巻号一覧
22 巻 (1972)
- 6 号 p. 741-
- 5 号 p. 581-
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22 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1～22を表示しています
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Eiichi OGAWA, Shiro SUZUKI, Hiroshi TSUZUKI1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 275-281
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーCadmium (Cd) has recently been used extensively in industry. As a consequence, it is drawing attention as a causative agent of occupational diseases and environmental pollution. Intensive studies are being carried out on Cd intoxication, and pulmonary edema, pneumonitis, necrosis of the renal cortex, etc. are now recognized as manifestations of acute Cd poisoning, while proteinuria, emphysema, anemia, kidney stones and bone lesions as those of the chronic poisoning (1). It had been reported that arterial hypertension, testicular hemorrhage and necrosis were induced in rats with only a small dose of Cd (2, 3), also that Cd acts as a carcinogen in rats (4).
In Japan, Hagino et al. (5) published "Study on Itaiitai-Disease (An Endemic of Toyama Prefecture). Since then much research has been successively carried out on bone diseases resulting from chronic Cd poisoning.
Administering cadmium chloride to mice, using 115mCd as the tracer we investigated retention, excretion and distribution and the effects of drugs in order to provide effective therapy to Cd poisoned patients.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (267K) -
E. MARMO, L. COSCIA, S. CATALDI1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 283-293
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーThe present study was undertaken to investigate the cardiac effects of 5 antidepressive tricyclic derivatives namely imipramine, desipramine, amitriptyline, trimeprimine and noxiptiline (Fig. 1). The following parameters were studied:
1) In vivo: Effects on ECG, their anti-arrhythmic and anticoronarospastic activity.
2) In vitro: Effects on the inotropism, chronotropism and coronary flow.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (368K) -
Shigemitsu HOUKI1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 295-300
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーAmong the effects of clonidine [St 155, 2-(2, 6-dichlorophenylamino)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride], those on the cardiovascular system have received considerable attention. Clonidine induces a biphasic change in blood pressure, consisting of initial brief hypertension and subsequent long-lasting hypotension (1). The initial hypertension has been explained by a sympathomimetic action of this drug and the subsequent hypotension by some centrallymediated repression of the sympathetic tone (2-5).
The isolated preparation of taenia coil is an excellent material to study sympathomimetic and parasympathomimetic actions of drugs, responding to the former with inhibition and to the latter with excitation (6, 7). The present paper reports the effects of clonidine on the excitation and contraction of taenia coll. The knowledge obtained with this material will be useful to interpret the drug actions on smooth muscle in general.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (214K) -
S.K. PATNI, P.C. DANDIYA1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 301-307
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーOur earlier observations (1) with antidepressants (MAOIs and tricyclic) in protecting drug-induced Parkinson-like signs in animals showed that these agents were not so effective as the commonly employed antiparkinsonian drugs. It was, therefore, decided to combine these antidepressants i.e. sub-effective doses of these together with sub-effective doses of the commonly used antiparkinsonian drugs, in order to assess the therapeutic efficacy of such combinations, as undersirable sedative effects of antiparkinsonian drugs may be counteracted by antidepressants. In the present study such combinations with the well established antiparkinsonian drug, diphenylhydramine, were used and the degree of protection from parkinson-like signs induced by tremorine in mice and perphenazine in rats, were observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (315K) -
K. Krishna RAO1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 309-311
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーRocha e Silva and Rosenthal (1) have reported that the exudates from burnt rat skin contain histamine, bradykinin, adenosine derivatives and possibly serotonin and other as yet unidentified pharmacologically active and toxic substances. Hodson (2) has reported the peripheral antiserotonin activity of B.W. 501 C 67 (α-anilino-N-2-m-chlorophenoxypropyl acetamidine hydrochloride monohydrate) and B.W. 204 C 67 (S-m-methylanilino-N-2-m-methoxy phenoxy propyl acetamidine hydriodide) and Rao (3) reported on the presence of central antiserotonin activity of these compounds. Rao (4) also reported that two newer antihistaminic and antiserotonin compounds, cyproheptadine and BC 105, possess significant protective effect against the lethal effects of exudates from burnt rat skin. In the present communication, an attempt has been made to determine whether or not B.W. 501 C 67 and B.W. 204 C 67 have got any protective effect against the toxicity of the exudates.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (98K) -
Ryoichi ISHITANI, Tetsuo SATOH, Tetsuya SUGA, Haruo KITAGAWA1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 313-323
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーDimetacrine (1), 10-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-9, 9-dimethyl-acridan, is a tricyclic compound with a central hexagonal ring instead of the heptagonal ring common to most antidepressants. Clinical properties and the value of this drug in the treatment of depressive states, and in a variety of psychic disorders have been well established (2, 3). A previous paper (4) demonstrated the metabolic fate of dimetacrine by means of a radiometric assay.
