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Volume 16 (1966)
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Volume 16, Issue 1
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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DEPLETION OF CATECHOLAMINE BY RESERPINE IN THE INNERVATED AND DENERVATED SUBMAXILLARY GLANDS OF RATSTAKASHI HONJO1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSShimamoto et al. (1-3) in this laboratory have shown that the sympathetic stimulation of the submaxillary gland in dog, though produces a transiently mucinous secretion per se, depresses the profuse watery secretion caused by stimulation of the chorda tympani or intravenous injection of pilocarpine. The submaxillary gland contains a relatively large amount of noradrenaline (4). Yamawaki (5) has shown that the profuse, spontaneous flow of the submaxillary saliva begins to manifest in association with sedation caused by reserpine in an unanesthetized dog, and is abolished by sectioning of the chorda tympani. However, the spontaneous flow of saliva turns to a decrease at the time when the endogenous catecholamines in the brain, heart and adrenal glands are maximally depleted (6). Accordingly, it is obscure whether the spontaneous flow of saliva caused by reserpine is conditioned by the amine depletion in the brain or submaxillary gland.
The catecholamine depleting effect of reserpine on the adrenal medulla in the rat is reported to be significantly reduced by the splanchnic denervation (7). In the current experiments the catecholamine depleting effect of reserpine on the innervated and acutely or chronically denervated submaxillary glands in rats was comparatively studied in an attempt to confirm the mode of sympathetic innervation on the reserpine effect. In addition, the changes in the level of the brain noradrenaline caused by reserpine in the intact rats and rats subjected previously to the resection of the superior cervical ganglion were studied in order to know what extent the brain noradrenaline was maintained by the sympathetic nerve originating from the ganglion.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
HIRONORI NAKANISHI, TADAO OKEGAWA, KIRO SHIMAMOTO1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 10-24
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pharmacological effects of l-xylopinine, 2, 3, 10, Il-tetramethoxy-5, 6-13, 13a-tetrahydro-8-dibenzo(a-g)quinolizine citrate in a variety of experimental animals have been reported by Nakanishi (1, 2) and Yamamoto (3). The l-isomer produced a sedation with a concomitant manifestation of the resting waves in spontaneous EEG, depression on the reticular activating, specific and non-specific thalamocortical and hypothalamic activating systems and a gradually developing hypotension. All these effects derive presumedly from the peripheral and central adrenolytic mechanisms. Despite of the similarity in chemical configuration with tetrabenazine, the compound was shown to produce no significant depletion of the tissue noradrenaline in rabbit (4). The current study deals with the comparison of the pharmacological effect of l-, dl-, and d-isomers of xylopinine hydrochloride.View full abstractDownload PDF (627K) -
MAMORU SUZUKI, HIROSUKE ARAI1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 25-31
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral investigators have used the extravasal leakage of the circulating dye as an indicator of the change in capillary permeability by measuring, for example, the mean diameter of the blueing (1-3), the visual grading of the blueing (4, 5) or size and intensity of the staining (6-12). Studying the effects of organic solvents on the capillary permeability, one of the present authors has indicated the need for the more exact and quantitative evaluation of the leaked dye (7) and attemped further the extraction of the tissue dye by butanol (13). The quantitative extraction of the dye has been developed by Beach and Steinetz (14), Judah and Willoughby (15) and Nitta et al. (16). However, the procedures except that introduced by Beach and Steinetz, were relatively complicated for use as a routine bioassay in the laboratory. The present report is a device to obtain the more simple method available in the laboratory by modifying the previous method.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
TAKASHI BAN, CHIKAYOSHI NAGATA1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 32-38
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe inhibition of cholinesterase by some of carbamates has attracted the attention of many researchers in relation to the clinical usefulness (1) and insecticidal activity (2, 3) of the compounds.
