Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education, Health and Sport Sciences)
Online ISSN : 1881-7718
Print ISSN : 0484-6710
ISSN-L : 0484-6710
Volume 42, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages Cover1-
    Published: May 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (15K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages Cover2-
    Published: May 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (15K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages App1-
    Published: May 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (237K)
  • Yoshinori Okade
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 1-18
    Published: May 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

    Zur Zeit ist eine starke Kritik an das Fach Leibeserziehung in Japan zu beobachten. Welche Grunde sind dafur verantwortlich? In diesem Artikel mochte ich versuchen, Hinweise dazu aus der Diskussion uber den Sinn des Sports in der Leitidee "Handlungsfahigkeit im Sport" in Deutschland herauszuziehen, weil wir ahnliche Situationen um das Fach Sport auch in Deutschlad finden konnen. Die Leitidee "Handlungsfahigkeit im Sport" ist heuzutage die fuhrende Idee des Fachs Sport in Deutschland. Unter dem Begriff "Handlungsfahigkeit im Sport" versteht man zwei Fahigkeiten. Eine ist die spezielle Handlungsfahigkeit im Sport und andere die erweiterte Handlungsfahigkeit im Sport. Der Begriff. orientiert auch den Sinn des Sports. Deswegen bezeichnet man den Begriff mit dem Wort Mehrperspektivitat. Zu diesem Zweck stelle ich folgende drei Prozesse fest: 1) Die Wandlung der Idee des Fachs Sport in Deutschland nach dem 2. Weltkrieg. 2) Die Diskussion uber die Leitidee Handlungsfahigkeit im Sport. 3) Die Wandlung der Theorie des Sinnes des Sports in dieser Leitidee. Den VeranderungsprozeB der Theorie vom Sinn des Sports teile ich in folgende drei Stufen ein. 1) Die Phase der Schulsportprojekte am Beispiel der Gesamtschule Waldhauser Ost in Tubingen (1972-1976) 2) Die Phase der Habilitationsschrift von Kurz 1977 und Entwicklung seines Konzepts vom Sinn des Sports bis 1986 3) Die Phase der padagogischen Diskussion uber den Sinn des Sports in Deutschland ab 1987. Aufgrund dieses Versuchs kennzeichne ich die Wandlung der Theorie des Sinnes des Sport in der Leitidee Handlungsfahigkeit im Sport aus folgenden drei Punkten: 1) In der ersten Stufe wurde der Schulsport begrundet, weil Sport als gesellschaftliches Phanomen angesehen wurde. Die padagogische Verantwortung der Schule besteht darin, dieses Phanomen in der Schule zu behandeln.. Unter dem Begriff padagogische Moglichkeiten des Sports verstand man sowohl die Moglichkeiten der Menschenbildung im und durch Sport als auch die gesellschaftliche. Kurz hat die Notwendigikeit der vielfaltigen Sinnerfahrungen im und durch Sport in der Schule vorgestellt. 2) In der zweiten Phase hat Kurz 6 Sinndimensionen des Sports gezeigt. Sie ergeben sich aus den Motiven des Menschen zum Sport und den Bildungsgehalte des Sports. Wichtig ist, daB nach Kurz der Sinn des Sports von dem Beteiligten immer selbst erzeugt wird. 3) In der dritten Stufe hat Kurz den vorher gesagten Sinn des Sports unter padagogischen Aspekten neu benannt. Als Begrundung des padagogischen Aspekts nennt er die Entwicklung des Kindes, die padagogische Verantwortung der Schule und auch die Verwirklichungsmoglichkeiten des Unterrichts. Man soll nicht ubersehen, daB man hier den Sinn des Sports im Zusammenhang mit der Institution Schule, dem Unterricht und auch der Gesellschaft insgesamt diskutiert. Das bedeutet, daB man anfangt, nach den padagogischen Moglichkeiten des Sports im Zussamenhang mit den verschiedener Kulturen zu fragen. Der ProzeB der Theorieentwicklung dieser Leitidee zeigt, daB man Aktivierungsfunktionen im Sinne des Sports und dessen Wiedergabefunktion im Schulsport erkennt. Man erkennt auch die Relativierungsfunktion dessen Sinnes und Notwendigkeit der Methodik zur Verwirklichung dieser Leitidee. Aus dieser Diskussion uber den Sinn des Sports ergeben sich folgende Konsequenzen fur die japanische Fachdidaktik. 1) Die Bedeutung des Wortes "im Sport". Die Orientierung am Standpunkt "im Sport" bedeutet nicht, daB man die Funktion des Sports zur Identitatsbildung und zur Gestaltung der sozialen Verhaltnisse im Sport nicht erkennt. Sport hat Moglichkeiten, durch den Sport reiche Erfahrung zur Personalbildung, Aktivierung der Schule und auch Gesellschaft zu geben. In diesem Sinn, das Wort Handlungsfahigkeit im Sport erhalt auch die Bedeutung "durch Sport". Man muB auch erkennen, daB man zur Realisierung dieser Funktionen bestimm