Recent works (5-8) for the subcellular fractionation of brain tissue permitted the isolation of pinched-off nerve endings or synaptosomes and it has been observed that the bound form of putative central transmitters (9, 10) and the enzymes (11) related to those transmitters, i.e., acetylcholine, serotonin, noradrenaline, cholineacetylase, cholinesterase, 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase and catechol-O-methyltransferase are highly concentrated in the synaptosomal fraction. Compartmentation of certain of these components within synaptosomes has been studied by disrupting the synaptosomes in water or in freezing and thawing procedures, and subsequently separating fractions containing soluble cytoplasmic constituents, synaptic vesicles, synaptic membranes, junctional complexes and intraterminal mitochondria by means of a discontinuous density gradient centrifugation (12-14). These findings suggest that for studying the mode of action of drugs and toxins on the central nervous system, distributions in subcellular organelles of synaptic region must be demonstrated in detail.
The present paper deals with subcellular distribution of H3-dimetacrine in rat cerebral cortex using a discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation and further studies by means of an electron microscope.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (734K) -
Hidemasa YAMASAKI, Katsumi SUGIYAMA1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 325-337
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーIt is generally recognized that the histamine release from mast cells induced by a number of histamine releasers including compound 48/80 or by antigen-antibody reaction is accompanied by extracellular discharge of granules (degranulation), though this is not always the case (1-3). Uvnäs and Thon (4, 5) proposed a hypothesis that the mechanism of histamine release from mast cells by compound 48/80 consists of two consecutive steps: the one being the process of extracellular discharge of granules, and the other, that occurs subsequently, a process of the release of histamine from extracellular granules. They consider that the first process is energy-requiring but the second one is a non-enzymatic simple ion exchange which occurs in the extracellular fluid phase between granular histamine and inorganic cations. This hypothesis is largely based on the following observations: 1) Mast cells which have degranulated in vitro on exposure to compound 48/80 retain their ability to store granules and histamine, and also to discharge granules and histamine on a second exposure to compound 48/80. 2) In an isotonic sucrose solution, granules are discharged from mast cells by compound 48/80 but histamine is not released; if these granules are resuspended in a medium containing inorganic cations, histamine release does occur. The first observation seems to be substantiated by recent findings of Diamant et al. (6) and Tasaka et al. (7) that when compound 48/80 is repeatedly applied topically to the surface of a single mast cell by means of microelectrophoresis, degranulation occurs in response to each application. We have failed to wholly reconfirm the latter observation, however, since in our experiment, histamine release from mast cells was produced to a considerable degree by compound 48/80 in isotonic sucrose solution, although an additional histamine release could be observed from mast cells resuspended in NaCl solution.
The present paper offers evidence of such a release of histamine induced by compound 48/80 in isotonic sucrose solution free of metal ions and describes some observations made for elucidation of the mechanism of this phenomenon. A short account of this work has been published (8).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (572K) -
Keijiro TAKAGI, Hiroshi SAITO, Moriyoshi TSUCHIYA1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 339-346
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーIt is said in Chinese medicine that Ginseng root has an anti-fatigue, anti-hypothermia, antidiabetic and sedative activities. It has been also utilized to develop physiological strength and to increases spontaneous movement of digestive system.
Several papers concerning Ginseng root have been reported in the pharmacological fields, stating that some fractions of Ginseng root have central nervous system stimulant and analeptic activities (1), or stimulate a motility of digestive system (2). Petkov (3, 4) reported that water-alcohol extracts of Ginseng root produced smooth muscle contraction and had stimulant effects on central nervous system with the pole climbing test. Shibata et al. (5) have studied the chemical structure of Ginseng saponins and their sapogenins.
