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Volume 22 (1972)
- Issue 6 Pages 741-
- Issue 5 Pages 581-
- Issue 4 Pages 443-
- Issue 3 Pages 275-
- Issue 2 Pages 139-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 22, Issue 5
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Norio KURIHARA, Katsuhiro SHIBATA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 581-585
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the use of a nonsensitized segment serving as indicator, the release of histamine or other substances during anaphylactic contraction in the isolated sensitized guinea-pig ileum was demonstrated (1). Histamine release in anaphylaxis was measured by immersing sensitized guinea-pig tissues including the small intestine in Tyrode solution containing the antigen (2, 3). Attempts to demonstrate directly the release of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) from the sensitized guinea-pig ileum have been unsuccessful (4, 5). In most of these studies histamine and 5-HT were assayed biologically. Biological assay requires great skill in techniques. The purpose of the present experiment is to determine spectrophotofluorometrically the possible release of histamine and 5-HT from the sensitized isolated guinea-pig small intestine by antigen, as first studies regarding the effect of various drugs on the release of mediators.View full abstractDownload PDF (174K) -
Tadao OKAMURA, Yoshizumi SHIINA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 587-597
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince Dale's report (1) on a hypothetical role of histamine in anaphylactic shock, the view that the histamine plays as an important chemical mediator in allergic reaction has been steadily supported by many investigators (2-10). Antihistaminics are now widely applied in allergy clinics to suppress the action of histamine produced endogenously by antigen-antibody reaction. The therapeutic effect of antihistaminics on allergic diseases is believed to be ascribed to the competition with histamine on histamine-receptor (11, 12) the drugs never acting on the immunological process itself (13). It is also acknowledged that allergic symptomes do not entirely disappear even after the administration of antihistaminics (14-16). On the other hand, it has been noted that several substances besides histamine were found to play roles in allergic shock and that antihistaminics had many pharmacological actions, in addition to antihistaminic action (17-23). Previously, Okamura (24) reported that anaphylactic contraction of taenia coli from guinea pig was dependent on the electric smooth muscle cell membrane potential. It has consequently been assumed that examination of the influence of spasmolytic drugs on membrane potential will not only have important implication for the elucidation of anaphylactic contraction, but also provede valuable clues for future study of anti-allergic drugs. In the present paper, antihistaminics were compared with adrenaline, papaverine and atropine for the purpose of elucidating the antihistaminics' inhibitory action on anaphylactic contraction in guinea pig's taenia coli using an electrophysiological method.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
K.K. TANGRI, K.M. DHASMANA, K.S. DIXIT1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 599-604
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSModaline, 2-methyl-3-piperidinopyrazine derivative, was found to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO) (1, 2) and showed therapeutic anti-depressant activity (3). This compound potentiated convulsions induced by tryptamine and hyperthermia induced by dopa similar to other MAO inhibitors (2). Moreover, it also antagonised reserpine induced hypothermia like imipramine (2). Gylys et al. (4) showed that peripheral administration of modaline resulted in hypotension due to ganglionic blockade. Both imipramine and MAO inhibitors viz. pheniprazine and iproniazid were found to inhibit the excitability of the hypothalmic and brain stem vasomotor loci (5, 6). On the other hand, modaline potentiated the facilitation of monosynaptic spinal reflexes induced by stimulation of brain stem reticular formation (7). Therefore, investigation of the central vasomotor effects of modaline after injection into the lateral cerebral ventricle in dogs was carried out.View full abstractDownload PDF (231K) -
Masakazu NISHIMURA, Norimoto URAKAWA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 605-616
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been reported that mercury given to laying birds as alkoxy mercury compounds (1) or inorganic mercury (1, 2) was transported into ovarian follicles. In the previous report, Nishimura and Urakawa (3) have suggested that inorganic mercury given to laying quail probably binds to a serum protein which is biosynthesized in the liver in response to estrogens, and the bound mercury is transported to deposit in the ovarian follicles. In the present paper, the mercury-bound protein in the egg yolk and the serum from laying quail was studied to clarify a transport mechanism of mercury into ovarian follicles, especially a protein-bound carrying system.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
Hironaka AIHARA, Akira KASAI, Takeshi SAKAI1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 617-627
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany investigators have reported that the effect of dopamine on the peripheral vasculature apparently varies and is dependent on the species. Holtz and Credner (1) observed that dopamine produced depressor effects in blood pressure of guinea pigs and rabbits while pressor effects were produced in cats and dogs. In the anesthetized cat and dog, dopamine causes vasodilatations in the superior and inferior mesenteric, gastric, and renal arteries and vasoconstrictions in the hepatic and splenic arteries (2, 3).
