Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences)
Online ISSN : 1881-7718
Print ISSN : 0484-6710
ISSN-L : 0484-6710
Volume 16, Issue 5
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages Cover17-
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Cover
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages Cover18-
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (31K)
  • Mitsumasa Miyashita, Hiroshi Sodeyama
    Article type: Article
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 253-257
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was intended to measure the maximum oxygen intake of Japanese swimmers from 12 to 26 years of age. The subjects were 26 male and 20 female excellent swimmers including Mexico Olympic representatives and 34 male and 32 female good swimmers belonging to junior and senior high school swimming clubs in Nagoya city. The subjects performed all-out run on the treadmill at 8.6% grades, speed of which was kept at 180 m/min for male and 140 m/min for female during the first 2minutes, and after 2 minutes, increased by 10 m/min every one minute until the subject became exhausted. The experimental results can be summarized as follows; Mean maximum oxygen intake of male excellent swimmers was 4.41l/min(max.4.91 and min. 3.68) and that of female swimmers was 2.84l/min(max. 3.45 and min. 2.32). The maximum oxygen intake of male increased linearly with ages from 12 to 18 years, while that of female was constant over a wide range of age, from 12 to 18 years. The maximum oxygen intake of the swimmers was 30-40% more than the non-athletes. In order to succeed in the field of competitive swimming, male swimmer must have a better ability to take oxygen in than the ordinary persons even in younger ages and continue swimming practice and training until 19-20 years of age when the ability of oxygen intake is elevated to the maximum level. On the other hand, though female swimmer must have a better ability to take oxygen in, she can establish her best record at 15 to 17 years of age because her ability of oxygen intake does not increase remarkably after 13 years of age.
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  • Haruhiko Togari, Toshio Asami, Takemichi Kikuchi
    Article type: Article
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 259-264
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study was intended to examine the relationships between the speed of a kicked ball by instep-kicking, the speed of a kicking foot, and the contacting time of the kicking foot with the kicked ball. Experiment was made in two parts: In Experiment I, using three well-trained subjects, the speed of a kicked ball was measured by a speedometer installed a magnetic generator and the speed of a kicking foot was measured by a pair of micro-switches. In Experiment II, using six untrained subjects, both speeds were calculated from a 16mm movie film. In both experiments, the contacting time between the kicking for with the ball was measured by the use of electrically conductive plastic material pasted on the shoe and the ball. Following results were obtained from this study. 1.The speed of a kicking foot had a high relationship with the speed of a kicked ball, and the former was found to de contributing greatly to the latter. 2.It was found that the swing of a kicking foot was accelerated till it contacted the ball, and this phenomenon was more prominent for the well-trained than the untrained. From this, it might be considered that the well-trained subjects had better efficiency in performing their skills. 3.The contacting time tended to become slightly longer when the speed of a kicked ball was great, but there were large intra-and-inter personal differences. This seemed to be influnked by a flexing and extending movement of a kicking foot at the ankle joint when giving impact on the ball.
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  • M. Saito, T. Hoshikawa, M. Miyashita, H. Matsui
    Article type: Article
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 265-271
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to analyze the motion pattern for the hip, knee and ankle joint during running at various speeds. The electrogoniometer was used to obtain continuous recordings of the rotation of the joint and the pressure transducer fixed on the inside of the shoes was used to obtain the reference points for running. Those points were the instant when the heel made contact with the ground, the instant the toe exerted the maximum force against the ground and the instant the the broke the contact with the ground. Three subjects (who were an excellent sprinter, a good runner and an untrained of ordinary adult) were employed in this study. They run at various speeds on the motordriven treadmill, the speed of which was from 150m/min to 500m/min. Results obtained in the study were as follows; 1.The amplitude of the rotation of the hip and the knee joint tended to increase according to the increase of running speed. The increasing rate of the amplitude was larger for the trained subject than for the untrained. 2.When the trained subject striked his foot on the ground, the swing leg was carried more nearly towards the support leg even at lower speed of running. On the contrary, the untrained subject remained his swing leg behind the body at the same instant. 3. At the instant when the toe exerted the maximum force against the ground, the trained subject carried his knee joint of the swing leg upward in front of mid body. But the untrained subject kept his swing leg near the support leg.