In this paper, pharmaclogical properties of a crude saponin fraction (GNo. 3) of Ginseng root are discussed and effects of GNo. 3 on central nervous system and digestive system were investigated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (295K) -
Noboru TODA1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 347-357
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーThere are a number of reports describing that not only in visceral (1-3) but also vascular smooth muscles (4-6) Ca++ may be the agent linking membrane excitation to contraction. Increasing [Ca++]0 may either stimulate (7, 8) or inhibit (9) vascular smooth muscles. Adrenaline and K+ elicit contraction and an increase in the Ca++ influx into smooth muscle cells (4, 10). Elevation of [Ca++]0 depresses the first part of the contractile response of aortic muscles to adrenaline but potentiates the second part (11). Excitation of nervous elements in vascular tissues by electrical transmural stimulation results in contraction and a sharp rise in the output of noradrenaline (12). Contractile responses of isolated vessels to stimulation of periarterial sympathetic nerves are shown to relate directly to [Ca++]0 ranging from 0 to 4.4 mM (13).
It seems likely that Sr++ can substitute for Ca++ in the contractile mechanism of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscles (14-18) and in the release of the neurohumoral transmitter from sympathetic nerve terminals (18). It appears that Na+ acts through an antagonism to Ca++ on muscular contractility (4, 19) and uptake of noradrenaline by sympathetic nerves (20). Ouabain is known to increase the exchangeable Ca++ fraction (21, 22), which would be expected to participate in increased contractility.
The present study was an investigation into the effects of ions and drugs that interact with Ca++ on the resting tension of the vascular smooth muscle and on its contractile response to electrical transmural stimulation and exogenous noradrenaline.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (445K) -
Yoshimi MISU, Takao KUBO1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 359-370
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーThe heart has been used as a convenient tool of physiological and pharmacological studies of nerves and muscles. The present experiment was done in rabbit's heart as a possible preparation to be isolated with the sympathetic nerve in a convenient experimental animal. At the beginning of the present experiment, investigation was done as to whether or not there was a relationship between positive mechanical responses to and noradrenaline output released by the sympathetic nerve stimulation. Effects of high concentrations of external Ca++ and Mg++, cocaine and adrenergic β-blockers on noradrenaline output released by the sympathetic nerve stimulation were re-investigated.
The objective of this paper is to discuss the possibility of the existence of intracardiac sympathetic ganglia. Such a hypothesis was based mainly on observations that in heart tissues nicotinic drugs exerted effects like those of the sympathetic nerve stimulation, which could be blocked by ganglionic blocking agents (1-4). The hypothesis appeared open to discussion under evidence (5-7). On the other hand, Juhász-Nagy and Szentiványi (8) and Takenaka et al. (9) have demonstrated the possibility that vasoconstrictor fibers of coronary arteries synapse with ganglion cells in or near the wall of the dog's heart. In the present paper, it was attempted to throw light on the problem by investigation of effects of hexamethonium on mechanical and coronary responses to and noradrenaline output released by the electrical stimulation of the sympathetic nerve in the rabbit's heart. Preliminary reports have already been published (10).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (461K) -
Hikaru OZAWA, Takeshi KATSURAGI1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 371-380
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーThere are reports that cardiac glycosides potentiate responses of smooth muscle organs evoked by various stimulating agents as well as electrical stimulus. Brender and co-workers (1) reported that tension development and the contractile response of saphenous vein strip of dogs evoked by electrical stimulation were potentiated by acetylstrophanthidin (1 μg/ml). There is also evidence that digitoxin and ouabain potentiated the pressor actions of catecholamines in the dog (2, 3) and that ouabain potentiated the response of aortic strip of the rabbit to BaCl2 (4).
On the other hand, the authors synthesized several aminoguanidine analogues and examined pharmacological actions on autonomic nervous systems (5). Among them 3, 4-dihydroxy-5-methoxybenzoylaminoguanidine (AG-2H) had characteristic cardiac action as follows (6). Namely, AG-2H showed a fairly continuous positive inotropic action without a positive chronotropic action. This action was difficult to abolish using a adrenergic β-blocking agent. The positive inotropic action induced by noradrenaline was abolished by a high concentration of AG-2H. As to action potential of guinea-pig papillary muscle, the plateau phase was prolonged by AG-2H though the amplitude was little changed.