Ebel (3) reported that the action of dopamine on the systemic blood pressure was the result of balance between these vasoconstrictions and vasodilatations. It is also reported that dopamine has a direct sympathomimetic action on the heart (2, 4-7), while some reports suggest that dopamine acts on the sympathetic nerve terminals since its effect is reduced by reserpine, cocaine (8) and ephedrine (9). On the other hand, Tsai (10) observed that dopamine has both actions on cat nictitating membrane and on guinea pig heart.
In order to analyse the pressor effect of dopamine in the rat, experiments herein were designed to study (a) the modification of dose-response curve of dopamine on the rat blood pressure by several drugs and (b) the local vasculature effects of dopamine at the hind limb and kidney.View full abstractDownload PDF (363K) -
Tetsuo SATOH, Sadamu YAMAMOTO, Kayoko MOROI1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 629-633
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsocarboxyazid has been widely used in the treatment of depressive diseases, however, there is no pertinent information on metabolism and placental transfer of the drug although a few reports have appeared concerning metabolism of this drug in male rats (1) and man (2).
Preceding papers (3-6) demonstrated that the metabolism of isocarboxazid was initiated by enzymatic hydrolysis of amide bond of the drug to form benzylhydrazine, and this enzyme was found to localize mainly in the microsomal fraction of liver. Moreover, there was a significant species difference in the enzyme activity, that is, the guinea-pig has an approximate ten-fold higher enzyme activity than rats.
The present paper is concerned with the metabolism of isocarboxazid in pregnant rats and determinations to elucidate the placental transfer of this drug.View full abstractDownload PDF (218K) -
Masahiro MORI, Yutaka SAKAI1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 635-643
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTraditionally, the central structure for producing a cough response by electrical stimulation has been called the cough center (1). In 1948, Borison (2) stimulated the dorsolateral region of the medulla oblongata in the cat and induced a spasmodic respiratory response very similar to coughing, sneezing and retching. Chakravarty et al. (3) induced the same response by stimulating the same area and indicated the application to evaluation of antitussive drugs. Recently, Kasé and his associates (4) explored a more caudal portion of the medulla and found a region capable of inducing cough-like response at the level of the obex, and the response induced appeared to be a little different in nature from the gasp-like responses observed by Borison. In these studies relatively large electrodes and high voltage stimuli (1.2-8.0 V) were used (5-7). Methodological limitations in these studies might have misled to assess a wider boundary as an area of the cough center. In the present article we have examined the area in the medulla by using a stimulating electrode of smaller size and a minute intensity of stimulus to induce cough-like response. The results indicate that the area, in which the cough-like response is produced by electrical stimulation, is confined distinctly to a certain anatomical structure of the medulla, i.e., the nucleus tractus solitarius.View full abstractDownload PDF (374K) -
Shigetoshi CHIBA, Kiyoshi TAMURA, Katsumi KUBOTA, Koroku HASHIMOTO1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 645-651
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that nicotine and 1, 1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) have biphasic chronotropic responses both by stimulating the intracardiac parasympathetic ganglia and by liberating catecholamines locally (1-4). In 1967, Nadeau and James reported effects of nicotine on heart rate using a direct perfusion technique of the SA node in dogs (5). They showed that the negative chronotropic response to nicotine was abolished by treatment with atropine and that of the positive by either propranolol or hexamethonium. Furthermore, Bhagat et al. reported that nicotine-induced acceleration of sinus rate was inhibited by hexamethonium but the DMPP-induced one was not suppressed by hexamethonium in isolated guineapig atria (6).
