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Volume 17 (1967)
- Issue 4 Pages 499-
- Issue 3 Pages 333-
- Issue 2 Pages 143-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 17, Issue 1
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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B.P. JAJU, J.N. SINHA, R.C. SRIMAL1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImipramine, a potent antidepressant, has been reported to cause hypotension in cats when administered intravenously. The fall in blood pressure due to high doses of imipramine has been attributed to adrenergic blocking action of the drug (1). Lower doses of imipramine (320 μg/kg i.v.) also cause hypotension although at this dose level it does not produce adrenergic blockade. The cause of hypotension due to low doses of imipramine has still not been explored and the reported observations do not provide any explanation for this response. The ganglion blocking and the adrenergic neurone blocking action of imipramine has been ruled out by the observations of Osborne and Sigg (1). Furthermore, they have ruled out acetylcholine like action of imipramine. The direct vasodilator effect of this drug has been excluded (2). These reports exclude the possibility of action of small dose of imipramine on the efferent limb of the reflex arc regulating blood pressure. It was, therefore, thought desirable to study the effect of imipramine on the medullary and spinal vasomotor loci.View full abstractDownload PDF (251K) -
RYUICHI ISHIDA1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 6-18
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe role of ammonia in the convulsion is controversial. Torda (1) has reported that the accumulation of the ammonium ion in the brain remained within normal limits just before the convulsive phase induced by various convulsants except ammonia or by electrical stimulation of the brain. According to Takahashi et al. (2), they stated that the intensity of convulsions was associated with the acetylcholine contents of the brain rather than the ammonium ion contents. However, it has been disclosed that the ammonium ion is one of the factors causing convulsions (3, 4). Furthermore, there are some studies showing that the alteration of the ammonium ion contents in the brain susceptively influences the sensitivity of the brain and it gives the indication of the level to the brain function (5, 6). The electroencephalographical studies on the action of ammonium ion have been reported by some investigators (1, 7, 8). For example, Ajmone-Marsan et al. (7) have reported that no typical “epileptic” waves were seen in the cerebral cortex by the injection of ammonium chloride. Thus they concluded that the convulsive movements resulting from ammonium chloride injection was not referable to the cerebral cortex. On the other hand, Kitani et al. (8) have sought the epileptic origin of ammonium chloride seizures for the limbic system including the amygdala. In the present paper, the author has electroencephalographically reexamined the focus and nature of ammonium induced seizures in the rabbits.View full abstractDownload PDF (922K) -
YASUHIKO FUJITA1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 19-29
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been demonstrated in a variety of experimental animals that 1-(2, 3, 4-trimethoxy benzyl)-piperazine dihydrochloride (TBP) produces coronary vaso-dilation associated with a decrease in cardiac works (1). The cardiac effects of the compound resemble to those of nitrite derivatives in preventing the anginal attack in man by dilating the coronary vessels and also decreasing the cardiac works. The acute and chronic toxicity of the compound in mice and rats was very low and almost negligible (2). The present report deals with the pharmacodynamic effects on the circulatory system in rabbits, especially the preventing effects on the ECG changes in response to an intravenous injection of vasopressin.View full abstractDownload PDF (608K) -
TAKASHI BAN, SHUJI TAKAORI, MASASHI SASA, KIRO SHIMAMOTO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 30-45
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSgamma-Butyrolactone (GBL) and its hydrolysate, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) have been known to distribute physiologically in the brain (1). Since the description of central depressant effects and anesthesia- or sleep-like states induced by either drug [Rubin et al. (2), Benda et al. (3) and Laborit et al. (4)], they have been introduced clinically as hypnotics, adjuvants of anesthetics and so on. However, there have been some controversies as to whether the central effects induced by either drug could be properly termed as natural sleep or sedation. Winters et al. (5-7) have suggested that the central action of GHB is rather excitatory than inhibitory, because GHB causes catatonia-like or hallucinogenic state and even grand mal seizures by large doses in cats. The problems here are whether both GBL and GHB have excitatory central effects, and whether the effects depend on the species difference by which the central action varies. The comparison of behavioral effects of GBL and GHB among mice, rats and rabbits in the present experiments demontrated more central inhibitory nature of GBL than GHB as well as some signes of central excitement by both drugs. In addition, the possible mechanism of central excitement by GBL in rabbits was discussed electroencephalographically in relation to the similar effects of pentobarbital sodium and pentylenetetrazol.View full abstractDownload PDF (1038K) -
SUMIKO FUJINO, MAMORU TANAKA1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 46-55