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  • Y. Murase, S. Kamei, T. Hoshikawa, M. Miyashita, H. Matsui
    Article type: Article
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 273-279
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to know the individual differences in the motion pattern of the joints of the lower limb during running at various speeds. Three subjects (who were an excellent sprinter, a post-trained runner and an untrained ordinary adult) were employed in this study. Running was performed in the darken room on the motor-driven treadmill, speeds of which were from 200m/min to 500 m/min. The light-trace photographs of three points of lower limb were collected by means of an ordinary camera and a black and white 35mm film. The light-trace was interrupted every l/45 second. Three small lamps were fixed on the hip, knee and ankle joints of the left leg. The typical photographs were shown in Fig. 1 and 2. From those photographs, the vertical displacement of knee and ankle joints, the duration time of one cycle, the step frequency, the step length, and the foot speed were calculated respectively at each speed of running. The results were as follows; 1.General tendency. Towards highest speed, the step frequency was frequent, the step length was lengthened, the vertical displacements of knee and ankle joints became larger and the motion of the foot became faster. 2.Individual differences. There were several distinct differences between the trained runner and the untrained adult. Namely, the triaged runner carried his knee more upwards, made his longer step (consequently lower step frequency) and move his foot more rapidly just before the contact on the ground than untrained at the same speed of running
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  • F. Inoue, Y. Matsuura
    Article type: Article
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 281-290
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The developmental changes in factorial structure of motor ability were investigated with longitudinal data of junior high school girls in this paper. First of all, the principal component analysis was applied to the correlation matrix of each grade, whose variables were 13 motor ability items and 4 anthropometric variables, and the first principal components were extracted and investigated. These components could be interpreted as fundamental motor ability components, because of significant loading with all variables, and their degrees of contribution to total variance were decreasing as the age grew. In other words, the individual differences in the fundamental motor ability may be decreasing as the age grows. Then, the principal factor analysis was applied to these correlation matrices with communalies estimated by the results of principal component analysis under the hypothesis of numbers of factors estimated by the same results, and normal varimax rotation was applied to the extracted factor matrices. Five factors were extracted in each grade, but the interpreted factors were not always the same in each grade, but two of them were identical; factor of power and coordination, and growth of longitudinal element of physique. The contribution of the format factor to total variance is increasing as the age grows but the later one decreasing. Investigation on communality changes showed that the specificity of variables increasing in physique, static dynamometric strength and flexibility, but decreasing in power and coordination variables. In other words, the relationship of power and coordination variables with other areas of motor ability was increasing as the age grew.
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  • Yoshihiro Tamura, Yoshiyuki Matsuura, Yoshinori Ohyama, Tamotsu Yagi, ...
    Article type: Article
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 291-298
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The human growth and development has various aspects which are more or less associated with each other. In order to investigate this process of growth and development more precisely, these various aspects must be treated as the associated attributes in the same space. Now, let X be the measure vector (X_1X_2X_3.........X_n), X can be expressed as a point in the n dimensional variable space. Testing the difference between the mean vectors of two groups in deferent growth level is much more efficient than testing the one between the mean values of measures, separately, However, the n dimensional space can not be observed intuitively, so it may restrict the observation. For the purpose to observe the n-dimensional phenomenon intuitively, the two-dimensional component space was approximated to the n dimensional variable space. In order to extract the two components, principal component analysis was applied and, the first and the second principal component were used. Then, (C-C)V^<-1> (C-C)' = X^2 (β)expresses the β% probability ellipse in the component space, where C stands for component score vector, C the mean vector of component score and V the variance covariance matrix of component score in each grade group, so the ellipse of each grade group was computed and drawn in the two dimensional component space. The change of ellipse area, position and the overlapping area between the ellipses of different grade groups were investigated. This approach can not be applied to all the situations. If considerable portion of total variance can be explained by these two components, this technique can be successfully applied. Then, this technique was applied to investigate the physique growth of elementary school sample in some rural area in Kyoto. Then, several interesting findings were extracted, such as described in this paper.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages 299-307
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages App8-
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (75K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages App9-
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (17K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages Cover19-
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (27K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1972 Volume 16 Issue 5 Pages Cover20-
    Published: February 25, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (27K)
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