In the present study, effects of ouabain and AG-2H on the responses induced by various agents and electrical nerve stimulation on the blood pressure and the nictitating membrane of the cat were examined in paralel. Furthermore, using guinea-pig vas deferens as a typical adrenergically innervated organ, effects of both drugs on contractions induced by autonomic agents were investigated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) -
Hideomi FUKUDA, Yoshihisa KUDO, Kazuo WATANABE1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 381-389
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーStretching of the muscle spindle produces a receptor potential (a local depolarization) in the muscle spindle which gives rise to repetitive spikes in the sensory nerve (1). In addition, it has been suggested that the dynamic component of the receptor potential is simply the result of a change in membrane capacity, and that the successive static component may be due to a change in membrane permeability (1).
Henatsch and Schulte (2) found that the afferent discharges from the muscle spindle were increased by acetylcholine or succinylcholine in the muscle of frog. Ottoson (3) reported that acetylcholine (1×10-4 g/ml) had no significant effect on the sensory endings while higher concentrations caused a slight reduction of their activity. Some reports (4-6) indicated that d-tubocurarine or atropine affected the discharges from the muscle spindle. The problem thus remains whether acetylcholine or cholinesters play an essential role in the generation or transmission of spikes.
It was expected that use of various anticholinergics might provide an important clue in elucidating the mechanism of static generation and transmission of spikes. Strychnine was shown to have curare-like action (7) and also depressive action on the afferent discharges from the muscle spindle (8). The present study deals with d-tubocurarine, atropine, hexamethonium, hemicholinium-3, procaine and also strychnine. It is concerned with effects on muscle spindle discharges, receptor potential, nerve conduction and muscle twitch.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (335K) -
Matao SAKANASHI1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 391-401
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known that catecholamines significantly modify the sympathetic ganglionic transmission (1-10). Since Eccles and Libet (7) proposed a model of ganglionic transmission characterized by adrenergically mediated hyperpolarizing potentials, many reports have appeared concerning the action and the physiologic role of catecholamines in sympathetic ganglia. De Groat and Volle (9) have investigated the effect of catecholamines on the transmission in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat, and they postulated two pharmacologically distinctive adrenoceptive sites in sympathetic ganglia, α- and β-receptors responding to the drugs with depression and facilitation, respectively. According to this concept, the enhancement of ganglionic transmission by small doses of epinephrine and norepinephrine (3, 6) might be attributed to the activation of adrenergic ganglionic β-receptor, however, findings are not consistent with those of others who failed to demonstrate such an enhancement (1, 4, 5). Thus, reports on the catecholamine effects on sympathetic ganglia are still in dispute.
The action of catecholamines on sympathetic ganglia has been studied mostly on the superior cervical ganglion, with only a few studies on the stellate ganglion (4, 5). In our preliminary studies on the efferent discharge of cardiac sympathetic nerve, a depressant action of epinephrine was demonstrated on the stellate ganglion. The finding led us to a further investigation of the effect of catecholamines on this ganglion. In the present experiment, changes in the amplitude of sympathetic evoked action potentials were observed in postganglionic fibers of the stellate ganglion. It is evident that most sympathetic nerves towards the heart synapse with the stellate ganglion. In order to examine the physiologic role of catecholamines in sympathetic activities in cardiovascular system, changes in intraventricular pressure caused by the preganglionic nerve stimulation were monitored during topical application of catecholamine to the ganglion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (386K) -
Keijiro TAKAGI, Issei TAKAYANAGI, Yukiko TSUCHIDA1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 403-409
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーIn previous papers (1, 2) we have reported, using the taenia of the guinea pig, that isoprenaline, papaverine and dibutyryl cyclic AMP stop the spontaneous spike discharge with some hyperpolarization, when these relax the taenia, also that these drugs are without any effect on tension of the glycerinated taenia induced by ATP and Ca in sufficient concentrations to relax the taenia. Furthermore, we have observed that all of three drugs accelerate Ca-efflux in the taenia (3). These results suggest that the inhibitory actions of these three drugs may be mediated through one mechanism, though only isoprenaline induces the inhibitory response via the β-adrenergic receptors.
The β-adrenergic action is thought however to be related to the ability of the β-stimulants to increase the intracellular level of cyclic 3', 5'-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic 3', 5'-AMP) in the smooth muscles. Other recent reports (4, 5) have mentioned that papaverine inhibits phosphodiesterase and increases the amount of cyclic 3', 5'-AMP in the cells.