From the pharmacological point of view, it is of interest to investigate the chronotropic effects of nicotine and DMPP by utilization of blood-perfused SA node preparations of dogs. Previously Hashimoto and Chiba (7) demonstrated that tetrodotoxin was a selective blocking agent of nerve stimulation in the sinoatrial preparation and as such was a useful tool for excluding the effect of nerve excitation at peripheral organs. In this study, an attempt was made to analyse responses to nicotine and DMPP by use of tetrodotoxin in addition to autonomic drugs.
Preliminary data from this study has previously been reported (8).View full abstractDownload PDF (251K) -
Yukio SAITO, Yutaka SAKAI, Norimoto URAKAWA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 653-661
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been reported that taenia coli isolated from guinea pig showed tension development accompanied by an increase in oxygen consumption when treated with a stimulant such as acetylcholine, eserine (1), histamine (1, 2) or high concentration of potassium in medium (3). An increase in oxygen consumption during histamine or high-K induced contracture is probably linked to increased Ca ions in the cytoplasm of the muscle cell (2, 4).
The present experiments were undertaken to investigate effects of carbachol, pilocarpine, atropine and barium on oxygen consumption, muscle tension and electrical activity in taenia coli.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
Shigehiko NARUMI, Morio KANNO1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 663-673
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe proposed presence of the gastric mucosal barrier system, which interferes with the back diffusion of hydrogen ion secreted in gastric juice (1), has been postulated to protect the possible occurrence of mucosal damage due to hydrochloric acid (2). Though the precise nature of the barrier remains biochemically unknown, mucous substances covering the mucous layer or mucosal epithelical cells are indicated to be related with barrier function (3).
Occurrence of the back diffusion of hydrogen ion in association with the equivalent increase in the intraluminal efflux of sodium ion in the surgically or pharmacologically vagotomized stomach of the rat or the dog indicated the equilibrated exchanges of hydrogen and sodium ions across the mucous epithels (4, 5).
Increase in the back diffusion of hydrogen ion by thiocyanate (2) and acetazolamide (6) in the vagotomized dog stomach suggests an essential role of a carbonic anhydrase in the maintenance of the gastric mucosal barrier, as the enzyme is present in the gastric mucosa and activity is inhibited by both agents.
Though thiocyanate as one of non-anticholinergic antacids has been an available pharmacological tool for elucidation of the mechanism of gastric acid secretion, especially in the gastric mucosa of frog in vitro, many discussions have been presented on the mode of its action (7-9).
Marked inhibition of the gastric acid secretion without affecting the volume of gastric juice by thiocyanate in the oral route prompted the study of the correlation between the inhibitory effect and increase in the back diffusion of hydrogen ion by thiocyanate.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
Shigehiko NARUMI, Morio KANNO1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 675-684
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gastric mucosal barrier consisting of mucous and mucosal barriers in the rat is known to protect the gastric mucosa from the digestive activity of the gastric juice. The postulation by Plessis (1) that the permeability change of the gastric mucosal barrier is the main trigger in generating the gastric ulcer is originates from the observation that bile juice frequently present in the stomach of patients with gastric and duodenal ulcers induces the decreased secretion of the gastric mucus, by which the gastric mucosa is made more sensitive to the gastric acid there by activating the development of ulcers. Intragastric administration of bile juice in the dog was reported by Davenport (2) to result in the destruction of the mucosal barrier and the back diffusion of hydrogen ion to the mucosal layer. Similar results were recently obtained by the same procedure in humans (3). Decreased response of the gastric acid secretion to alcohol, caffein, or histamine in patients with gastric ulcers was also due to the back diffusion of hydrogen ion caused by the destruction of the gastric mucosal barrier (4, 5).