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous papers (1-4), it was shown that, when digitoxin is given into the animals suffering either from circulatory disturbances in liver or from liver damages, not only the lethal dose decreases but also the characteristic changes due to digitoxin in the electrocardiogram, i.e. the prolonged PQ-interval and the depressed ST-segment, appear to a lower degree, suggesting that there is an intimate relationship between the cardiac action of digitoxin and an activity of liver. In other words, these findings would imply that digitoxin undergoes a change in its molecular level or an effective substance (or substances) is added during the passage of digitoxin in liver and thus the potentiation of the cardiac action of digitoxin in question takes place. The purpose of the present study is to confirm the p revious results more precisely in a simpler system, using isolated liver of guinea pig, and to determine the nature of the above ‘liver-factor’ potentiating the cardiac action of digitoxin, which appears in connexion with the passage of digitoxin in liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (548K) -
RYUICHI KATO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 56-63
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe administration of phenobarbital and other drugs increases the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes, NADPH dehydrogenase and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase of liver microsomes (1-4). Moreover, it was reported that the administration of phenobarbital also increased the amount of P-450 in liver microsomes (4-6), which is a haemoprotein pigment of microsomes and probably have an important role for the oxidation of drugs (4-10). Recently, Granick and Urata demonstrated that the administration of many drugs, including phenobarbital, markedly increased the activities of δ-amino levulonic acid synthetase and synthesis of porphyrine (11, 12). These results suggested that the increase in the activities of drug-metabolizing enzymes after the administration of phenobarbital may be due to the results of the increasing amount of P-450 through an increased synthesis of porphyrine. On the other hand, administration of 3-amino-1, 2, 4-triazole markedly depressed the activity of liver and kidney catalase (13, 14). The action of 3-aminotriazole on the activity of liver catalase is not yet clear, and some results indicate that 3-aminotriazole may inhibit δ-adminolevulonic acid dehydrase and other enzymes for the synthesis of porphyrine in liver (15, 16). Thus, the purpose of the present communication is to investigate the action of 3-aminotriazole on the induction of drug-metabolizing enzyme systems and the increase in the amount of P-450 content of liver microsomes by the administration of phenobarbital.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K) -
RYUICHI KATO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 64-75
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that the administration of chloretone, phenobarbital or methylcholanthrene induces an increase in the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid and they also induce an increase in the activities of drug-metabolizing enzyme of liver microsomes (1-3). These results indicate that there may be some relationships in the increase in the activities of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes and the increase in the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid. The increased activities of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes are prevented by the joint administration of ethionine (4-6). However, in a previous work, Kato et al. presented the evidence that the increase in the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid after the administration of chloretone or phenobarbital was not prevented by the joint administration of ethionine which completely prevented the increase in the activities of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes (7). These results were not in accord with the results presented by Tuoster et al. which the increased urinary excretion by chloretone or barbital is prevented by the joint administration of ethionine (8). One of the purpose of the present studies, therefore, is to reinvestigate the effect of ethionine on the increase in the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid induced by chloretone, phenobarbital or methylcholanthrene in comparison with the effect of carbontetrachloride. On the other hand, in these studies Kato et al. observed an increase in the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid after the administration of ethionine, while the administration of carbontetrachloride markedly depress the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid. The both drugs are well known hepatotoxic agents, therefore the administration of ethionine must decrease the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid and, thus it should decrease the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid. The second purpose of the present studies, therefore, is to elucidate the mechanism by which ethionine produces the increased excretion of ascorbic acid into urine. The evidence was given that ethionine could not prevent the increase in the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid induced by chloretone, phenobarbital or methylcholanthrene with the doses which almost completely prevented the increase in the activities of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes. On the other hand, the administration of carbontetrachloride markedly prevented the increase in the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid induced by the drugs with the doses which only partially prevents the increase in the activities of microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes. Futheremore, ethionine decreased the liver content of ascorbic acid and thus increased the urinary excretion, while carbontetrachloride decreased the urinary excretion probably through a decrease in the ascorbic acid biosynthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (720K) -
