
PART 14. ANTICANCER EXPERIMENT WITH STREPTOCOCCUS HEMOLYTICUS IN IMMUNIZED ANIMALSSUSUMU SHOIN1961 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 119-125
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was demonstrated by Koshimura et al. in 1955 that Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells, in phosphate-buffered Ringer's solution, kept for a short time at 37°C in contact with well washed living virulent hemolytic streptococci (Sv) no longer possessed of the power of invading mice (1). In their experiment, the mice were treated with penicillin, so that the animal survived the infection.
Soon after, it was also observed that a significant quantity of streptolysin-S was produced in the medium of this kind of experiment (2)—an observation suggesting occurrence of interaction between living hemolytic streptococcus and ribonucleic acid contained in carcinoma cells (3).
Any way, this is the beginning of the anticancer experiments now being developed in our laboratories (3).
The principal results obtained up to the present are as follows :
1) In contrast with living hemolytic streptococci, heat-killed cocci were ineffective to suppress the invasion power of the tumor cells (1).
2) The anticancer activity appears to be specific for β-hemolytic streptococci, and seems to be not shared by other gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (6).
3) Supernatant of culture fluid of hemolytic streptococcus, purified streptolysin-S sample, desoxyribonuclease, varidase [DNase+streptokinase (or fibrinolysin)], pancreatic ribonuclease, hyaluronidase, all were also tested to be entirely ineffective in this respect (3, 7).
4) A nearly avirulent-mutant strain of hemolytic streptococci was as effective as its virulent-mother strain (Sv) in depriving the invasion power of carcinoma cells to mice (8).
5) Intratumoral injection of living hemolytic streptococci caused destruction of solid tumor of Ehrlich carcinoma cells in mice (9).
6) Yoshida sarcoma, Sarcoma 180 and leukemia SN 36 cells were also affected by hemolytic streptococci (10).
7) Cell-free extract, prepared under strictly controlled conditions from hemolytic streptococci, was effective in causing the loss of invasion power of Ehrlich carcinoma cell (as well as in synthetizing streptolysin-S in the simple medium containing yeast ribonucleate) (11).
Moreover, it should here be added following two experimental results:
a) Jordan and his associates have recently made an observation that infection with group A hemolytic streptococci was effective in causing massive degeneration and necrosis of leukemic tumor in mice (12).
b) Christensen and Kjems have reported that both living hemolytic streptococci and the phage-lysate of the cocci were inhibitory against Brown-Pearce carcinoma in rabbits (13).
The purpose of the present work was to obtain some lights on the question whether or not the anticancer effect of hemolytic streptococci could be expected in immunized animals to the cocci.View full abstractDownload PDF (249K) -
KIRO SHIMAMOTO, HIROMICHI TORII1961 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 126-136
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sedative and hypotensive effects of reserpine on experimental animals have been affirmed by many authors (1-3). Though the mechanism of action of reserpine to induce those effects was not fully elucidated, some experimental evidence revealed that the hypotensive effect of reserpine was derived from a central mechanism. It has already been shown that the pressor responses of the cat and dog to bilateral carotid occulsion or to stimulation of central end of the cut cervical vagus nerve are depressed by the intravenous injection of reserpine (1, 2). Bhargava and Borison (4) also showed that the pressor response to stimulation of the medulla oblongata was depressed by reserpine. Harrison and Goth (5) were the first to conclude that reserpine depressed the pressor response to stimulation of the hypothalamus. On the other hand, Anand et al. (6) and Schneider (7) could not show the depressing effect of reserpine on the hypothalamus, and it was supposed that the inconsistent results concerning the effects of reserpine on the pressor response to stimulation of the central nervous system were ascribable partially to the slow onset of the reserpine action. In their experiments, the effects of reserpine were obtained only 5 to 6 hours after the injection.
It has also been shown by many authors (8-12) that the administration of reserpine releases catecholamines or serotonin from tissues, and consequently induces depletion of the amines. From the results that the injected reserpine disappeared from the circulating blood and tissues before the full development of its sedative and hypotensive effect (13, 14), the selective pharmacological action of reserpine was considered to be in some relation with the depletion of the naturally occurring amines from tissues.
In the present experiments, the effects of reserpine on the pressor response to stimulation of the thalamic and hypothalamic nuclei were studied. Some of the results obtained have already been reported by Torii (15, 16), one of the authors.
Brodie et al. (17) and Chessin et al. (18) showed that the previous injection of iproniazid, a potent in vitro monoamine oxidase inhibitor, modified the characteristic sedation by reserpine to a marked motor excitation in rats and rabbits. The present authors have already confirmed that the intraperitoneal injection of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg of reserpine often induced a motor excitement and occasionally even a convulsion in mice. In the present report, the effects of reserpine on the behavior of the rabbit pretreated with iproniazid were also studied. Furthermore, the effects of the indirect sympathomimetic drugs — such as cocaine, amphetamine and ephedrine, which are generally considered to have some inhibitory effect on monoamine oxidase activity — on the sedative and hypotensive action of reserpine were also tested.View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
SHUJI TAKAORI, REIZO INOKI, NOBORU TODA, SHUNJI TACHI1961 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 137-146
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have already reported on the action of drugs such as acetylcholine, epinephrine, reserpine, cardiac glycosides, antiarrhythmic agents, veratrine and chelating agents on the intracellular action potentials recorded from the ventricular muscle, sinoatrial node and the non-pacemaker atrial fibers of the isolated rabbit heart using the ultramicroelectrode method (1-3).
The present experiments were undertaken to determine the influences of anticholinesterases on the membrane potentials of the isolated rabbit atrial muscle exhibiting spontaneous beating. Observations on the antagonisms between the action of anticholinesterases and of cholinesterase reactivators on the membrane potentials were also designed.View full abstractDownload PDF (408K) -
REIJI IMAIZUMI, HIROSHI YOSHIDA1961 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 147-156
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere have been many reports on the adrenaline receptor by many workers such as Dale (1), Ahlquist (2), Lands (3), Furchgott (4), and Ellis (5). In these reports various kinds of adrenaline receptors have been distinguished and given different names. However, such classification have been made only on the basis of differences in the response of the various organs to sympathomimetic and syrnpatholytic drugs with different chemical structures. Little is known about the nature of the receptor itself.
A series of papers on the acetylcholine receptor by Nachmansohn's group (6, 7) and the papers by Woolley (8, 9) on the serotonin receptor are of interest in connection with the nature of the receptor itself.
In this paper, the peculiar effect of ferrous ion on the vasoconstrictive action of adrenaline and on the binding of adrenaline with protein are described, and it is suggested that the adrenaline receptor may be a ferrous protein complex.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
—FROM OUR LABORATORY—SHUNJI KOZAWA1961 Volume 10 Issue 2 Pages 157-194
Published: 1961
Released on J-STAGE: February 09, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1923K)
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