In this paper the author's chief concern is mainly devoted to investigating the relationship between the electronic structure of several structurally related carbamate type cholinesterase inhibitors and the inhibitory potency of these compounds against true (acetyl) cholinesterase, on the basis of the experiments of Kolbezen et al. (2), Myers et al. (4) and Wilson et al. (5) and to trying to analyse the inhibitory mechanism of them by this means.View full abstractDownload PDF (306K) -
PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON THE TWITCH POTENTIATION OF O, S-DICARBETHOXYTHIAMINE (DCET)MOTOHIKO UEDA1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 39-52
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSO, S-Dicarbethoxythiamine (DCET) is one of the S-CAT's, which were synthesized by Takamizawa et al. (1) and found to be well absorbed through the intestinal tract in man as well as in experimental animals by Minesita et al. (2) at this Research Laboratory. It was confirmed that the toxic death by thiamine hydrochloride resulted from respiratory arrest following the blocking action in neuro-muscular transmission, while that by DCET resulted from cardiac arrest (3). Determination of DCET concentration in the blood, showed that these effects were not due to the thiamine converted from DCET but due to the DCET itself in the blood.
Both in the sciatic gastrocnemius preparation of cats and in the isolated toad sartorius muscle, thiamine blocked the neuro-muscular transmission as reported by other workers (3-7). While DCET potentiated the twitch tension of the sciatic gastrocnemius preparation of cats in situ. In the isolated toad sartorius muscle, however, it was recognized that the twitches by indirect stimulation were inhibited but the twitches by direct stimulation were much facilitated by the administration of DCET (3). So it is presumed that DCET has facilitating effects on the muscle twitching though it also has a blocking action in the neuro-muscular transmission similar to thiamine. In this experiment the facilitating effects of DCET on the striated muscle were reaffirmed and some of these facilitating mechanisms clarified.
DCET potentiates the twitch tension of striated muscle by facilitating the excitationcontraction coupling process in the muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (587K) -
MOTOHIKO UEDA1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 53-62
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was presumed in the previous report (1) that DCET potentiates the twitch tension and the incomplete tetanus of striated muscle by facilitating effects in the excitationcontraction coupling process. The effects of DCET on the striated muscle are similar to those of quinidine (2, 3), i.e., (i) d-tubocurarine-like blocking at neuro-muscular junction, (ii) stabilizing effects on the muscle membrane, (iii) potentiation of both the twitch tension and incomplete tetanus, (iv) depression of the complete tetanus tension in higher doses.
DCET also has antiveratrinic effects in the isolated diaphragm of rats and the isolated sartorius muscle of toads (1). Arora et al. (4) demonstrated that antiveratrinic responses are the common properties of many antiarrhythmic agents, including quinine analogues, ataxic agents, and antihistaminics.
So it is well anticipated that DCET has quinidine-like antiarrhythmic properties in the cardiac muscle. In this experiment the antiarrhythmic activities of DCET are tested and compared with those of quinidine, and some mechanisms of these antiarrhythmic activities of DCET are clarified in the isolated atrium of guinea-pigs and rabbits.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
SHUJI TAKAORI, KENZABURO TANABE, KIRO SHIMAMOTO1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 63-73
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the incidence of congenital malformations caused by thalidomide in humans, a number of teratogenic studies on the compound has been reported in a variety of experimental animals. However, great variation in the susceptibility has been presented in different species and strains. Basil et al. (1) and Faigle et al. (2) have shown that the metabolite of thalidomide responsible for the teratogenicity is probably its hydrolytic product of the peptide bonds present in the molecule and that the metabolite interferes with incorporation of glutamine or glutamic acid into the cell constituents. There are some other possible mechanisms of thalidomide for the teratogenicity (3). For instance, it has been reported that hydroxyurea reduces the rate of incorporation of thymidine into Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and inhibits the cell division through interference with DNA metabolism (4).
Ethylurethan has been used in the treatment of neoplastic disease probably due to inhibition of nucleoprotein synthesis (5). However, the exact mechanism of the cytotoxic action of ethylurethan remains to be settled. Its chemical structure is partially related to that of teratogens such as thalidomide, azaserine (6) and DON (6-diazo-5-oxoL-norleucine) (7). The congenital malformations in mouse embryos induced by ethylurethan have been described by Sinclair (8), Kanamori (9) and Nishimura and Kuginuki (10). Hall (11) has demonstrated the developmental anomalies in the eye of the rat caused by ethylurethan. The preventing effects of thyroxine and vitamins on the teratogenicity of ethylurethan have been reported in mice (12). The species difference in the teratogenicity of the compound is not known exactly.
