The purpose of this study was to investigate physical education in 'Kobu-daigakko' (the Imperial College of Engineering), which had been called 'Kogakuryo' in the early period, and clarify the significance it had in the history of school physical education in Japan. The materials analysed were collected at the National Diet Library, the National Archives, the Archives and the Central Library in the University of Tokyo, and Numazu City Archives of Meiji. The results of this study are summerized as follows: 1) Judging from T. Hayashi's proposal to adopt military drill, 'Kobu-daigakko' founded by Ministry of Public Works in 1873 had been concerned about physical education since the early period of 'Kogakuryo'. 2) However, 'Kobu-daigakko' did not have physical education as a subject, while students had an hour of exercise as their daily routine which the college urged them to observe. They were free to select the kind of sports and could have a good time and find the beginning of the friendship. It Was a feature of physical education for 'Kobu-daigakko' to have introduced various kinds of sports. 3) A physical education teacher employed by 'Kobu-daigakko' was Ituro Shimo who had been a gymnastic teacher at Numazu Military Academy before. He seemed to have experienced military gymnastics at the closing period of the Tokugawa shogunate and to have taught the same system of gymnastics. 4) Physical education in 'Kobu-daigakko' was an intermediate form between a regular subject and an extra-curricular sports. 5) Physical education in 'Kobu-daigakko' had a significance in Japanese history of school physical education to be an experiment for physical education in higher education, which contrasted with physical education consisted of formal gymnastics in schools under the administration of the Ministry of Education.

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This study is designed to determine Maximum Peak Velocity age (MPV) and examine the relationship between the MPV ages of height and other physique (body mass, chest girth, sitting height and leg length) in the growth velocity curve which differentiated the mean growth distance curve approximated by the Wavelet Interpolation Method (WIM) in physique. Furthermore analyzed the mid-growth spurt and the after-growth spurt. Ninety-eight longitudinal data of male students aged 6 to 17 years in physique (height, weight, chest girth, sitting height, leg length) were obtained retrospectively from health examination records in 1983. Specifically, the growth curve constracted theoretically based upon the Multiresolution phenomenon (Self-similar phenomenon in the terminology of Fractal) was abstracted as human growth phenomena, and the abstracted growth curve was approximately described as the true growth curve by the WIM. The MPV ages of physique by identified by judging from the growth velocity curve simulated by the WIM, and the sequence in the MPV ages of physique was leg length (11.78), height (12.21), sitting height (12.57), weight (12.60), and chest girth (12.81) in early order of MPV age. Significant (P &lt 0.01) correlations were obtained between the MPV ages of height and other physical measurements. It was shown that differences between the MPV ages of height and physique except height had fixed tendency respectively. The mid-growth spurt was confirmed in the growth velocity curve of weight and chest girth, and the after-growth spurt was confirmed in those of height and leg length. Consequently, it was considered that the after-growth spurt of height was determined by that of leg length.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the construction of the goal orientations in sport settings and to examine how these goal orientations would be related to high school athletes' relevant elements in actual sport settings. Three-hundred and ninety-seven athletes were given questionnaires on their perceptions of the goal orientations in the sport, and containing some relevant elements in athletes (i.e., their perceived competence, causal attributions, sport motivation, and participation motives). The goal orientations in sport were evaluated using a performance goal scale and a mastery goal scale. The main results were as follow. The factor analysis revealed two factors of the goal orientation in sport as perceived by athletes. Athletes who perceived an emphasis on performance goals were more concerned with winning in grime and participated in sport for gaining social status. Also, performance goals tended to relate to higher levels of competitive anxiety in the athletic setting. On the contrary, athletes who perceived mastery goals as salient had higher achievement motivation for sport and were likely to participate in sport for the enhancement their fitness and likely to emphasize team climate were free and equal. The two kinds of goal orientations also differed in causal attributions, particularly, performance goal were linked to an emphasis on ability attributions.

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