One of the aims in this apper is to test whether or not inhibitory actions of the β- adrenergic stimulants and papaverine are concerned with intracellular cyclic 3', 5'-AMP as well as to determine that α-adrenergicacti on is not related to cyclic 3', 5'-AMP in the cells.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (224K) -
Hiroshi KOGO, Yoshio AIZAWA1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 411-415
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーIt is widely known that estrogen can stimulate transport of both sugars and amino acids into rat uterus (1-6). This estrogen effect on transport may reflect the anabolic activity of the hormone in uterus but its mechanism is little known. Phospholipid in tissues is an essential component of cell membrane which is composed mainly of lipid and protein, though the basic arrangements of these two components are not clear. On the other hand, phospholipid in rat uterus is the major organic component that undergoes rapid acceleration of metabolism and increases at an early phase after estrogen administration (7). It can be presumed that cell membrane in an organ plays an important role in the transport of substrates. Recently, the role of phospholipid on sugar transport was reported and it was observed that the rate of intracellular 3-0-methylglucose space in the castrated rat uterus increased by the addition of phospholipid (8).
On the basis of these results, it seemed of interest to study the role of phospholipid on sugar and amino acid transport in rat uterine cell membrane, and such an examination was carried out by using phospholipase A (phosphatide acyl-hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.4), phospholipase C (phosphatidylcholine-phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.3), and phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase, EC 3.1.4.4).
This report shows that the phosphate position and/or part of basic groups of phospholipid in a membrane tissue may be playing a significant role on sugar and amino acid transport in rat uterus that was increased by estrogen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (214K) -
PRAMOD KUMAR GUJRAL1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 417-423
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーEver since the introduction of protoveratrine for the treatment of hypertension, attempts have been made to augment its inadequate therapeutic margin. Considerable efforts to synthesize veratrum alkaloids with a greater ratio between hypotensive and emetic effects were made, notably by Kupchan and co-workers (1-6). While efforts to secure a hypotensive veratrum alkaloid devoid of emetic activity failed, it was soon discovered that some semisynthetic acetic acid esters of germine (7, 8) and protoverine (9-12) showed no hypotensive activity but retained a marked tension increasing effect on skeletal muscle. This effect designated, the ‘veratrine response’, by von Bezold (13) consists in the conversion of a single action potential after a stimulus, into a series of “repetitive” action potentials resulting in an augmented response of the muscle.
Recently, Flacke and co-workers (14, 15) using germine diacetate, were able to demonstrate improvement in muscle power in a small group of myasthenic patients who derived little or no benefit from treatment with anticholinesterase. In these patients the ptosis, ocular mobility and facial and lingual muscles responded better to germine diacetate than a standard dose of pyridostigmine (16-18).
The present investigation compares the emetic activity in pigeons, of a series of semisynthetic acetic acid esters of protoverine with the naturally occurring protoveratrine A and B. The skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system effects of some of these alkaloids which are similar to those of germine diacetate, have been described in detail by us elsewhere (11, 12). The series comprised of the following compounds : protoverine acetonide diacetate (PADA); protoverine triacetate (PTA); protoverine acetonide triacetate (PATA); protoverine pentaacetate (PPA); protoverine isopentaacetate (PIPA) and protoverine hexaacetate (PHA). The study also confirms and extends Winer's observation of a quantitative difference between protoveratrine A and B with respect to emetic potency in man (19, 20).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (250K) -
Osamu YAGASAKI, Kyoichi KAGAWA, Tadashi TAKEWAKI, Iwao YANAGIYA1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 425-427
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (124K) -
Toshiharu OHGOH, Hiroyuki SHIOJIRI, Tamostu KANAZAWA, Masaru SATO, Koh ...1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 427-431
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (235K) -
Takashi OCHIAI, Ryuichi ISHIDA, Seiichi NURIMOTO, Ichizo INOUE, Yoshio ...1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 431-434
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (175K) -
Ryuichi KATO, Akira TAKANAKA, Kin-ichi ONODA, Yoshihito OMORI1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 434-436
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (111K) -
Hideaki KARAKI, Norimoto URAKAWA1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 437-439
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (134K) -
Hajime YASUHARA, Sadayuki SHO, Kazuya KAMIJO1972 年 22 巻 3 号 p. 439-441
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2006/12/19
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (109K)
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