The preset experiment is the first attempt in a series of studies on the tetratogenic mechanism of carbamate derivatives, and deals with the tetratogenic effects of ethylurethan on the rat embryos.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
KOTOBUKI HANO, HEITAROH IWATA, NOBUYOSHI IWATA, HIROSHIGE HONMA1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 74-82
Published: 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the well known hypothesis proposed by Burn and Rand (1) in 1958 that tyramine exerts its sympathomimetic action through release of catecholamine (CA) from its storage sites, there have been many studies on this using various tissues in vitro and in vivo (2-6), and this hypothesis is now generally accepted.
Kottegoda (7) found that nicotine first had a negative and then a positive inotropic action on isolated rabbit atrium. This positive inotropic action was not abolished by atropine and Burn and Rand (8) reported that it was also due to the liberation of CA from storage sites. Further, they found that the vasoconstrictor action of nicotine on rabbit ear vessels was also due to the liberation of noradrenaline, since the constrictor action was prevented by injection of reserpine in animals before the experiment, or by removal of the superior cervical ganglion 2 weeks previously (9).
Moreover, it was shown that the content of adrenaline in the adrenal gland decreased following nicotine injection (10, 11).
However, Kako et al. (12) reported that the CA content in dog heart was slightly increased by the application of nicotine, and Hansson et al. (13) recognized that the CA level in the brain, the heart and the spleen of mice and guinea pigs remained unaffected or possibly slightly elevated in the heart by the injection of nicotine. In addition, other workers (14) observed that nicotine caused an increase in the contractile amplitude of atropinized embryonic chick heart, although the heart was not yet innervated.
These facts suggested that the way in which tyramine and nicotine liberate CA from storage sites may differ.
In this work, the actions of nicotine and tyramine were compared using isolated atria from normal animals and those treated with reserpine.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
EFFECTS OF ETHYL-LINOLEATE ON THE ATHEROMATOUS CHANGES CAUSED BY HIGH CHOLESTEROL DIET IN THE RABBITYOSHITSUGU OSUMI, YASUKO AMANO, TADAO OKEGAWA, KIRO SHIMAMOTO1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 83-91
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince lowering effects of essential fatty acids and vegetable oil on the blood cholesterol level were reported by Tuttle (1), Kinsell et al. (2) and Vles et al. (3), the similar studies were further extended to unsaturated fatty acids of longer chains. The lowering effects of pure linoleate and arachidonate on the elevated blood cholesterol level were presented by Kinsell et al. (2) and Kingsbury (4). However, the recent study by Beveridge and Connell (5) has shown that the large doses of margarine which contained large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids produced a slight elevation of the blood cholesterol level in humans.
The histologically atherosclerotic or atheromatous changes of the tissues in rabbits caused by feeding with the diet containing between 1 and 3% of cholesterol for about 60 days were confirmed by many investigators including the present authors (6). In the present experiments attempts were made to observe the effects of mixing of linoleic acid ethylester in the high cholesterol diet on the atheromatous changes and to compare the difference in the effects of the mixings between the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K) -
NAOHIKO TAKATAMA1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 92-97
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEs ist uns bekannt, dass charakteristische Dipeptide, Verbindungsprodukte der ω-Aminosäuren mit Histidin oder semen Methylderivaten, als die Extraktivstoffe in gewissen tierischen Geweben anzutreffen ist. Darunter wurden Carnosin (β-Alanylhistidin) and seine Methylverbindungen, Anserin (β-Alanyl-l-N-methylhistidin) and Ophidin (β-Alanyl2-C-methylhistidin), zunächst aus den Muskelextrakten der Wirbeltiere dargestellt (1-3). Es führt derzeit zur Diskussion von folgenden Umständen fur Erklärung ihrer Wirkungen: 1) Sekretionsbeförderung der Verdauungsfermente (4). 2) Senkung des Blutdrucks (4-8). 3) Darm and Uteruskontraktion (7, 9, 10). 4) Regelung der pH-Veränderung in Skelettmuskeln (11). 5) Beförderung der Glykolyse in Muskeln (12) usw. Aber gewisse Wirkungen könnten auf Beimengung von geringer Menge Histamin als Verunreinigungen zuri ckführen (13). Vieles ihrer physiologischen and pharmakologischen Wirkungen blieb jedoch noch unerkannt, wenn auch neuere Untersuchungen wichtige Tatsachen ans Licht gebracht hatten.
