The purpose of the study was to investigate factors related to management behavior and self-efficacy of hemodialysis(HD) patient. The study was done with 88 outpatients on HD. The patients answered self-administered questionnaires based on the following scale: management behaviors of fluid-intake and self-medication, perceived self-efficacy of those behaviors, self-care support by family, self-determination of the management behaviors, sense of fulfillment in life, mental and somatic symptoms and knowledge about HD. Better management behaviors were counted as higher scores. (1)Path analysis showed that the factors with direct positive effects on management behaviors of fluid-intake and self-medication were perceived self-efficacy of the management behaviors, self-care support by family and female gender. However knowledge about HD had a direct negative effect. (2)The factors with direct positive effects on self-efficacy of the managecment behaviors were self-care support by family and self-determination of the behaviors. These results suggest that psychosociological factors have impodant influence on management behaviors and self-efficacy in HD patients.

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The change of foot size and foot outline, as the infants are growing, was mainly studied cross-sectionally and in part longitudinally by measuring various foot portions of 1081 infants. The study period ranged from 1988 to 1995. The foot size rapidly increases for the first one to three years after birth. As a result of two-dimensional cross tabulation of distributions between foot length / ball joint girth and foot length / foot breadth, it has been proven that at least three levels of size were necessary as to ball girth or foot breadth for one size of foot length.

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A local cold-pressor test was performed in order to investigate the responses in spectral pattern of heart-rate variability to the exposure. In the test, the left hand of 12 healthy subjects was immersed up to the wrist into water (30℃, 2O℃, and 10℃) in an air-conditioned (23-25℃) room between 9:30-12:30. Following a 10-minute supine position, we collected data at the rest stage for 5 minutes, at each water temperature for 3 minutes, and at the convalescent stage for 5 minutes. As a result, the blood pressure at 10℃ increased significantly (p<0.05) compared with the counterpart at rest. The blood pressure correlated with the ratio of high frequency to total frequency powers (HF/TO), which indicates parasympathetic nerve activity. In conclusion, power spectral analysis of heart-rate variability is expected to be useful for the estimation of autonomic nerve activity to the cold pressor test.

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An inquiry was carried out into swelling sensations that normal, healthy adult women experience in daily life. Through a survey of women in their 20s we carried out, it became clear where in the body swelling occurs, and how perceptions of it vary depending upon where it originates. It was found that swelling in fact occurs not only in the legs, but is also felt in the face, hands and fingers. We learned that there were also differences in these various sensations. Thus, using methods appropriate each area's sensation on area, we endeavored to measure the daily changes in shape that occur in the legs, hands and fingers, and face. The subjects for the experiment were 10 women in their 2Os. The face, as well as the hands and fingers, were measured using a 3D curbed shape measurement apparatus. The topology of the face, in particular the area around the eyes and the cheeks, was also measured, as was the volume of the hands. The circumference of the legs, including the thighs, was measured in 12 different places using a tape measure. The circumference of the fingers was measured for ring size by putting a ring gauge on each finger. Measurements were carried out twice a day, first between 8:30 and 10:00 A.M. and then between 4:00 and 5:30 P.M.. The results were follows: (1) The circumference of only the lower legs but thigh increased in the afternoon than in the morning. (2) The volume of the hands and ring size decrease in the morning than in the afternoon. (3) The topology of the face, in particular the area around the eyes, swelled in front of the surface of face in the morning than in the afternoon. (4) In contradiction to the leg, swelling in the face, hands and fingers appeared in the morning.

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During the survey on etiology of lung cancer in two suburban districts in Chiang Mai Province, which are distinguished by very high and low incidence rates of lung cancer, we recorded forms of the subjects' houses and kitchens on video tape and temperature and humidity of outside and inside house. On the basis of these records together with analysis of questiormaire survey, we compared the residents' habitation and kitchen conditions between the two districts. In brief, we found the following features and difference in their habitation conditions. l) The ratio of houses with high pilotis to the total houses in high risk district were highter than that in low risk district, on the other hand the reverse was the case in the ratio of one story house. 2) Most kitchen in both districts are built outside home and well ventilated because they have window with wooden bars.

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