HISANOBU SUGANO, SHOWA UEKI1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 76-81
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the process of evaluating psychotropic drugs, studying their effects on conditioned reflex is one of the inevitable means. To date, the experiment of even a simple conditioned reflex, such as a pole climbing method, requires a lot of time and effort of investigators, if they wish to trace drug effects on it continuously for a prolonged period of time. Moreover, training itself of animals is also much troublesome. The authors have developed a new equipment which can train the animals, test the reflex and record the results automatically. Much tedious and troublesome works of investigators have been thus eliminated by this device, especially when drug effects on conditioned reflex are examined continuosly over a prolonged period. In the present paper, the authors' method with this equipment is described and the effects of some tranquilizing agents on conditioned reflex are demonstrated with some interesting results obtained by the aid of this apparatus.View full abstractDownload PDF (319K) -
SHOWA UEKI, HISANOBU SUGANO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 82-89
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs one of the routine screening tests for evaluating drug effects on the central nervous system, the effects on spontaneous movements of mice and rats have often been examined. Various devices have been employed so far for measuring spontaneous activity of small animals by using the jiggle cage (1-4), rotating cage and photoelectric cage methods (5-6). The jiggle cage method records general bodily movements while the rotating cage and photoelectric cage methods measure relatively purposeful motor activity such as walking and running movements. Akiyama (7) developed a kymographic method to record both general bodily movements and walking or running movements simultaneously. In all these methods, various recording devices, e.g. for counting the number of revolution of the rotating cage or the frequency of interrupting the light beam to the photoelectric cell, have also been developed in order to accomplish a more quantitative measurement of motor activity. However, much laborious works are required if frequent counting is needed at shorter intervals of time in order to follow up the temporal pattern of drug effects on spontaneous activity. Movements of the jiggle cage were also integrated and thence recorded quantitatively by the use of work adder (1-2), or an elaborate electronic device (4). The authors have developed a simple device for quantitative as well as continuous recording of the spontaneous activity of mice and rats by using the photoelectric cell method. In the present paper, the authors' method is introduced and the effects of some CNS stimulants on the spontaneous movements of the mouse are demonstrated.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
SIGENOBU KUMADA, MASAHIRO HITOMI1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 90-104
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent years there have been a great number of compounds synthesized for their atropine-like effect. Recently a new class of compounds, derivatives of 3-diphenylmethylene-pyrrolidine, has been synthesized by Ohki et al., some of which have been found to possess potent anticholinergic activity (1). Studies of the relationship between the chemical structure and anticholinergic and antihistaminic activities in vitro of these compounds have been carried out and 1, 1-diethyl-2-methyl-3-diphenylmethylenepyrrolidinium bromide (Pyrodifenium bromide: hereinafter referred to as PDB), a quaternary ammonium compound, has been found to possess the most potent anticholinergic activity among these mentioned derivatives (2). In this report, the authors carried out pharmacological studies of this compound on its peripheral anticholinergic action in comparison with atropine, and on ganglion blocking, neuromuscular blocking and central nervous system actions. The chemical structure of this compound is shown in Fig. 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
YASUKO AMANO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 105-114
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe increased utilization of lipids during pregnancy, expressed as an increase of lipids concentration in the blood, liver and kidney as well as a decrease of depot fat, has been demonstrated by Boyd (1), Mckay (2) and Scow et al. (3). The hypoglycemic response of the fasted pregnant rats associated with the appearance of ketosis has also been shown by Scow et al. (3). Appart from these metabolic changes during pregnancy, Garner et al. (4) have reported that the level of blood glucose is lower in the rat fed a high-fat diet than in the rat fed a high-carbohydrate diet. These findings allow the assumption that the utilization of glycogen is preceded that of lipids during the fasting by the mechanism of depressed glucose utilization, and permit elucidation of the interaction between glucose and lipid metabolism. In the present experiments, the influences of pregnancy on the carbohydrate metabolism were observed as changes of the level of blood glucose and tissue glycogen during pregnancy as well as after delivery. The mode of glycogen utilization at the various term of pregnancy and postparturition was investigated by means of the glucose tolerance test. Furthermore, the effects of lipid feeding on the level of blood glucose during pregnancy and after delivery were studied in the rats fed a high-fat diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