Andererseits wurde γ-Aminobutyrylhistidin (Homocarnosin) erstmals aus Rindenhirn isoliert (14), and es liess sich kurz darauf feststellen, dass Homocarnosin im Him der anderen Wirbeltiere in den verschiedenen Konzentrationen enthalten ist (15, 16). Es ist fur uns interessant, dass Homocarnosin auch in den Skelettmuskeln der Ratte, welche mit γ-Aminobuttersaure verabreicht wurde, neu gebildet werden konnte (17). Kürzlich wurde über die Aufnahme von Carnosin and Homocarnosin durch die Schnitte des Rattenhirns berichtet (18). Bis jetzt bestehen auch uber die physiologischen Wirkungen des letzteren weitgehende Unklarheiten. Aber klinisch haben Kosaka u.a. (19) durch die Injektion des Homocarnosins mit γ-Amino-β-hydroxybuttersaure den antiepileptischen Effekt erzielen können.
Vor kurzem haben Tsunoo and andere aus dem Him des Seebären (Callorhinus ursinus) Carnosin and Anserin kristallinisch dargestellt (20). Auch aus dem Him and Auge des Huhns wurde Anserin kristallinisch isoliert, and es wurde durch Salzbildung, Analyse and Papierchromatographie identifiziert (21, 22). Andererseits wurde Ophidin aus Walpankreas isoliert (23). Die chemischen and physikalischen Ahnlichkeiten zwischen diesen Dipeptiden, Anserin wie Ophidin, and Homocarnosin beruhen auf die Gleichartigkeit ihrer Molekularformel (C10H16O3N4). Deshalb bieten die Trennung und Identifizierung dieser Peptide als solche besondere Schwierigkeiten, während bei deren Hydrolyse Histidin oder Methylhistidin, und β-Alanin oder γ-Aminobuttersaure als ihre Bestandteile zerlegt werden. Um ein klares Bild von der Bedeutung dieser interessanten Dipeptide im Organismus und von ihren pharmakologischen Wirkungen zu geben, erweisen sich Trennungs und Identifizierungsmethode einfacher Art als nötig.
In vorliegenden Versuchen habe ich die chemischen Eigenschaften des Homocarnosins mit den anderer Histidinderivate durch unsere bisher ubliche Trennungsmethode verglichen, weiter Histidinverbindungen im Muskel und Hirn des Schweins untersucht.View full abstractDownload PDF (259K) -
SHIGERU TSUNOO, KAZUYOSHI HORISAKA, HIDEAKI TANABE, MICHIHARU MURATA, ...1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 98-109
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEs gelang 1959 uns, Ophidin, das zum erstenmal nur aus giftigen and ungiftigen Schlangenmuskeln in Formosa (1, 2), dann aus der Muskulatur der japanischen Giftschlange Agkistrodon Blomhofji (3) abgetrennt worden war, auch aus Walpankreas kristallinisch zu darstellen (4). Ankniipfend an these Arbeit behandelten Horisaka and Musashi (5) käufliche gefrorene Walmuskel, um die Anwesenheit des Ophidins in Walmuskeln zu ermitteln. Es ergab sich, dass grossere Mengen von Ophidin mit Carnosin darin aufgefunden werden können. 1963 konnten Nakai and andere (6) feststellen, dass Ophidin in Muskulatur von der Unterordnung Mystacoceti angehörigen Balenoptera physalus in relativ grossen Mengen vorhanden ist. Davey (7, 8), Kusakabe and andere (9) haben darauf hingewiesen, dass Anserin in Walmuskeln in reichlicher Menge mit Carnosin enthalten ist. Auch Miiller (10) isolierte ein β-Alanin enthaltendes Dipeptid, Cetasin genannt, welches in den IR-Spektren and Rf-Werten in der Papierchromatographie von Anserin abweicht. Durch die Chromatographie von Ionenaustauscher berichtete 1964 Pocchiari and andere (11) fiber das Vorkommen eines neuen Dipeptides, welches von ihnen als Balenin bezeichnet and konstitutionell als β-Alanyl-3-methylhistidin entnommen wurde.