Correlation between the gastric mucosal barrier and the development of the gastric ulcers was studied in animals treated with non-steroidal antiphlogistics and stress stimuli induced by a combination of restraint and immersion of rats into cold water.View full abstractDownload PDF (345K) -
Hajime TAMAKI, Mitsuo TANAKA, Sakae MURATA, Shoichi HARIGAYA, Akio KIY ...1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 685-699
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the course of screening anticholinergic agents, tipepidine hibenzoate (Asverin®), a piperidine derivative with a tertiary ammonium nitrogen and a potent antitussive agent (1), was found to have a marked anticholinergic activity (2).
It is well known that among atropine and scopolamine derivatives, the anticholinergic activities of quaternary ammonium compounds are generally more potent than their tertiary derivatives (3). This also holds true with piperidine derivatives (2, 4). Therefore, efforts were made to search for an anticholinergic with strong spasmolytic activity among many quaternary ammonium derivatives of piperidine that would have minimal untoward effects, such as mydriasis and antisialagogue characteristics of most anticholinergics. As a result, a new compound, 1, 1-dimethyl-5-methoxy-3-(dithien-2-ylmethylene) piperidinium bromide (SA-504), was selected for further studies (2) (Fig. 1).View full abstractDownload PDF (513K) -
Issei TAKAYANAGI, Yukisato ISHIDA, Keijiro TAKAGI1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 701-706
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that desensitization of smooth muscle preparations occurs by repeated exposure to a stimulating drug. This is called tachyphylaxis. This paper demonstrates the response of isolated rat tracheal muscle to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) as being diminished by repeated application in almost every instance and that 5-HT applied in the presence of stimulating drugs caused a further contraction when the preparation did not respond to 5-HT alone. For this reason interaction between 5-HT and other stimulating drugs was studied on the rat tracheal muscle after desensitization had occurred.View full abstractDownload PDF (169K) -
Hiroyuki YAMAMOTO, Minoru MASUDA, Hitoo NISHINO, Tadashi MURANO1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 707-714
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the biologically active quinones, coenzyme Q (CoQ), is widely distributed in nature and primarily localized in the mitochondria of animal cells (1, 2). There is considerable evidence to support the fact that CoQ may be an important carrier for mediating between flavoprotein and cytochrome chains in mitochondria (3, 4).
On the other hand, there is considerable literature on the pharmacologic action of exogenous CoQ (5, 6), however, reports investigating structure-activity relationship, e.g. relationships between the activity and the polyisoprenoid side chains or the quinone ring, etc. are few. The mechanism of action of CoQ also has not been ascertained. To clarify these points, effect of CoQ on the root potentials of perfused frog's spinal cord was investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Hiroyuki YAMAMOTO, Taizo HAYANO, Yasusuke MASUDA, Tadashi MURANO1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 715-720
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSince earlier studies with nalorphine in humans demonstrated analgesia (1, 2) without producing dependence of the morphine type (1-3), a considerable effort has been made to discover a drug having similar characteristics, but without undesirable psychic effects. Pentazocine was found to be in this category (4-7).
Recently, 1-(m-methoxyphenyl)-2-dimethylaminomethyl cyclohexanol (1) HCl (hereafter referred to as CG-315) was synthesized as a new central analgesic, by Grünenthal Co., Ltd., West Germany. Henmi et al. (8, 9) demonstrated that analgesic action of CG-315 is similar to that of dihydrocodeine and also potentiates the response to adrenaline of nictitating membrane and cardiovascular organs in cats. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the physical dependence liability in rats.View full abstractDownload PDF (230K) -
Fumio TAKENAKA, Takafumi ISHIHARA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 721-723
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
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Yoshitsugu OSUMI, Ikuo WADA, Motohatsu FUJIWARA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 723-726
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
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K.C. SINGHAL, Om CHANDRA, P.N. SAXENA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 726-727
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
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Yukio ISHIHARA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 728-730
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (114K) -
Yoshihisa KUDO, Hideomi FUKUDA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 731-734
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
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Shigetoshi CHIBA, Tamio NAKAJIMA, Jiro NAKANO1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 734-736
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
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Akira TSUJIMOTO, Toshihiro DOHI, Sekizo KOJIMA1972 Volume 22 Issue 5 Pages 736-739
Published: 1972
Released on J-STAGE: December 19, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (164K)
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