KEIJIRO TAKAGI, ISSEI TAKAYANAGI, TSUTOMU IRIKURA, KEIGO NISHINO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 115-119
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous reports Takagi and Takayanagi (1-5) have speculated that with regard to the liberation of acetylcholine from the guinea pig ileum, two mechanisms can be responsible; the first is important at low frequencies of electrical stimulation and is concerned with the action of 5-hydroxytryptamine, picric acid and nicotine and is depressed by morphine and strychnine but the nerve path way concerned with 5-hydroxytryptamine may be different from that concerned with nicotine (or dimethylphenyl piperazinium) in this mechanism (6, 7); the second is induced at high frequencies of electrical stimulation and by the action of phenyl acetate and is resistant to the inhibitory action of morphine and strychnine. However, it has been recently reported by Bowman and Hemsworth (8) that triethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium (or triethylcholine) depresses contractions of the isolated phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation of the rat and choline restores the contractions depressed by triethylcholine. So in this paper modes of action of trimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride (or choline), ethyldimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium iodide, methyldiethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium iodide, propyldimethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium iodide, triethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium iodide (or triethylcholine), propyldiethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium iodide and benzyldimethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride on the isolated guinea pig ileum were investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (281K) -
SHIGERU YAMABE1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 120-124
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous paper (1), it was reported that kanamycin (KM), an antibiotic found by Umezawa et al. (2), formed a chelate with Cu++ at a molar ratio of 2:1. The structure shown in Fig. 1-a was proposed for this chelate where the propylene diamine moiety of KM took part in the formation of the chelation compound. To confirm this structure, deoxystreptamine (DOSA) was prepared by hydrolysis of KM and a comparative study of Cu++ chelates of DOSA and ethylene diamine (EDA) with that of KM was made by infrared spectroscopy and polarography.View full abstractDownload PDF (222K) -
SEIZABURO KANOH, HIRONOSHIN KAWASAKI, MINORU YOSHIDA, AKIRA NISHIO, KE ...1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 125-132
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBeeson (1) has first described on the pyrogenic effect of a substance obtained from polymorphonuclear leucocytes of rabbits which was designated as “leucocytic pyrogen”. Bennett (2) also stated that the nature and action of this substance markedly differed from endotoxin in certain respects. This leucocytic pyrogen has been shown to differ from the originally administered endotoxin in the following respects: 1) It was characterized by the rapid brief monophasic body temperature curve in normal rabbits. 2) Daily repeated injections of endogenous pyrogen did not elicite resistance to its fever producing action. 3) It was relatively heat labile and differed from lipopolysaccharide as bacterial pyrogen. On the other hand, it has been found that during the fever response of rabbit injected with endotoxin, there appeared a pyrogenic substance in the circulating blood stream of the rabbit, and it has been called as an endogenous pyrogen in the blood. The differences between endogenous pyrogen and leucocytic pyrogen were not clearly demonstrated (3). But the study of the releasing mechanism and localization of leucocytic pyrogen in leucocytes might be one step of the study for the pathogenesis of fever. Present report deals with the conditions of the production of leucocytic pyrogen from leucocytes of rabbits and some physico-chemical properties of leucocytic pyrogen in vitro.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K) -
IWAO YAMAMOTO, REIZO INOKI, KATSUYA IWATSUBO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 133-134
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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IWAO YAMAMOTO, REIZO INOKI, KATSUYA IWATSUBO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 134-135
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (118K) -
CHANGES OF BRAIN CALCIUM CONTENT IN NORMAL AND MORPHINIZED MICE AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF MORPHINETADAHIRO SHIKIMI, HIROSHI KANETO, KOTOBUKI HANO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 135-136
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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TADAHIRO SHIKIMI, HIROSHI KANETO, KOTOBUKI HANO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 136-137
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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SHIGERU YAMABE1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 138-139
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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TATSURO SHIGEI, SHOICHI IMAI, KEISUKE TAKEDA1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 139-140
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
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IWAO YAMAMOTO, REIZO INOKI, YUKIO TAMARI, KATSUYA IWATSUBO1967 Volume 17 Issue 1 Pages 140-142
Published: March 01, 1967
Released on J-STAGE: February 02, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (144K)
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