In vorliegenden Versuchen haben wir die Verteilung der β-Alanyl-dipeptide in den Muskeln der Unterordnung Odontoceti angehorigen Delphine untersucht. Die kristallinisch dargestellten Substanzen wurden als Ophidin and Carnosin durch Analyse, Papierchromatographie and IR-Spektren identifiziert. Vor kurzem wurde unsere Mitteilung über die Wirkungen des Carnosins and seiner Methylverbindungen auf die Herztätigkeit, den Blutdruck und die Atmung am Kaninchen in dieser Zeitschrift gemacht (12). Diesmal wurden ihre Einfliisse auf die glatten Muskel untersucht.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
SHOICHI IMAI, HIROSHI MURASE, KEISUKE TAKEDA, MAKOTO KATORI, TATSURO S ...1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 110-116
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince the introduction of dimorpholamine (N, N'-dibutyl-N, N'-dicarboxymorpholineethylenediamine, 1064 Th) as a potent analeptic agent, not a few papers have appeared concerning its stimulating action on respiration and blood pressure. However, to the authors' knowledge, only two works have ever been published with respect to its action on the isolated heart. Using the isolated frog's heart, Fukushima (1) observed a positive inotropic action with 0.75 mg/ml of this compound, although the action was very weak and evanescent. According to his study, an isolated preparation of the dog's heart (Starling's heart-lung preparation) responded to this compound in a similar manner, whereas only a slight negative inotropic action could be induced in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. Kanda et al. (2) studied the action of dimorpholamine on the isolated frog heart. They used a higher dosage range of 0.15 to 0.3 mg/ml and found a definite positive inotropic action ; still higher doses produced more marked positive inotropic action, followed after a lapse of time by a disturbance of heart rhythm.
As an exact knowledge of the cardiac action of an analeptic is important in evaluating usefulness of that compound in clinical medicine, the authors felt the necessity to reinvestigate the cardiac action of dimorpholamine in more detail. In the course of the study, a marked positive inotropic action was observed both in the isolated frog's heart (which was essentially the same as reported by Kanda et al.) and in the heart-lung preparation of the dog. Even in the isolated perfused rabbit heart, the authors could produce a positive inotropic action under certain conditions, which the authors at present are not able to specify (see Fig. 6). This report pertains to the detailed description of the action of this potent analeptic agent on the heart-lung preparation of the dog, with special reference to the possible role played by the adrenergic mechanism in the observed positive inotropic action.View full abstractDownload PDF (264K) -
YOSHIKAZU NAKAZATO, AKIRA OHGA1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 117-118
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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OM CHANDRA, K.N. DHAWAN, G.P. GUPTA, P.R. SAXENA1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 118-119
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (105K) -
J.N. SINHA, R.C. SRIMAL, K.S. DIXIT, OM CHANDRA, K.P. BHARGAVA1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 120-122
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (139K) -
KOZO KAJIKAWA, TADAO ITOH, YUICHI HASHIMOTO, HIROSHI YOSHIDA, REIJI IM ...1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 122-123
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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TAKEHIKO HUKUHARA, YOSHIAKI SAJI, NORIYUKI KUMADAKI, HIROSHI KOJIMA, H ...1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 123-124
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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YOSHIAKI SAJI, TAKEHIKO HUKUHARA, NORIYUKI KUMADAKI, HIROSHI KOJIMA, H ...1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 125
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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TAKEHIKO HUKUHARA, HIROSHI KOJIMA, HAJIME TAMAKI, YOSHIAKI SAJI, NORIY ...1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 126-127
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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RYUICHI KATO, MICHIKO TAKAYANAGI1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 127-128
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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MASAYASU KIMURA, ISAMI WAKI1966 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 129-130
Published: March 01, 1966
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (64K)
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