    (View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

    Download PDF (2034K)
  • Junji Takamatsu, Michiyoshi Ae, Norihisa Fujii
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 19-29
    Published: May 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The purpose of this study was to develop a DLT procedure using pan and tilt cameras (henceforth, panning DLT) for the collection of three-dimensional coordinates data in large measurement volumes. Two stationary VTR cameras and two pan and tilt VTR cameras were used to obtain images of two control volumes. Two control volumes were used to compare the accuracy of coordinates data taken from stationary DLT with that of panning DLT technique: control volume A (CV-A) was 1.25×10×5m^3, and control volume B (CV-B) was 1.25×5×3m^3 in dimension. Control points and a ball thrown in each control volume were videotaped. DLT parameters for panning technique were calculated as follows: (1) Relative coordinates of control points to reference points were calculated from the digitizer coordinates of the reference points and control points. (2) Digitizer coordinates of the reference points and target objects were digitized. (3) Virtual control points were reconstructed from the relative coordinates of the control points in each frame. (4) Virtual control points appeared in the view of each camera were selected and used for the calculation of DLT parameters. Three-dimensional coordinates of control points were computed, and RMS errors were compared between stationary and panning DLT techniques. In CV-A of large volume, RMS errors of control points in stationary and panning DLT techniques were 14.0 and 7.5mm, respectively, while in CV-B of small volume, there was no significant difference in RMS errors, 8.3 and 5.8mm, respectively. Vertical accelerations of a thrown ball computed with two techniques were 9.74 and 9.71m.s^<-2> in CV-A. These results reveal that panning DLT technique developed in this study can be adapted for the collection of three-dimensional coordinates data in large measurement volumes.
    Download PDF (1069K)
  • Nobuyoshi Fumoto, Koki Sato
    Article type: Article
    1997 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 30-44
    Published: May 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This study investigated the cause of clumsiness in two university students whose school achievements were normal but whose movements were remarkably clumsy. The students were selected from PE classes of university. Test items consisted of physique and fitness test items, some familiar motor tasks, and some motor learning tasks. Some perception tests and perceptual development tests were also given to the subjects to check for perceptual disorders, and their personalities were investigated in relation to their low motor abilities using personality inventories including interview survey for growth history. To obtain standard values for certain tasks which have no age-related standards, twenty male students were used as control subiects and the same items were evaluated. The results in the two subjects are presented as a percent and a Z-score against the standard value (Table 2-3), and their differences were discussed in relation to the scores. The physique of one subject was larger than Japanese standard, while the height of the other was average but his build was somewhat slight. Width scores were relatively smaller than their height scores except skinfold at the abdominal. This indicates that the subjects were slim. All the muscle strength scores were below the standard even for the taller subject. Jump movements were scored at less than thirty in Z-score and the Z-scores for more complex movements such as throwing were about twenty. Reaction times were also more than one SD greater than the standard. Performance of the motor tasks were far lower than the average except for a few items. Learning experiments, however, showed that these students had some learning ability. Adaptability to speed change and gross-motor-skills seemed to be the biggest problem for both students. Visual recognition tests did not show clear deficiency, however, two-points threshold on skin could not be measured because of their inability to distinguish the sensation of "two points" from that of "one point". Interviews revealed that these subjects were clumsy from childhood, but were never bothered by the clumsiness. As children, they liked to play alone. The personality test revealed that their scores for depression, neurosis, and self-exhibition were low. Extreme clumsiness did not seem to cause mental instability. Therefore, it was speculated that these students accepted the situation and did not push themselves to improve their motor skills nevertheless they were clumsy. The present state of clumsiness would becaused in part by their inherent disability, but another part was caused by less practice because of their personality and by inadequate guidance from their teachers.
    Download PDF (1624K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    1997 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages 45-
    Published: May 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (904K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages Cover3-
    Published: May 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (15K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1997 Volume 42 Issue 1 Pages Cover4-
    Published: May 10, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: September 27, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (15K)
feedback
Top